Alberto Cianca (1 January 1884 – 8 January 1966) was an Italian journalist and anti-fascist politician. He edited several significant publications, including '' Il Mondo'', and served in the Parliament and Senate.

Early life and education

Cianca was born in Rome on 1 January 1884. He had a bachelor's degree in law.

Career

Cianca started his career as a journalist and worked as a parliamentary reporter for the Rome-based newspaper ''La Tribuna''. Then he worked for ''Secolo'' in Milan and later, he served as the

editor-in-chief An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The editor-in-chief heads all departments of the organization and is held accoun ...

of '' Il Messaggero'' in Roma from which he resigned in 1921. Then he worked for '' L'Ora''. Cianca was the director of ''Il Mondo'' from its start in 1922 to its closure in 1926. The paper was the most significant opposition publication against Fascist government of

Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who, upon assuming office as Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister, became the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 un ...

. Cianca also edited another anti-fascist publication, '' Il Becco Giallo'', a weekly satirical magazine.

Exile

In 1927 Cianca left Italy to avoid from being arrested and settled in Paris. There he edited some publications and involved in the establishment of an anti-Fascist resistance movement,

Giustizia e Libertà Giustizia e Libertà (; ) was an Italian anti-fascist resistance movement, active from 1929 to 1945.James D. Wilkinson (1981). ''The Intellectual Resistance Movement in Europe''. Harvard University Press. p. 224. The movement was cofounded by ...

. In the establishment of the Giustizia e Libertà he collaborated with Carlo Rosselli,

Nello Rosselli Sabatino Enrico 'Nello' Rosselli (29 November 1900 – 9 June 1937) was an Italian Socialist leader and historian. Biography Rosselli was born on 29 June 1900, in Rome, to a prominent Jewish family. His parents were Giuseppe Emanuele "Joe" Rossel ...

Emilio Lussu Emilio Lussu (4 December 1890 – 5 March 1975) was a Sardinian people, Sardinian and Italian writer, anti-fascist intellectual, military officer, Italian resistance movement, partisan, and politician. He is also the author of the novel ''One Yea ...

Alberto Tarchiani Mario Alberto Tarchiani (11 November 1885 – 30 November 1964) was an Italian journalist, politician, and diplomat. Biography Born in Rome, Tarchiani studied at La Sapienza, at the University of Genoa and at the University of Florence, and ...

, Fausto Nitti and Gaetano Salvemini. Cianca managed to resume the publication of ''Il Becco Giallo'' in Paris, and also, he and Carlo Rosselli edited a weekly publication of Giustizia e Libertà which was also entitled ''

''. In fact, Rosselli was the editor of the weekly between 1934 and his death in 1937, and Cianca succeeded him in the post. When

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

broke out and France was occupied by

Nazi German Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictat ...

forces Cianca took refuge in the United States. He involved in the establishment of the Mazzini Society in New York City in 1940 which was one of the antifascist organizations founded by Italian political exiles in the United States. There he met his future wife, Carol Lunetta Cianca. Alberto Cianca and his close ally Alberto Tarchiani were very active in the society dealing with its administrative operations. Cianca was also named the president of the society's New York branch. Following the end of the Fascist rule, Cianca and other Italian exiles returned to Italy which led to the end of the Mazzini Society.

Later years and death

Upon his return to Italy Cianca became the leader of the Action Party (PdA). He was a member of the National Council and a minister in the first cabinet of Alcide De Gasperi. Cianca was among the few elected members of the Action Party to the

Constituent Assembly A constituent assembly (also known as a constitutional convention, constitutional congress, or constitutional assembly) is a body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a constitution. Members of a constituent assembly may be elected b ...

in 1946 and also, the last secretary of the Action Party before its closure. Then Cianca joined the

Italian Socialist Party The Italian Socialist Party (, PSI) was a Social democracy, social democratic and Democratic socialism, democratic socialist political party in Italy, whose history stretched for longer than a century, making it one of the longest-living parti ...

(PSI) and was elected a senator on its lists in the elections in 1953 and 1958. Cianca served several times as the president of the board of arbitrators of Italian journalists. He died in Rome on 8 January 1966.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Cianca, Alberto 20th-century Italian journalists 1884 births 1966 deaths Action Party (Italy) politicians Government ministers of Italy Italian expatriates in France Italian expatriates in the United States Italian magazine editors Italian newspaper editors Italian Socialist Party politicians Members of the National Council (Italy) Members of Giustizia e Libertà Senators of Legislature II of Italy Senators of Legislature III of Italy Politicians from Rome