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Alonso Fernández de
Avellaneda Avellaneda (, ) is a port city in the provinces of Argentina, province of Buenos Aires Province, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the seat of the Avellaneda Partido, whose population was 342,677 as per the . Avellaneda is located within the Greater B ...
is the
pseudonym A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true meaning ( orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individual's o ...
of a man who wrote a sequel to
Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( ; ; 29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. He is best known for his no ...
' ''
Don Quixote , the full title being ''The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha'', is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes. Originally published in two parts in 1605 and 1615, the novel is considered a founding work of Western literature and is of ...
'', before Cervantes finished and published his own second volume. The identity of Avellaneda has been the subject of many theories, but there is no consensus on who he was. Cervantes knew that Avellaneda was a pseudonym and that the volume's publication information was false. Cervantes also indicated four times in the second part of his ''Don Quixote'' that Avellaneda was from Aragon. One theory holds that Avellaneda's work was a
collaboration Collaboration (from Latin ''com-'' "with" + ''laborare'' "to labor", "to work") is the process of two or more people, entities or organizations working together to complete a task or achieve a goal. Collaboration is similar to cooperation. The ...
by friends of
Lope de Vega Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio (; 25 November 156227 August 1635) was a Spanish playwright, poet, and novelist who was a key figure in the Spanish Golden Age (1492–1659) of Spanish Baroque literature, Baroque literature. In the literature of ...
,
E. T. Aylward, reviewing Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda. ''El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha''. Ed. Luis Gómez Canseco. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2000. 789 pp. .
although none of them were from Aragon. Another theory is that it was by Jerónimo de Pasamonte, Gerónimo de Passamonte, born in Aragon, the real-life inspiration for the character Ginés de Pasamonte of Part I. In fact, Avellaneda knows and praises the Brotherhood of the Santísimo Rosario of
Calatayud Calatayud (; 2014 pop. 20,658) is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in the Province of Zaragoza, within Aragón, Spain, lying on the river Jalón (river), Jalón, in the midst of the Sistema Ibérico mountain range. It is the second-largest ...
, and there is only one candidate who could have known that brotherhood: Jerónimo de Pasamonte, who wrote in his autobiography that he entered that same brotherhood at the age of 13. Critical opinion has generally held Avellaneda's work in low regard, and Cervantes himself is highly critical of it in his own Part 2. However, it is possible that Cervantes would never have composed his own continuation without the stimulus Avellaneda provided. Throughout Part 2 of Cervantes' book, Don Quixote meets characters who know of him from their reading of his Part 1, but in Chapter 59, Don Quixote first learns of Avellaneda's Part 2. In that chapter, Don Quixote meets two characters who are reading Avellaneda's recently published book. One of those characters is called Jerónimo, like Jerónimo de Pasamonte, which could be another indication from Cervantes about the identity of Avellaneda. The character hands over the apocryphal book to Don Quixote, recognizing him as the true one. Cervantes would have made the literary representation of Avellaneda, personified in the character known as Jerónimo, recognize his Don Quixote as the true one. Don Quixote is outraged because Avellaneda portrays him as being no longer in love with Dulcinea del Toboso. As a result, Don Quixote decides not to go to
Zaragoza Zaragoza (), traditionally known in English as Saragossa ( ), is the capital city of the province of Zaragoza and of the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It lies by the Ebro river and its tributaries, the ...
to take part in the jousts, as he had planned, because such an incident features in that book. From then on, Avellaneda's work is ridiculed frequently; Don Quixote even meets one of its characters, Don Alvaro Tarfe, and gets him to swear an
affidavit An ( ; Medieval Latin for "he has declared under oath") is a written statement voluntarily made by an ''affiant'' or ''deposition (law), deponent'' under an oath or affirmation which is administered by a person who is authorized to do so by la ...
that he has never met the true Don Quixote before.''Part 2'', Ch. 72.


Humour

There is evidence that some of Cervantes' condemnations are of
tongue-in-cheek Tongue-in-cheek is an idiom that describes a humorous or sarcastic statement expressed in a serious manner. History The phrase originally expressed contempt, but by 1842 had acquired its modern meaning. Early users of the phrase include Sir Walte ...
references to errors or jokes in Part 1. In Part 2, Chapter 59, of Cervantes's version, Don Quixote disregards Avellaneda's Part 2 because in it
Sancho Panza Sancho Panza (; ) is a fictional character in the novel ''Don Quixote'' written by Spain, Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra in 1605. Sancho acts as squire to Don Quixote and provides comments throughout the novel, ...
's wife is called Mari Gutiérrez, instead of Teresa Panza. However, in the early chapters of Part 1 Sancho's wife is called by many names, some within just two paragraphs, including Juana Panza, Mari Gutiérrez, Juana Gutiérrez, Teresa Cascajo, etc. Teresa Panza is settled on only after she becomes a substantial character. It is difficult to decide whether they are true mistakes since
malapropism A malapropism (; also called a malaprop, acyrologia or Dogberryism) is the incorrect use of a word in place of a word with a similar sound, either unintentionally or for comedic effect, resulting in a nonsensical, often humorous utterance. An exam ...
s,
aliases A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true meaning (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individual's ow ...
and
pun A pun, also known as a paronomasia in the context of linguistics, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from t ...
s are a running
joke A joke is a display of humour in which words are used within a specific and well-defined narrative structure to make people laugh and is usually not meant to be interpreted literally. It usually takes the form of a story, often with dialogue, ...
throughout the books. Cide Hamete Benengeli is called "Berengena" (
eggplant Eggplant (American English, US, Canadian English, CA, Australian English, AU, Philippine English, PH), aubergine (British English, UK, Hiberno English, IE, New Zealand English, NZ), brinjal (Indian English, IN, Singapore English, SG, Malays ...
), Teresa is called "Teresona Panza" (approximately "Fat Belly"), etc.


Translations

Avellaneda's work was first translated into French, by an anonymous translator. Warton (1756) identifies this French translator with Le Sage, but Yardley (1784) doubts.) The French translation omits or replaces some of Avellaneda's episodes, and completely alters the ending. In the Spanish original, Don Quixote is left "in health and readiness for farther atchievements," but in the French translation, he is shot in a firefight with the Holy Brotherhood on the outskirts of his home town of Argamasilla, and ("it is to be supposed") buried within the town. The French translation was translated into English by John Stevens (1705), and reprinted with additional notes by William Augustus Yardley (1784). Both of these English editions preserve the French ending in which Quixote dies. Server and Keller (1980) provided the first English edition translated directly from Avellaneda's original. Their book, with footnotes by Tom Lathrop, was published by Lathrop's Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs press in 1980 and reissued in 2009.


References


External links


A scanned copy of a 1784 translation is available online from Open Library
* Alfonso Martín-Jiménez
Cervantes, Pasamonte and Avellaneda's ''Don Quixote''
* Alfonso Martín-Jiménez
Cervantes and Avellaneda, the mysterious author of the sequel to ''Don Quixote''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fernandez De Avellaneda, Alonso Spanish male writers Novels based on Don Quixote 17th-century Spanish novelists Sequel novels Baroque writers