An Alabama's Colored Women's Club refers to any member of the Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club, including the "Ten Times One is Ten Club", the Tuskegee Women's Club, and the Anna M. Duncan Club of Montgomery. These earliest clubs united and created the Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club in 1899. By 1904, there were more than 26 clubs throughout Alabama. The most active ones were in Birmingham, Selma, Mobile, Tuskegee, Tuscaloosa, Eufaula, Greensboro, and Mt. Megis.

Early history

The first African American

women's club The club movement is an American women's social movement that started in the mid-19th century and spread throughout the United States. It established the idea that women had a moral duty and responsibility to transform public policy. While wome ...

Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...

, the "Ten Times One is Ten Club" was established in

Montgomery, Alabama Montgomery is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama. Named for Continental Army major general Richard Montgomery, it stands beside the Alabama River on the Gulf Coastal Plain. The population was 2 ...

in 1888. Laura Coleman, the founder, wanted to create a club to both improve the lives of the members and the community. It was followed by the Anna M. Duncan Club of Montgomery, established in 1897. Duncan funded the educational and civic club and during her lifetime, it was known as the Twentieth Century Club. The Duncan Club would continue its tradition of social service to the community into the twenty-first century.

Tuskegee Women's Club

Under the leadership of

Margaret Murray Washington Margaret Murray Washington (née Murray; March 9, 1865 – June 4, 1925) was an American educator who was the principal of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, which later became Tuskegee University. She also led women's clubs, inclu ...

the Tuskegee Women's Club was formed by female faculty and the wives of male faculty members of the

Tuskegee Institute Tuskegee University (Tuskegee or TU; formerly known as the Tuskegee Institute) is a Private university, private, Historically black colleges and universities, historically black land-grant university in Tuskegee, Alabama, United States. It was f ...

. Thirteen attended the first meeting of the club in 1895, which was meant to enlighten the members in both intellectual and moral ways. Meetings were held twice a month and new teachers were encouraged to join. Since the members were part of the academic arena, the services were related to learning and education. The Tuskegee Women's Club also helped to form new communities and construct social services. One of its pioneer actions was to provide educational and social services to the poor inhabitants of a plantation settlement.

Tuskegee Mothers' Club

One of the most successful projects of the Tuskegee Woman's Club was the sponsoring of the mothers' meeting or mothers' club. The idea of this project came up when Margaret Washington was attending the first Tuskegee Negro Conference in 1892. At the conference, her husband

Booker T. Washington Booker Taliaferro Washington (April 5, 1856November 14, 1915) was an American educator, author, and orator. Between 1890 and 1915, Washington was the primary leader in the African-American community and of the contemporary Black elite#United S ...

discussed the problems that the black male faced and gave possible solutions. This reminded Margaret Washington of the neglect of women at the time. She believed the women themselves did not realize how unimportant they were considered by their husbands and sons, and so decided to work with the women in Tuskegee and the surrounding areas by forming the Mothers' Club. There, the club worked to improve the education and grooming of local mothers. Many of them did not know their age, and they were helped to recall some incident which took place around the time of their birth in order to figure out their age. Many mothers also lacked childcare options and brought their children along. Members of the club had greater self-esteem and learned to become economically independent.

Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club

was the organizer and the first president of the Alabama Federation of Colored Women's Club (AFCWC), which was established on December 29, 1899. Cornelia Bowen was the leader of the group early on. During the preliminary meeting of the club there were discussions of how to address the mounting reform problem; one of the pressing needs was to establish a

reformatory A reformatory or reformatory school is a youth detention center or an adult correctional facility popular during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Western countries. In the United Kingdom and United States, they came out of social concern ...

for African American youths. The club was very involved prison reform. The Federation was successful in getting young black prisoners released into the custody of its boys' school built at Mt. Meigs. Young lives were saved from prison by the supervision of Margaret Washington. This corrective school got less support from the state, as opposed to the white boys' reform school. The club members also supported the older prisoners with personal care and religious services. Alabama took over responsibility for the boys' reformatory school and AFCWC raised money for housing for young girls at Mt. Meigs. Prison reform being a national issue, the national office of the NACW eventually joined the program.

References

Sources

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External links

Yearbook of the Anna M. Duncan Club
{{Authority control African-American women's organizations Women's clubs in the United States History of women in Alabama Women's organizations based in the United States