Agustín Codazzi, or simply Codazzi, is a city and municipality of the

Department of Cesar Cesar Department (), or simply Cesar, () is a department of Colombia located in the north of the country in the Caribbean region, bordering to the north with the Department of La Guajira, to the west with the Department of Magdalena and Depar ...

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

. It was founded in 1784 by the Spanish Captain Salvador Felix de Arias with the name of ''El Pueblito del Espíritu Santo'' but later renamed after the Italian cartographer

Agostino Codazzi Giovanni Battista Agostino Codazzi (; 12 July 1793 – 7 February 1859), alternatively known in Latin America as Juan Bautista Agustín Codazzi (), was an Italo-Venezuelan soldier, scientist, geographer, cartographer, and governor of ...

, who died in this place in 1859. It is located along the

Serranía del Perijá The Serranía del Perijá, Cordillera de Perijá or Sierra de Perijá is a mountain range, an extension of the eastern Andean branch ( Cordillera Oriental), in northern South America, between Colombia and Venezuela, ending further north in the ...

, covering some of the area pertaining to the valley of the

Cesar River The Cesar River () is a river in northern Colombia which is a part of the Magdalena Basin. It flows through the Cesar-Ranchería Basin and separates the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta from the mountain ranges of the Serranía del Perijá, an exten ...

. In 1958 Codazzi was proclaimed a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

due to its rapid population increase in the 1950s and 1960s, triggered by an agricultural boom of

cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...

, that attracted people searching for jobs from many

departments of Colombia Colombia is a unitary state, unitary republic made up of thirty-two administrative divisions referred to as departments (Spanish language, Spanish: ''departamentos'', sing. ) and one Capital District (''Capital districts and territories, Distri ...

; mainly from Tolima, Huila, Santander, North Santander,

Antioquia Antioquia is the Spanish form of Antioch. Antioquia may also refer to: * Antioquia Department Antioquia () is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the central northwestern part of Colombia with a narrow section that borders th ...

, Cundinamarca, Bolivar and Magdalena. When this boom ended, the agroindustry opted for other products like

palm Palm most commonly refers to: * Palm of the hand, the central region of the front of the hand * Palm plants, of family Arecaceae ** List of Arecaceae genera **Palm oil * Several other plants known as "palm" Palm or Palms may also refer to: Music ...

sugar cane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fib ...

liquor Liquor ( , sometimes hard liquor), spirits, distilled spirits, or spiritous liquor are alcoholic drinks produced by the distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar that have already gone through ethanol fermentation, alcoholic ferm ...

s and

milk Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of lactating mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfeeding, breastfed human infants) before they are able to digestion, digest solid food. ...

products. In 2005 the municipality of Codazzi had approximately 52,219 inhabitants.Colombiassh.org: Census 2005: Codazzi
/ref>

Symbols

Coat of arms

The

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...

of the city is divided into four parts: the upper left shows an allegory of the religious festivals of the divine shepherdess; in the top right are the mountains of Perija; the bottom part shows the fruits and products of agriculture such as

coffee Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content, but decaffeinated coffee is also commercially a ...

corn Maize (; ''Zea mays''), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout Poaceae, grass that produces cereal grain. It was domesticated by indigenous peoples of Mexico, indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago ...

and

flowing from the horns, like the bows and

arrow An arrow is a fin-stabilized projectile launched by a bow. A typical arrow usually consists of a long, stiff, straight shaft with a weighty (and usually sharp and pointed) arrowhead attached to the front end, multiple fin-like stabilizers c ...

s that make memories to the Yukpa

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

, ancient inhabitants of their territory.

Flag

The flag of the municipality of Codazzi consists of two colors,

white White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...

and

green Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum. It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495570 nm. In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it is created by a com ...

. These colors highlight the high elevations of the Perijá mountains and cotton farming.

Other symbols

Cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...

is one of the symbols of the municipality for which it was called the white city of Colombia and that led to the highlight of

Agustín Codazzi Giovanni Battista Agostino Codazzi (; 12 July 1793 – 7 February 1859), alternatively known in Latin America as Juan Bautista Agustín Codazzi (), was an Italo-Venezuelan soldier, scientist, geographer, cartographer, and governor of ...

when this crop (between 1958 and 1975), became a Codazzi cotton in the capital of

and earned it the title of White City. In 1960, with planted, Codazzi became the first domestic producer of cotton, followed distantly by

Armero Armero is a municipality in the Tolima Department, Colombia. According to the National Department of Statistics of Colombia, 12,852 lived in the town in 2005. Its median temperature is 27 °C. It was founded in 1895, but was not officia ...

, Tolima, with . The area planted reached in 1975, but decreased rapidly with the later cotton crisis.

History

This town in the beginning (1700) was called "Holy Spirit" and

Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader or highest rank officer of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police depa ...

Salvador Felix Arias,

governor A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the ...

of Province of Santa Marta, founded it on land donated for that purpose (there are versions that Captain Felix Torres founded it in 1784). These lands were claimed by the local tribes who came from the

, forcing the captain to flee Salvador Arias. The creation of this municipality was given by the division of the municipality of Robles, with the priest Algezares Leandro Maria, who gave the name of

, in honor of the military and Italian geographer (year 1958). The town of Codazzi before reaching a municipality, was known and was part of the remembered Robles, time when the Father Leandro Algezares Maria began the quest for the disaggregation municipal today known nationally and internationally, as Agustín Codazzi or Codazzi simply. The creation of the municipality of Codazzi was proposed by

decree A decree is a law, legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, monarch, royal figure, or other relevant Authority, authorities, according to certain procedures. These procedures are usually defined by the constitution, Legislativ ...

no 179 of February 25, 1958 of the Government of the

Department of Magdalena Magdalena () is a department of Colombia, located in the north of the country by the Caribbean Sea, with more than 1.3 million people. The capital of the Magdalena Department is Santa Marta and was named after the Magdalena River. The depart ...

, then approved by Resolution No. 0265 of April 9, 1958 of the Ministry of Government and confirmed by Order No. 122 of November 12, 1958, issued by the Honorable Madeleine Departmental Assembly.

Codazzi

Augustine (also called Agostino) was son of Domingo Codazzi, draper and Bartolotti Constance. He was born on July 12, 1793, in the city of Lugo (Italy). During the period 1850–1859, Codazzi traveled through what is now Colombia with the Commission Corográfica, which was a group of geographers and naturalists in charge of mapping the country. But as he prepared to go along what is the Colombian Atlantic coast, a surprise malaria attack led to his death on February 7, 1859, in the town of the Holy Spirit, now called ''Codazzi'' in his honor.

Geography

Physical description

The municipality of Agustín Codazzi is located in the northern part of Cesar approximately 1 hour from the state capital,

Valledupar Valledupar () is a city and municipality in northeastern Colombia. It is the capital of Cesar Department. Its name, ''Valle de Upar'' (Valley of Upar), was established in honor of the Amerindian cacique who ruled the valley; ''Cacique Upar''. The ...

(). It consists of four districts, 23 villages and 42 districts. There are diverse climates in the area because part of its territory forms the mountains of Perijá.

Climate

Temperatures vary slightly in the region that is located in the tropical domain, where general weather characteristics are high temperatures and low annual thermal oscillation, yet varies also by the

altitude Altitude is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum (geodesy), datum and a point or object. The exact definition and reference datum varies according to the context (e.g., aviation, geometr ...

of the mountains. The municipality has two rainy seasons and two dry seasons throughout the year; average temperatures range around , between are not uncommon during the months of September to January. Hailstorms are present as the municipality is located to the left side of the mountains Serrania del Perijá, and these months have dense rainfall. As for temperatures, according to data accumulated by the IDEAM in the meteorologic station located just outside the town, the annual temperature is , with maximum and minimum range of , the highest temperature recorded in history was on August 29, 2008, and a low of . The hottest month is July, with an average of , and the coolest months are December and January to .

Limits of the municipality

Borders on the north in the municipality are at

La Paz La Paz, officially Nuestra Señora de La Paz (Aymara language, Aymara: Chuqi Yapu ), is the seat of government of the Bolivia, Plurinational State of Bolivia. With 755,732 residents as of 2024, La Paz is the List of Bolivian cities by populati ...

and

San Diego San Diego ( , ) is a city on the Pacific coast of Southern California, adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a population of over 1.4 million, it is the List of United States cities by population, eighth-most populous city in t ...

, on the south at the municipality of

Becerril Becerril or Becerril de Campos is a town and municipality of the Colombian Department of Cesar. Geography The municipality of Becerril borders to the east with the country of Venezuela where the Serranía del Perijá mountain ranges is shared ...

, on the west with the municipality of El Paso, and the east with the

, serving as a natural limit between Colombia and Venezuela.

Political-administrative structure

Agustín Codazzi is the capital of the homonymous municipality and in turn is one of the main cities of the

. The municipality is divided into 4 districts, 23 villages, 42 districts, one urban and one whole family.

Administrative divisions

* Casacara * Llerasca * San Jacinto * Sicarare

Administrative sub-divisions

* La Aguacatera * Agua bonita * Alto Sicarare * Arroyo Seco * Los Manguitos * Fernambuco Medio * Zorro Cuco * La Europa * Punta Arrecha * Candela Abajo * Coco Solo * Candela * Caño Frio * El Paraiso * El Once * Espíritu Santo * El Milagro * El Zaino * Iroka * Loma fresca * La Duda * Buenos Aires * Begoña * Caño Seco * La Palizada * Las Vegas * La Sonora * La Frontera * Nueve de Abril * Makencal * San Jacinto * Sicarare Medio * Sicarare Bajo * San Miguel * Siete de Agosto * El Pozón * Platanal * Fernambuco * Terranova * La Hondina * La Esperanza * La Iberia * Hoyo Caliente * Carrizal * Guamal

Neighborhoods

* Atanasio Giralrdot * Aida Quintero * Buenos Aires * El Bosque * El Centro * El Carmen * El Tesorro * El Socorro * Las Delicias * La Antillana * Las Flores * Martinez Barboza * Primero de Mayo * Camilo Torres * 15 de Noviembre * San Vicente * San Ramón * Santa María * San José * El Estadio * Santa Rita * José Antonio Galán * Villa Esther * Las Palmeras * Barrio Nuevo * El Juguete * Los Laureles * Machiques * Las Margaritas * El Obrero * La Frontera Uno * La Frontera Dos

Branches of government

, legal matters are at the first municipal court of the attorney general of the nation. At the municipal level, executive power is exercised by the Mayor and City Council, elected by popular vote for a four-year period.

Defense

;Police The city houses the Municipal Police Department, which coordinates all activities aimed at controlling and maintaining public safety. The National Police

has personnel assigned to patrol roads, setting up checkpoints and surveillance of public events in the city are particularly busy at times of the Festival Vallenato Played on Guitars and Livestock Show. ;Army In the jurisdiction of

is the artillery battalion for high mountains, attached to the 10th Brigade of the

National Army of Colombia The National Army of Colombia () is the land warfare service branch of the Military Forces of Colombia. With over 361,420 active personnel as of 2020, it is the largest and oldest service branch in Colombia, and is the second largest army in the ...

Valledupar Metropolitan

The municipality of

project is part of Valledupar metropolitan area as the conurbation that has at its core to Valledupar; its other members are:

Peace Peace is a state of harmony in the absence of hostility and violence, and everything that discusses achieving human welfare through justice and peaceful conditions. In a societal sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (suc ...

, Manaure Balcon del Cesar,

. It was created in 2005 and has an estimated total population by DANE in 2010 of 504,868 inhabitants.

Transport

Road infrastructure

The road network

is structured as a hexagon whose center is the race 16. The city uses three national highways: north, from

through the roundabout guitars, on the south, the road is entered from

Bucaramanga Bucaramanga () is the capital and largest city of the department of Santander Department, Santander, Colombia. Bucaramanga has the fifth-largest economy by GDP in Colombia, has the lowest unemployment rate and is the ninth most populous city i ...

- Augustine Codazzi, to the north is the national route linking with

and Guajira. Other roads and a four-lane dual carriageway are the Eastern Alternative.

Urban transport

In Agustín Codazzi, there are urban transport undertakings: Cootraturiscod, this company is cooperative and intercommunicate type for different city neighborhoods, especially towards the center where they develop the administrative, financial and commercial city.

Intermunicipal transportation

Agustín Codazzi is served by companies covering permanent routes especially

La Guajira La Guajira () is a departments of Colombia, department of Colombia. It occupies most of the Guajira Peninsula in the northeast region of the country, on the Caribbean Sea and bordering Venezuela, at the northernmost tip of South America. The ca ...

, Aguachica,

and the mining area and the rest of the department.

Interdepartmental transportation

Agustín Codazzi has long-range transport companies with regular daily departures to:

Bogotá Bogotá (, also , , ), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá (; ) during the Spanish Imperial period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital city, capital and largest city ...

, Cartagena,

Riohacha Riohacha (; Wayuu: ) is a city in the Riohacha Municipality in the northern Caribbean Region of Colombia by the mouth of the Ranchería River and the Caribbean Sea. It is the capital city of the La Guajira Department. It has a sandy beach wa ...

, and the surrounding towns.

Energy

There is a substation located west of the city belonging to the company that distributes electricity, Transelca, for 100% of households Codacenses; electrical energy distributed in the city belongs to the national electrical interconnection. Since the incoming administration begins to think about the development of large enterprises and promoting industry, but the municipality currently has no such capacity despite large coal deposits nearby.

Drinking water and sanitation

;Aqueduct In the city of Agustín Codazzi, water service coverage is 95%. Water is taken from the river Magiriaimo, and service delivery is in charge of the business department "Aguas del Cesar". ;Sewerage Agustín Codazzi has a 97% sewerage coverage. The residual water is driven home through underground piping to two systems of wastewater treatment. Wastewater from the city receives primary and secondary treatments that leave the water suitable for dumping at Cesar River. ;Solid waste management The collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste is handled by the company Interaseo SA ESP. The home collection is performed by a fleet of 16 trucks and 25 compactors cubic yards, the company has for the ongoing sweep city streets and public spaces by personnel directly on the streets. For final disposal has Municipal Landfill located in northeastern recently rebuilt and operated efficiently without compromising the environment or public health.

Education

In the city there are located one CERES, as a city in the Regional Headquarters of the Popular University of Cesar (UPC), with different careers grouped in faculties of Engineering and Technology (

Agribusiness Agribusiness is the industry, enterprises, and the field of study of value chains in agriculture and in the bio-economy, in which case it is also called bio-business or bio-enterprise. The primary goal of agribusiness is to maximize profit ...

Professional Technical, Professional Technical Professional and Technical Systems in Electronics), also is expected to begin in a few years issued valuable career regionally and nationally.

Ecology

As a scientific discipline the

ecology Ecology () is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms and their Natural environment, environment. Ecology considers organisms at the individual, population, community (ecology), community, ecosystem, and biosphere lev ...

cannot dictate what is "good" or "bad", even so, consider that the maintenance of the

biodiversity Biodiversity is the variability of life, life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and Phylogenetics, phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distribut ...

and goals have provided the scientific basis for expressing the aims of environmentalism and also has provided the methodology and terminology to express environmental problems. In the municipality of Agustín Codazzi, there is great interest in the preservation of the animals and plants, and have been campaigning for the preservation of the tributaries of the river Margiriaimo, which in their streams generate an

ecosystem An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by Organism, organisms in interaction with their Biophysical environment, environment. The Biotic material, biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and en ...

rich in various

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

of plants and animals.

Economy

It was known as the "white city of Colombia" for being located on a

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...

that was leading

production Production may refer to: Economics and business * Production (economics) * Production, the act of manufacturing goods * Production, in the outline of industrial organization, the act of making products (goods and services) * Production as a stat ...

in the

era. Agustin Codazzi, despite having lived in its passing various landmarks such as the cotton boom and having suffered the violence of armed groups outside the law, is now a municipality that is projected as the capital

agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...

energy Colombia, because in his

jurisdiction Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' and 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United States, the concept of jurisdiction applies at multiple level ...

is located on the first floor of

biodiesel Biodiesel is a renewable biofuel, a form of diesel fuel, derived from biological sources like vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled greases, and consisting of long-chain fatty acid esters. It is typically made from fats. The roots of bi ...

of Colombia and one of the first of

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

, similarly, is looming assembly plant

Alcohol fuel Various alcohols are used as fuel for internal combustion engines. The first four aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol) are of interest as fuels because they can be synthesized chemically or biologically, and they have ...

from the culture of

cassava ''Manihot esculenta'', common name, commonly called cassava, manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes. Although ...

industry. In addition, it is part of one of the projects

coal Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other Chemical element, elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal i ...

s the world's largest known as "The Rest", which will allow the multinational "Drummond" produce 50 million tonnes per year. This, without neglecting the agricultural and livestock that has always characterized the area, noting that it is the first municipality coffee producer in the Caribbean Region of Colombia, with more than , is the second largest city in breeding Cesar cattle heads over 132,000 and holds great potential fruit of Serrania existing in the Perijá.

Tourism

The Magiriaimo River is one of the sights of the town, and its surroundings having great diversity of plant and animal species, yet the hotel industry is not very important, and therefore its low growth, on the other hand in the municipality takes its own. The Vallenato festival, played on guitars, and the livestock fair attract large numbers of visitors from neighboring areas, mainly in Valledupar. These festivals are held in the months of August and November, respectively; during these days hotel occupancy can get to 100%. It is expected that in the coming years the municipality will have an "ECO-PARK" in the Perijá to protect flora, fauna and water sources found in the heights of the mountains, and this in turn would attract large numbers tourists ''naturaleza''. With the coal boom and agro-energy in the area, the hotel sector has decent growth for the coming years.

Festival Vallenato Music on Guitar

The municipality of Agustín Codazzi's main cultural and tourist event is the Festival Vallenato Music on Guitar. Established in 1987 in the air of traditional music trios, ride and merengue. It has run over 27 years and is made in the middle of August. It also celebrates the festivities of the "Virgin Divina Pastora". It is listed by the Ministry of

Culture Culture ( ) is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and Social norm, norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, Social norm, customs, capabilities, Attitude (psychology), attitudes ...

as one of the 17 traditional music festivals that are most important in the country. It was the first of its kind nationwide. Importantly, the event has a great acceptance by national

guitar The guitar is a stringed musical instrument that is usually fretted (with Fretless guitar, some exceptions) and typically has six or Twelve-string guitar, twelve strings. It is usually held flat against the player's body and played by strumming ...

ists and

composers A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. Etymology and defi ...

, and year after year has been increasing the number of participants, which has allowed the interest of the

media Media may refer to: Communication * Means of communication, tools and channels used to deliver information or data ** Advertising media, various media, content, buying and placement for advertising ** Interactive media, media that is inter ...

for coverage and dissemination of the event.

Twin cities

Lugo Lugo (, ) is a city in northwestern Spain in the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Galicia (Spain), Galicia. It is the capital of the Lugo (province), province of Lugo. The municipality had a population of 100,060 in 2024, ...

, Italy

References

External links

*
uniandes.edu.co
*
Codazzi official website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Agustin Codazzi, Cesar Municipalities of Cesar Department Populated places established in 1700 1700 establishments in the Spanish Empire