Adéodat Constant Adolphe Compère-Morel (5 October 1872 – 3 August 1941) was a

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with France ...

Socialist politician, agronomist, orator and writer. Characterized as a Marxist

doctrinaire During the Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830) and the July Monarchy (1830–1848), the Doctrinals (french: doctrinaires) were a group of French royalists who hoped to reconcile the monarchy with the French Revolution and power with liberty. Headed ...

, he was one of the founders of the

Socialist Party of France The Socialist Party (french: Parti socialiste , PS) is a French centre-left and social-democratic political party. It holds pro-European views. The PS was for decades the largest party of the "French Left" and used to be one of the two major po ...

(''Parti socialiste de France'', PSdF). A gifted propagandist, he was a particular expert on social reform in rural France and became viewed as his party's agrarian specialist. He was an associate of the likes of revolutionary Marxist socialist journalist and literary critic

Paul Lafargue Paul Lafargue (; 15 January 1842 – 25 November 1911) was a Cuban- Haitian revolutionary Marxist socialist, political writer, economist, journalist, literary critic, and activist; he was Karl Marx's son-in-law having married his second d ...

and authored many books and papers, several of which were partly written with Lafargue. His best known and most influential work was ''Encyclopédie socialiste syndicale et coopérative de l'International ouvrière'', published in 1912.

Biography

Compère-Morel was born at Breteuil,

Oise Oise ( ; ; pcd, Oése) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called ''Oisiens'' () or ''Isariens'', after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,419 ...

, northern

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan ar ...

on 5 October 1872. His father was a gardener. In 1891, he belonged to the

French Workers' Party The French Workers' Party (french: Parti Ouvrier Français, POF) was the French socialist party created in 1880 by Jules Guesde and Paul Lafargue, Karl Marx's son-in-law (famous for having written '' The Right to Be Lazy'', which criticized w ...

(''Parti Ouvrier Français'', PDF), and then joined the Socialist Party of France during the merger of 1902, which was followed by the 1905 merger with the

French Section of the Workers' International The French Section of the Workers' International (french: Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière, SFIO) was a political party in France that was founded in 1905 and succeeded in 1969 by the modern-day Socialist Party. The SFIO was fou ...

(''Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière'', SFIO). At the 1920 SFIO

Tours Congress The Tours Congress was the 18th National Congress of the French Section of the Workers' International, or SFIO, which took place in Tours on 25–30 December 1920. During the Congress, the majority voted to join the Third International and create t ...

, he chose to remain in the ranks of the SFIO rather than leave with other members who went on to found the

French Communist Party The French Communist Party (french: Parti communiste français, ''PCF'' ; ) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of communism. The PCF is a member of the Party of the European Left, and its MEPs sit in the European Un ...

(''Parti communiste français'', PCF). After failing three times as parliamentary candidate in his home department, in 1898, 1902, and 1906, he was elected to the

Chamber of Deputies of France Chamber of Deputies (french: Chambre des députés) was a parliamentary body in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: * 1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house o ...

representing Gard,

département In the administrative divisions of France, the department (french: département, ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the communes. Ninety- ...

, in April 1909, under the SFIO. He was consistently re-elected until 1936, when he retired for health reasons. From 1910 to 1936, he served within six successive parliaments, chairing the Regulations Committee from 1932. His terms representing the Chamber of Deputies were 25 April 1909 - 24 April 1910 (SFIO), 24 April 1910 - 26 April 1914 (SFIO), 26 April 1914 - 16 November 1919 (SFIO), 16 November 1919 - 11 May 1924 (SFIO), 11 May 1924 - 29 April 1928 (SFIO), 29 April 1928 - 8 May 1932 (SFIO), and 8 May 1932 - 1936 (First SFIO, then PSdF). In 1921, when the daily newspaper ''

L'Humanité ''L'Humanité'' (; ), is a French daily newspaper. It was previously an organ of the French Communist Party, and maintains links to the party. Its slogan is "In an ideal world, ''L'Humanité'' would not exist." History and profile Pre-World Wa ...

'' rallied behind the PCF, Compère-Morel and

Léon Blum André Léon Blum (; 9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950) was a French socialist politician and three-time Prime Minister. As a Jew, he was heavily influenced by the Dreyfus affair of the late 19th century. He was a disciple of French Socialist lea ...

became the political leaders of the French socialist daily ''

Le Populaire ''Le Populaire'' is a major independent daily newspaper in Senegal Senegal,; Wolof: ''Senegaal''; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Senegaali); Arabic: السنغال ''As-Sinighal'') officially the Republic of Senegal,; Wolof ...

'', the official journal of the SFIO. At the 1933 SFIO Congress in Paris, which led to the exclusion of fringe party members, Compère-Morel,

Marcel Déat Marcel Déat (7 March 1894 – 5 January 1955) was a French politician. Initially a socialist and a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), he led a breakaway group of right-wing ' Neosocialists' out of the SFIO in 1933 ...

Adrien Marquet Adrien Marquet (6 October 1884 – 3 February 1955) was a socialist mayor of Bordeaux who turned to the far right. Career Marquet was born in Bordeaux and became its socialist mayor in 1925. In 1933, he was expelled from the French Section of ...

, and

Pierre Renaudel Pierre Renaudel (19 December 1871 – 1 April 1935) was a French socialist politician and journalist. Biography He served as central committee member of the League of Human Rights (''Ligue des droits de l'homme'', LDH), was a founder and '' ...

joined the

Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union The Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union (french: Parti socialiste de France-Union Jean Jaurès, PSdF) was a political party in France founded in 1933 during the late Third Republic which united the right-wing of the French Section ...

(PSdF–Jean Jaurès Union), the right-wing of the SFIO. Compère-Morel was a very able propagandist, and as an expert in agrarian issues, he attempted to spread socialist reforms throughout rural France. He was an associate of the likes of revolutionary Marxist socialist journalist and literary critic

and published several books and papers on socialist reform with him. After the collapse of France in June 1940, Compère-Morel supported the collaboration policy of

Philippe Pétain Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), commonly known as Philippe Pétain (, ) or Marshal Pétain (french: Maréchal Pétain), was a French general who attained the position of Marshal of France at the end of Worl ...

. He died at

Sernhac Sernhac is a commune in the Gard department in southern France. Population See also *Communes of the Gard department This is a list of the 351 communes of the Gard department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommun ...

, Gard, in what was then southern

Vichy France Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the Fascism, fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of ...

in the following year.

Works

Compère-Morel published a significant number of books and essays on socialism and agricultural reform. He was a particular expert on rural France, who became viewed as his party's agrarian specialist. His most significant published works were his encyclopedia and his dictionary. '' Encyclopédie socialiste syndicale et coopérative de l'International ouvrière'' was published between 1912 and 1921 in 12 volumes, edited in part in collaboration with Jean Lorris.Encyclopédie socialiste, syndicale et coopérative de l'Internationale ouvrière
in

HathiTrust HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries including content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally ...

retrieved 11 May 2012 He wrote the sections on

Charles Rappoport Charles Rappoport (14 June 1865 – 17 November 1941) was a Russian and French militant communist politician, journalist and writer. A Jewish intellectual, and a multilingual scholar, he's been referred to as "a grand man of French radicalism". ...

, Paul-Louis,

Hubert Rouger Hubert Rouger (October 6, 1875, Calvisson (Gard) – 21 September 1958, Nîmes) was a French politician and socialist activist. First a winemaker, in 1905 he became director of a printing cooperative in Nîmes. A socialist activist, he contri ...

Jean Longuet Jean-Laurent-Frederick Longuet (5 October 1876 – 11 September 1938) was a French socialist politician and journalist. He was Karl Marx's grandson. Early years Jean, often called 'Johnny' as a boy by his family, was born in London on October 5 ...

, Jean-Baptiste Séverac,

Pierre Brizon Pierre Brizon (16 May 1878 – 1 August 1923) was a French teacher, national deputy, internationalist and pacifist. He was subject to violent attacks in the press and parliament for speaking out against the fighting during World War I. Early care ...

, and Ernest Poisson. His dictionary, ''Grand dictionnaire socialiste du mouvement politique et économique national et international'', was published in 1924.

Publications

*''Du Socialisme, par le citoyen Compère-Morel'' (1894) *''La vérité aux paysans, par un campagnard'' with Georges Renard (1897) *''Les propos d'un rural: Texte imprimé'' with

(1905) *''Concentration capitaliste, organisation collectiviste'' (1906) *''L'Exploitation agricole et le socialisme'' (1907) *''La Question agraire en France'' (1908) *''Les Propos d'un rural'' (1908) *''Le socialisme et les paysans'' (1909) *''Le vrai socialisme: conférence faite à Lyon, salle Etienne Dollet'' (1911) *''Questions d'hier et d'aujourd'hui: le réformisme bourgeois'' (1911) *''L'Action syndicale. Discours'' (1911) *''Le socialisme aux champs'' (1912) *''Le Socialisme chez les travailleurs de la terre'' (1912) *''Encyclopédie socialiste syndicale et coopérative de l'International ouvrière'' with Jean Lorris (1912) *''Librairie du Parti socialiste'' (1913) *''La production agricole pendant la guerre'' (1918) *''Le programme socialiste de réformes agraires'' (1919) *''Socialisme et Bolchevisme. Pourquoi nous n'avons-pas adhéré à ...'' (1921) *''Pour les travailleurs de la terre: discours prononcé à la Chambre'' (1922) *''Grand dictionnaire socialiste du mouvement politique et économique national et international'' (1924) *''La Civilisation en péril. Le Massacre des hommes'' with

(1930) *''La Petite propriété paysanne et le socialisme'' (1931) *''Jules Guesde: le socialisme fait homme, 1845-1922'' (1937) *''Le Socialisme et la terre'' (1938) *''Le socialisme rural''

References

External links

Adéodat Constant Adolphe Compère-Morel
at the National Assembly of France
Adéodat Constant Adolphe Compère-Morel
at

WorldCat WorldCat is a union catalog that itemizes the collections of tens of thousands of institutions (mostly libraries), in many countries, that are current or past members of the OCLC global cooperative. It is operated by OCLC, Inc. Many of the O ...

Encyclopédie socialiste, syndicale et coopérative de l'Internationale ouvrière
in

{{DEFAULTSORT:Compere-Morel, Adeodat 1872 births 1941 deaths People from Oise Politicians from Hauts-de-France French Workers' Party politicians Socialist Party of France (1902) politicians French Section of the Workers' International politicians Socialist Party of France – Jean Jaurès Union politicians Socialist Republican Union politicians Members of the 9th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 10th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 11th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 13th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic French agronomists French Marxists French male writers