Alma is a geographic parish on the

Bay of Fundy The Bay of Fundy () is a bay between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, with a small portion touching the U.S. state of Maine. It is an arm of the Gulf of Maine. Its tidal range is the highest in the world. The bay was ...

in the southwestern corner of

Albert County Albert County (2021 population 30,749) is New Brunswick's third-youngest county, located on the Western side of the Petitcodiac River on the Chignecto Bay in the Bay of Fundy; the shire town is Hopewell Cape. The county was established in 1 ...

New Brunswick New Brunswick is a Provinces and Territories of Canada, province of Canada, bordering Quebec to the north, Nova Scotia to the east, the Gulf of Saint Lawrence to the northeast, the Bay of Fundy to the southeast, and the U.S. state of Maine to ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

. For governance purposes, Alma is divided between the village of Fundy Albert and the Southeast rural district, both of which are members of the Southeast Regional Service Commission. A small area on the western side of

Fundy National Park Fundy National Park is a national park of Canada located on the Bay of Fundy, near the village of Alma, New Brunswick. It was created on April 10, 1946 and officially opened on July 29, 1950. The park showcases a rugged coastline which rises up ...

belongs to the Fundy rural district. Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between the village of

Alma Alma or ALMA may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Alma'' (film), a 2009 Spanish short animated film * ''Alma'', an upcoming film by Sally Potter * ''Alma'' (Oswald de Andrade novel), 1922 * ''Alma'' (Le Clézio novel), 2017 * ''Alma'' ( ...

and the

local service district Local service district may refer to these administrative units in Canada: * Local service district (New Brunswick) A local service district (LSD) was a provincial administrative unit for the provision of local services in the Canadian province o ...

of the parish of Alma. Fundy National Park was ''de jure'' part of the LSD. The village and the park are now part of Fundy Albert, the LSD part of the rural district. The

census subdivision The census geographic units of Canada are the census subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to conduct the country's quinquennial census. These areas exist solely for the purposes of st ...

of the same name includes all of the parish except the village of

, which forms its own census subdivision. The population of the parish CSD is so small that census numbers are rounded to maintain privacy. Revised census figures based on the 2023 local governance reforms have not been released.

Origin of name

The parish was named for its resemblance to the heights above the Alma River, site of the

Battle of Alma The Battle of the Alma (short for Battle of the Alma River) took place during the Crimean War between an allied expeditionary force (made up of French, British, and Ottoman forces) and Russian forces defending the Crimean Peninsula on 20Septe ...

, a decisive British/French/Turkish victory over

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

in 1854.

History

Cumberland County, Nova Scotia Cumberland County is a county in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Cumberland was named in 1755 in honour of the Duke of Cumberland to replace Beausejour. The historic county was founded in 1759 when the English system of administration was ...

included the territory now known as Alma Parish until the division of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Initially modern Alma parish was split three ways. Saint Martins Parish in

Saint John County Saint John County (2021 population: 76,558) is located in southern New Brunswick, Canada. The city of Saint John dominates the county. Elsewhere in the county, tourism is focused around the Bay of Fundy. Census subdivisions Communities Th ...

extended eastward to the boundary of Hopewell Parish, but ran only as far north as the extension of the northern line of Saint John County. The remainder of Alma was in Westmorland County, with Hopewell Parish extending north past Alma Parish's northern line, and the area north of Saint Martins Parish and west of Hopewell not assigned to any parish until Salisbury Parish was erected in 1787. This put the community of Alma in Saint Martins Parish, Hebron in Hopewell Parish, and Teahans Corner in Salisbury Parish. The county line between Saint John County and Westmorland County shifted westward in 1837 and the orphaned part of Saint Martins Parish was added to Hopewell but not the area to its north. The next year the newly erected Harvey Parish included all of Alma.

Boundaries

Alma Parish is bounded: Remainder of parish on map 152 at same site. Remainder of parish on mapbooks 418, 435, 436, 450, and 451 at same site. *on the north by a line beginning about 550 metres southeasterly of Wolfe Lake, then running north 72º east to the western line of Harvey Parish; *on the east beginning at a point about 3 kilometres northeasterly of the junction of Red School House Road and Collier Mountain Road, on the prolongation of the eastern line of a grant to William Hoar, then running southerly along the prolongation and the grant to strike the shore of Rocher Bay about 1.1 kilometres southwest of the mouth of Alcorn Brook; *on the south by Rocher Bay,

Chignecto Bay Chignecto Bay () is an inlet of the Bay of Fundy located between the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia and separated from the waters of the Northumberland Strait by the Isthmus of Chignecto. It is a unit within the greater Gulf ...

, and the

; *on the west by the Saint John and Kings County lines;

Municipality

The village of

contains all of the parish east of Fundy National Park and south of New Ireland Road.

Local service district

The local service district of the parish of Alma legally contained all of the parish not in the village of Alma; in practice the national park is separate from the LSD. The LSD was established on 1 November 1973 to assess for fire protection after the village of Alma was reduced in size from including in the entire parish. Ambulance service was added on 21 January 1976. In 2020, the LSD assessed for community & recreation services in addition to the basic LSD services of

fire protection Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially Conflagration, destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, Compartmentalization (fire protection), compartmentalisation, suppression and inve ...

, police services,

land use planning Land use planning or ''Land-use regulation'' is the process of regulating the Land use, use of land by a central authority. Usually, this is done to promote more desirable social and environmental outcomes as well as a more efficient resource u ...

, emergency measures, and dog control The taxing authority was 632.00 Alma.

National park

Fundy National Park is in the southwestern section of the parish, bounded on the north by Shepody Road and on east by Forty-Five Road, Lake Brook, and the Salmon River. It contains most of the parish and is under federal administration.

Communities

Communities at least partly within the parish; bold indicates a municipality *

Hebron Hebron (; , or ; , ) is a Palestinian city in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Hebron is capital of the Hebron Governorate, the largest Governorates of Palestine, governorate in the West Bank. With a population of 201,063 in ...

*Teahans Corner

Bodies of water

Bodies of waterNot including brooks, ponds, or coves. at least partly in the parish: *Broad River *

*Forty Five River *Point Wolfe River *Rocher Bay * Upper Salmon River *at least 13 named lakes

Other notable places

Parks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places in the parish. * Upper Salmon River Protected Natural Area

Demographics

Population

Parish population total does not include the former incorporated village of

. Revised census figures based on the 2023 local governance reforms have not been released.

Access routes

Highways and numbered routes that run through the parish, including external routes that start or finish at the parish limits:Atlantic Canada Back Road Atlas *Highways ** *Principal Routes **None *Secondary Routes: ** *External Routes: **None

Notes

References

External links

Village of Alma

{{Subdivisions of New Brunswick, counties=yes, state=expanded Parishes of Albert County, New Brunswick Local service districts of Albert County, New Brunswick