Albert Fraenkel (10 March 1848,

Frankfurt/Oder Frankfurt (Oder), also known as Frankfurt an der Oder (, ; Marchian dialects, Central Marchian: ''Frankfort an de Oder,'' ) is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Brandenburg after Potsdam, Cottbus and Brandenburg an der Havel. With a ...

– 6 July 1916,

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

) was a German

physician A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Med ...

. He received his education at the

gymnasium (school) ''Gymnasium'' (and Gymnasium (school)#By country, variations of the word) is a term in various European languages for a secondary school that prepares students for higher education at a university. It is comparable to the US English term ''U ...

of his native town and at the

University of Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin (, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany. The university was established by Frederick William III on the initiative of Wilhelm von Humbol ...

, whence he graduated as

doctor of medicine A Doctor of Medicine (abbreviated MD, from the Latin language, Latin ) is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions. In the United States, and some other countries, the ''MD'' denotes a professional degree of ph ...

in 1870. After having been assistant to Adolph Kussmaul,

Ludwig Traube Ludwig Traube may refer to: *Ludwig Traube (physician) (1818–1876), German physician and co-founder of experimental pathology in Germany *Ludwig Traube (palaeographer) (1861–1907), his son, German paleographer {{hndis, Traube, Ludwig ...

and

Ernst Viktor von Leyden Ernst Viktor von Leyden (20 April 1832 – 5 October 1910) was a German internist from Danzig. Biography He studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Institut in Berlin, and was a pupil of Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793–1864) and Lu ...

, he settled in the German capital, becoming a

lecturer Lecturer is an academic rank within many universities, though the meaning of the term varies somewhat from country to country. It generally denotes an academic expert who is hired to teach on a full- or part-time basis. They may also conduct re ...

at the university in 1877. He was a nephew of Traube, the third volume of whose "''Gesammelte Beiträge zur Pathologic und Physiologic''" he published in 1878. Fraenkel received the title of professor in 1884, and became director of the medical department of the Am Urbanplatz Hospital, Berlin.

Literary works

Following in the footsteps of Traube, Fraenkel's first works were on experimental

pathology Pathology is the study of disease. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatme ...

, among them being the following: * "''Ueber den Einfluss der Verminderten Sauerstoffzufuhr zu den Geweben auf den Eiweiszerfall ()''", in Virchow's "Archiv," vol. lxvii; * with

, "''Ueber die Grösse der Kohlensäureausscheidung im Fieber''", ib. vol. lxxvi; * with J. Geppert, "''Ueber die Wirkungen der Verdünnten Luft auf den Organismus''", Berlin, 1873; After becoming lecturer at the university his field of special research was the

disease A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function (biology), function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical condi ...

s of the

lungs The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in many animals, including humans. In mammals and most other tetrapods, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their function in the respiratory syste ...

and the

heart The heart is a muscular Organ (biology), organ found in humans and other animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels. The heart and blood vessels together make the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrie ...

. Of his essays and works in this area may be mentioned: * "''Bakteriologische Mittheilungen über die Actiologie der Pneumonie''", in "''Zeitsch. für Klinische Medizin''", vols. x. and xi., in which essay he was the first to expound the theory of the micrococci of

pneumonia Pneumonia is an Inflammation, inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as Pulmonary alveolus, alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of Cough#Classification, productive or dry cough, ches ...

; * "''Pathologie und Therapie der Krankheiten des Respirationsapparates''", 1890-1902; * "''Ueber Septikopyümische Erkrankungen, Speciell Akute Dermatomyositis''", 1894; * "''Ueber Akute Leukämie''", 1895; * "''Zur Pathologischen Anatomie des Bronchialasthma''", 1898. * His writings have appeared in the "''Charité Annalen''", "''Zeitschrift für Klinische Medizin''", "''Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift''", and "''

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift The ''Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift'' (''German Medical Weekly'') (''DMW'') is a German medical journal established in 1875 by . In the 1980s it was ranked 10th in the world in terms of its impact factor, but in the succeeding two decades the ...

''".

References

: * Pagel, '' Biographisches Lexikon'', s.v.,

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

, 1901; {{DEFAULTSORT:Frankel, Albert 19th-century German physicians People from Frankfurt (Oder) Physicians from the Province of Brandenburg 1848 births 1916 deaths