Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)“Advancing Aerial Mobility: A National Blueprint” ''National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine''. 2020. is an air transport system. According to the Advanced Aviation Infrastructure Modernization Act, Advanced Air Mobility is defined as an air transportation system that transports individuals and property between points using aircraft, such as remotely piloted, autonomous, or vertical take-off and landing aircraft. This includes those powered by electric or hybrid-electric propulsion in both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. AAM seeks to integrate

Unmanned Aerial Systems An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), which includes adding a ground-based controll ...

(UAS) and

sustainable Specific definitions of sustainability are difficult to agree on and have varied in the literature and over time. The concept of sustainability can be used to guide decisions at the global, national, and individual levels (e.g. sustainable livin ...

aircraft like electric Vertical take-off and Landing (

eVTOL An electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft is a variety of VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) aircraft that uses electric power to hover, take off, and land vertically. This technology came about thanks to major advances in elec ...

s) into the sovereign airspace of nations throughout the world. This requires the development of the physical infrastructure of vertiports as well as the evolution of the digital infrastructure of a highly

automated Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes, namely by predetermining decision criteria, subprocess relationships, and related actions, as well as embodying those predeterminations in machines ...

framework of operations, i.e. UAS Traffic Management (UTM). Volocopter at IAA 2017 1

AAM is an overarching term that combines both Urban Air Mobility (UAM), which involves transporting persons and cargo above the traffic within a city, an
Regional Air Mobility
(RAM) which is focused more on connecting suburbs, villages, and small towns in the countryside as well as islands or communities separated by mountainous regions and rivers. While UAM has attracted the majority of attention and investment, the initial rollout of AAM operations will likely start in more remote, rural settings to minimize collateral damage in the event of a mishap. AAM includes and expands upon the principles of UAM into applications beyond the urban environment:"Urban Air Mobility and Advanced Air Mobility". ''Federal Aviation Administration''. United States Department of Transportation. Retrieved 23 December 2022. * Intra-city airborne transportation * Inter-city airborne transportation * Cargo delivery * Public services * Private / Recreational vehicles In February 2020, the

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (also known as NASEM or the National Academies) are the collective scientific national academy of the United States. The name is used interchangeably in two senses: (1) as an umbrell ...

published a report that expanded the scope of the developing UAM concept beyond midtown Manhattan use cases. Since March 2020, UAM has been considered a key element of the broader concept known as Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), as defined by the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding ...

(NASA). Just four months later, in July 2020, the

Federal Aviation Administration The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic m ...

(FAA) formally adopted the umbrella term 'Advanced Air Mobility.' According to a May 2021 market valuation by

Morgan Stanley Morgan Stanley is an American multinational investment management and financial services company headquartered at 1585 Broadway in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. With offices in more than 41 countries and more than 75,000 employees, the f ...

, AAM is projected to be worth $1

trillion ''Trillion'' is a number with two distinct definitions: * 1,000,000,000,000, i.e. one million million, or (ten to the twelfth power), as defined on the short scale. This is now the meaning in both American and British English. * 1,000,000,00 ...

US dollars by 2040 and up to $9 trillion a decade later. However, the consulting firm ''Drone Industry Insights'', which primarily focuses on the commercial drone market, offers a more conservative forecast of $20.8 billion by 2035, with a

CAGR Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a business and investing specific term for the geometric progression ratio that provides a constant rate of return over the time period. CAGR is not an accounting term, but it is often used to describe some ele ...

of 22.1%.

History

Aside from the term's origin, it is not easy to pinpoint exactly when or where the spirit of Advanced Air Mobility first developed. A video depiction of a passenger-carrying

concept aircraft dubbed

Puffin Puffins are any of three species of small alcids ( auks) in the bird genus ''Fratercula''. These are pelagic seabirds that feed primarily by diving in the water. They breed in large colonies on coastal cliffs or offshore islands, nesting in c ...

was shared online by NASA on November 11, 2009. Several early eVTOL working prototypes garnered investment from

Google Google LLC () is an American Multinational corporation, multinational technology company focusing on Search Engine, search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, software, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, ar ...

co-founder

Larry Page Lawrence Edward Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American business magnate, computer scientist and internet entrepreneur. He is best known for co-founding Google with Sergey Brin. Page was the chief executive officer of Google from 1997 u ...

. In the Fall of 2016,

Uber Uber Technologies, Inc. (Uber), based in San Francisco, provides mobility as a service, ride-hailing (allowing users to book a car and driver to transport them in a way similar to a taxi), food delivery ( Uber Eats and Postmates), pack ...

launched the project Elevate to explore offering on-demand air transportation. Three years later,
Uber Copter
services began in

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the U ...

using traditional

helicopter A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forward, backward and laterally. These attribut ...

s. Later, a grassroots protest called ''Stop the Chop'' demanded that non-essential helicopter flights cease because they caused excessive

noise pollution Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them are harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mai ...

and

air pollution Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different type ...

. NASA acoustic testing concluded that AAM eVTOLs are "vastly quieter than helicopters".

McKinsey McKinsey & Company is a global management consulting firm founded in 1926 by University of Chicago professor James O. McKinsey, that offers professional services to corporations, governments, and other organizations. McKinsey is the oldest and ...

aerospace exper
Kersten Heineke
noted that electric aircraft are "completely emission-free". The

COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identified ...

and resulting lockdown in 2020 hampered growth throughout the emerging aviation market globally. During the pandemic, there was a substantial increase in the number and value of investments that companies in the eVTOL and drone delivery markets received.

AAM by country

China

In 2019, Chinese manufacturer

EHang Guangzhou EHang Intelligent Technology Co. Ltd is a company based in Guangzhou, China that develops and manufactures autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) and passenger AAVs which have entered service in China for aerial cinematography, photograph ...

engaged in extensive passenger flight testing with autonomous eVTOLs. The

Civil Aviation Administration of China The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC; ) is the Chinese civil aviation authority under the Ministry of Transport. It oversees civil aviation and investigates aviation accidents and incidents. As the aviation authority responsible f ...

is currently reviewing the certification of their 'EH216-S' eVTOL aircraft model. Certification is projected to be complete in January 2023 which will likely make the 'EH216-S' the first unmanned, passenger-carrying eVTOL to operate in the world. As of December 19, 2022, EHang has earned an AAM Reality Index score of 8.1 making it the second most prepared eVTOL manufacturer. Drone Mavic Pro may2020

Germany

European multinational corporation

Airbus Airbus SE (; ; ; ) is a European multinational aerospace corporation. Airbus designs, manufactures and sells civil and military aerospace products worldwide and manufactures aircraft throughout the world. The company has three divisions: '' ...

is collaborating with the

University of Stuttgart The University of Stuttgart (german: Universität Stuttgart) is a leading research university located in Stuttgart, Germany. It was founded in 1829 and is organized into 10 faculties. It is one of the oldest technical universities in Germany wi ...

and

Diehl Aerospace Diehl Aerospace GmbH is an interiors and avionics specialist. Headquartered in Überlingen, Germany, the company is organised as a joint venture between the German Diehl Group and the French Thales Group. Diehl Aerospace was founded in 2006 vi ...

to engage in research for their Air Mobility Initiative. In 2022, ILA Berlin hosted discussions on the future of UAS regulations. The Chinese subsidiary of

Volkswagen Volkswagen (),English: , . abbreviated as VW (), is a German motor vehicle manufacturer headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. Founded in 1937 by the German Labour Front under the Nazi Party and revived into a global brand post ...

announced plans to build AAM aircraft for wealthy customers in

Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...

. German eVTOL manufacturers,

Volocopter Volocopter GmbH (formerly called E-Volo GmbH) is a German aircraft manufacturer based in Bruchsal (near Karlsruhe) and founded by Alexander Zosel and Stephan Wolf. The company specializes in the design of electric multirotor helicopters in the f ...

and

Lilium Jet The Lilium Jet is a prototype German electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) electrically powered airplane designed by Lilium GmbH. A seven-seat production version is planned. History Initial design studies included forward-folding win ...

, rank tied for 3rd and tied for 4th in the world for the AAM Reality Index, respectively. Lilium plans to build the first American vertiport outside the City of

Orlando Orlando () is a city in the U.S. state of Florida and is the county seat of Orange County. In Central Florida, it is the center of the Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 2,509,831, according to U.S. Census Bureau figures r ...

, Florida.

Spain

The Spanish National Academy of Police in Avila celebrated a successful public maiden flight of the 'EH216-S' by Chinese manufacturer

in December 2022, making Spain the first nation in the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been ...

to operate an eVTOL for

public safety Public security or public safety is the prevention of and protection from events that could endanger the safety and security of the public from significant danger, injury, or property damage. It is often conducted by a state government to ensur ...

. Local

UAV An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone, is an aircraft without any human pilot, crew, or passengers on board. UAVs are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), which includes adding a ground-based controller ...

manufacture
Umiles Next
tested its prototype 'Integrity3' and demonstrated competent collision-avoidance systems as part of a U-space initiative. According to the

European Aviation Safety Agency The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is an agency of the European Union (EU) with responsibility for civil aviation safety. It carries out certification, regulation and standardisation and also performs investigation and monitori ...

(EASA), U-space includes "all the services required to ensure AVsoperate effectively, safely, and securely." Spanish multinational corporation

Ferrovial Ferrovial, S.A. (), previously Grupo Ferrovial, is a Spanish multinational company involved in the design, construction, financing, operation (DBFO) and maintenance of transport infrastructure and urban services. It is a publicly traded company ...

ranks tied 2nd in the world for AAM vertiport infrastructure readiness alongsid
Urban-Air Port
in the UK an
BETA
in the US.

South Korea

Supernal, a division of

Hyundai Motor Group The Hyundai Motor Group (HMG; ; ; stylized as HYUΠDAI) is a South Korean ''chaebol'' (loosely similar to a multinational conglomerate but without a central holding company or ownership structure) headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The HMG ...

ranks tied for 9th in the world for the AAM Reality Index. American multinational corporation

Honeywell Honeywell International Inc. is an American publicly traded, multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. It primarily operates in four areas of business: aerospace, building technologies, performance ma ...

has agreed to integrate its 'Anthem' avionics into the Supernal flight deck
MintAir
along wit
Jaunt Air Mobility
an American-Canadian subsidiary of AIRO Group, signed an eVTOL

Letter of Intent A letter of intent (LOI or LoI, or Letter of Intent) is a document outlining the understanding between two or more parties which they intend to formalize in a legally binding agreement. The concept is similar to a heads of agreement, term sh ...

to collaborate for the "safest air taxi configuration that is operationally efficient, quiet, and sustainable," according to MintAir CEO, Eugene Choi.

Brazil

FlyBIS Aviation, a Brazilian Advanced Air Mobility start-up based out of

Caxias do Sul Caxias do Sul (), is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, situated in the state's mountainous Serra Gaúcha region. It was established by Italian immigrants on June 20, 1890. Today it is the second largest city in the state of Rio Gran ...

, has teamed up with

Eve Air Mobility Eve Air Mobility is a Brazilian subsidiary of Embraer which produces electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft and urban air mobility infrastructure. The company was founded on 15 October 2020. EVE is a brand that was idealized by t ...

, a division of

Embraer Embraer S.A. () is a Brazilian multinational aerospace manufacturer that produces commercial, military, executive and agricultural aircraft, and provides aeronautical services. It was founded in 1969 in São José dos Campos, São Paulo, whe ...

, to ensure that mass transportation options are a "more accessible and cleaner experience", according to Co-founder Gustavo Zanettini. In 2021, Eve signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Portuguese multinational corporation

EDP Group EDP - Energias de Portugal (formerly Electricidade de Portugal) is a Portuguese electric utilities company, headquartered in Lisbon. It was founded in 1976 through the merger of 14 nationalised electricity companies. History EDP was founded as ' ...

to share research for optimal charging techniques. Eve Air Mobility ranks 7th in the world among eVTOL manufacturers, according to the December 2022 AAM Reality Index.

Switzerland

The mission of the UAM Association Switzerland is to "accelerate the transition by connecting stakeholders and informing the public." Swis
Dufour Aerospace
earned an AAM Reality Index score of 5.2 for its "Aero3" aircraft. Example of aerial mapping footage from a drone over the Swiss Alps:

Australia

In 2022, the Australian

Civil Aviation Safety Authority The Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) is the Australian national authority for the regulation of civil aviation. Although distinct from the government, it reports to the Federal Minister for Infrastructure and Transport. CASA is responsib ...

(CASA) set out a roadmap for the safe integration of RPAs and eVTOL aircraft among commercial aviation and recreational aviation for the next decade. Victoria Economic Development Minister Tim Pallas published his ''Advanced Air Mobility Industry Vision Statement'' with plans to engage with stakeholders in 2023. Infrastructure group
Skyportz
has been selected to build Australia's first vertiport in

Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/ Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a me ...

. March 2026 is expected to bring many spectators to Victoria for the

Commonwealth Games The Commonwealth Games, often referred to as the Friendly Games or simply the Comm Games, are a quadrennial international multi-sport event among athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. The event was first held in 1930 British Empire Game ...

, so the state government's work to foster a supportive AAM ecosystem is critical.

France

Groupe ADP Groupe ADP, formerly Aéroports de Paris or ADP (''Paris Airports''), is an international airport operator based in Paris (France). Groupe ADP owns and manages Parisian international airports Charles de Gaulle Airport, Orly Airport and Le Bourget ...

is the world's leading AAM vertiport infrastructure company with 4 locations already underway in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...

. Th
Paris Region Advanced Air Mobility Alliance
is seeking to reduce the environmental impact of mass transportation until the community reaches carbon-free aviation. French multinational corporation

Thales Group Thales Group () is a French multinational company that designs, develops and manufactures electrical systems as well as devices and equipment for the aerospace, defence, transportation and security sectors. The company is headquartered in Paris ...

has agreed to integrate its custom avionics solution into the

flight deck. French start-up
Ascendance Flight Technologies
shows early promise ranking at 15th in the AAM Reality Index.

Airbus Helicopters Airbus Helicopters SAS (formerly Eurocopter Group) is the helicopter manufacturing division of Airbus. It is the largest in the industry in terms of revenues and turbine helicopter deliveries. Its head office is located at Marseille Provence A ...

is also developing a flying taxi, CityAirbus NextGen, to enter into service between 2026 and 2030. The

2024 Olympic Games ) , nations = TBA , athletes = 10,500 ''(quota limit)'' , events = 329 in 32 sports (48 disciplines) , opening = 26 July 2024 , closing = 11 August 2024 , opened_by = , stadium = Stade de France Jardins du Trocadéro and River Seine , summer ...

will present an opportunity to showcase

eVTOL air taxi flights.

Sweden

Swedish start-up Heart Aerospace is pursuing the Regional Air Mobility market with its hybrid "ES-30" aircraft and earned a modest 5.1 score in the AAM Reality Index.

United Airlines United Airlines, Inc. (commonly referred to as United), is a major American airline headquartered at the Willis Tower in Chicago, Illinois.

is betting on the success of AAM as both a major customer and investor of Heart Aerospace, as well as

and Archer Aviation.

Japan

In Fall 2021,

Honda is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and power equipment, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, reaching a producti ...

announced its plans to enter the hybrid eVTOL market and shortly thereafter

Toyota is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...

decided to switch support from a local Japanese start-up to the American venture-backed company,

Joby Aviation Joby Aviation is a United States venture-backed aviation company, developing an electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft that it intends to operate as an air taxi service. Joby Aviation is headquartered in Santa Cruz, California, a ...

. The following year, SkyDrive secured a strategic partnership wit
Volatus Infrastructure
to develop AAM vertiports. Japan and the

MassDOT The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) oversees roads, public transit, aeronautics, and transportation licensing and registration in the US state of Massachusetts. It was created on November 1, 2009, by the 186th Session of t ...

Aeronautics Division are the only non-European governmental bodies to commit to AAM principles as fellow ''UIC2 International City/Region Partners'' along with communities across 15 European nations. In Summer 2022,

Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of cities in Japan, largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, ...

hosted the inaugural International Advanced Air Mobility Expo and according to the President of

Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce (always hyphenated) may refer to: * Rolls-Royce Limited, a British manufacturer of cars and later aero engines, founded in 1906, now defunct Automobiles * Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the current car manufacturing company incorporated ...

Japan, Susumu Kaminaga, AAM provides "some really interesting opportunities for passengers to travel more freely." Soon Japan will host the World

Expo 2025 is an upcoming World Expo organised and sanctioned by the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE), which will be held in Osaka, Japan. It will take place for six months during 2025, opening 13 April 2025 and closing 13 October 2025. This wi ...

Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...

and plans to orchestrate nearly 30,000 eVTOL air taxi flights to accommodate the incredible influx of international tourists.

Canada

Canadian simulation technology company

CAE Inc. CAE Inc. (formerly Canadian Aviation Electronics) is a Canadian manufacturer of simulation technologies, modelling technologies and training services to airlines, aircraft manufacturers, healthcare specialists, and defence customers. CAE was fou ...

and

forged a strategic partnership to produce the world's first AAM pilot training curriculum. In just a few years Canada will jointly host the World Cup 2026 with tens of thousands of football hooligans descending upon stadiums in

Vancouver Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. Th ...

and

Toronto Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most pop ...

so having AAM solutions in place beforehand is ideal.

United Arab Emirates

Construction will begin in

Dubai Dubai (, ; ar, دبي, translit=Dubayy, , ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, the most populated of the 7 emirates of the United Arab Emirates.The Government and Politics ...

in 2023 by Canadian vertiport infrastructure grou
VPorts
for an Advanced Air Mobility Integrator Center. The first of its kind, the 'Integrator Center' will facilitate testing for new eVTOL aircraft.

United Kingdom

Vertical Aerospace Vertical Aerospace is an aerospace manufacturer based in Bristol, England. It designs and builds zero emission, electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) electrically powered aircraft. History 2016 The company was founded in 2016 by St ...

is the top British eVTOL manufacturer with an AAM Reality Index score of 7.2, tied for the 8th position globally.

Virgin Atlantic Virgin Atlantic, a trading name of Virgin Atlantic Airways Limited and Virgin Atlantic International Limited, is a British airline with its head office in Crawley, England. The airline was established in 1984 as British Atlantic Airways, and ...

along with

Cranfield University Cranfield University is a British postgraduate public university, public research university specialising in science, engineering, design, technology and management. Cranfield was founded as the College of Aeronautics (CoA) in 1946. Through the 19 ...

and other key partners from industry and academia, have created the Advanced Mobility Ecosystem Consortium and earned a £9.5m grant by the UK's ''Future Flight Challenge''. According to the

World Economic Forum The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental and lobbying organisation based in Cologny, canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded on 24 January 1971 by German engineer and economist Klaus Schwab. The foundation, ...

, the world's first operational vertiport opened in April 2022 in

Coventry Coventry ( or ) is a city in the West Midlands, England. It is on the River Sherbourne. Coventry has been a large settlement for centuries, although it was not founded and given its city status until the Middle Ages. The city is governed ...

called Air-One.

United States

Before the end of 2020,

acquired the rights to project Elevate and in August 2021, the company went public on the

New York Stock Exchange The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed ...

. 2022 was an eventful year for Joby with a new eVTOL speed record, A prototype crash in rural California, achieving a milestone FAA Part 135 air service certification, and securing another major investor and strategic partner in

Delta Air Lines Delta Air Lines, Inc., typically referred to as Delta, is one of the major airlines of the United States and a legacy carrier. One of the world's oldest airlines in operation, Delta is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. The airline, along wi ...

. Joby, is tied with Beta Technologies and Volocopter with an industry leading AAM Reality Index score of 8.0, followed by Archer Aviation (ARI 7.9),

Wisk Aero Wisk Aero is an aerospace manufacturer based in Mountain View, California, United States. The company develops self-flying electric vertical take off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft designed to be operated as air taxis. The company was formed in ...

(ARI 7.4),

Pipistrel Pipistrel d.o.o Ajdovščina is a Slovenian light aircraft manufacturer established in 1989Or 1989... --> by Ivo Boscarol and based in Ajdovščina. Its facilities are located in Ajdovščina, Slovenia, and near the town of Gorizia, Italy. By M ...

(ARI 7.2) to round out the top ten best eVTOL manufacturers in the world for likelihood to reach operational service. The FAA plans to outline its path to fully operational air taxis before Summer 2023. The City of

Los Angeles Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the largest city in the state of California and the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, as well as one of the wor ...

(LA) hopes to be a model for other communities moving forward with the publication of a report, ''Integrating Advanced Air Mobility: A Primer for Cities'', with lessons learned from the recent past and careful considerations for the near future. LA will host the 2028 Olympic Games and global expectations will be at its highest to provide safe, quick, affordable, and sustainable transportation and comprehensive Advanced Air Mobility public services to residents and visitors alike. The

117th Congress The 117th United States Congress is the current meeting of the United States Congress, legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened ...

debated Bill 516, ''Advanced Air Mobility Coordination and Leadership Act''. In November 2023,

and

tested their respective eVTOLs in

, from the Downtown Manhattan Heliport.

Stakeholders

Due to the broad nature of the Advanced Air Mobility aviation ecosystem, it seems easiest to organize the key players by the market segment they will primarily support. However, there will undoubtedly be overlap in practice.

Intra-city airborne transportation

* Archer Aviation *

* Supernal * Jaunt Air Mobility * BETA Technologies Note: For an in-depth look at various

VTOL A vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft is one that can take off and land vertically without relying on a runway. This classification can include a variety of types of aircraft including helicopters as well as thrust-vectoring fixed-wi ...

aircraft power sources, propulsion, and flight controls, ''See'' Urban Air Mobility.

Inter-city airborne transportation

* Heart Aerospace Note: While Urban and Suburban Air Mobility utilize

aircraft within a greater metropolitan area, Rural and Regional Air Mobility utilize electric Short Take Off and Landing eSTOL aircraft because they are better suited for longer duration flights between cities and remote destinations.

Cargo delivery

UPS Flight Forward UPS Flight Forward Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of UPS (United Parcel Service) focused on drone delivery. The company was formally launched in July 2019, and on October 1, 2019, became the first company to receive the Federal Aviation Administ ...

ex. rapid drone delivery of medical supplies at

Wake Forest University Wake Forest University is a private university, private research university in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Founded in 1834, the university received its name from its original location in Wake Forest, North Carolina, Wake Forest, north of Rale ...

Hospital *

Amazon Amazon most often refers to: * Amazons, a tribe of female warriors in Greek mythology * Amazon rainforest, a rainforest covering most of the Amazon basin * Amazon River, in South America * Amazon (company), an American multinational technolog ...

ex. Prime Air drones promising "click to delivery" in under 1 hour

Public services.

* Fire Fighting ex. Scalable Traffic management for Emergency Response Operations (STEReO) * Search & Rescue ex.

FEMA The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS), initially created under President Jimmy Carter by Presidential Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978 and implemented by two Exec ...

and

Homeland Security Homeland security is an American national security term for "the national effort to ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards where American interests, aspirations, and ways of life can thrive" t ...

* Air Ambulance ex. Airborne Motor Works * Power Line Inspection ex. Xcel Energy * Vaccine Delivery ex. the Indian subsidiary of

led a successful trial during the

COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease quickl ...

pandemic. * Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Safety Testing ex. Native American

Choctaw Nation The Choctaw Nation ( Choctaw: ''Chahta Okla'') is a Native American territory covering about , occupying portions of southeastern Oklahoma in the United States. The Choctaw Nation is the third-largest federally recognized tribe in the United ...

BEYOND Program

Private / Recreational vehicles

Boeing The Boeing Company () is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, telecommunications equipment, and missiles worldwide. The company also provides leasing and ...

ex.

Boeing Passenger Air Vehicle The Boeing Passenger Air Vehicle (PAV) is an American autonomous personal air vehicle prototype developed by the Boeing NeXt division of Boeing with the assistance of Aurora Flight Sciences. Development Boeing subsidiary Aurora Flight Science ...

Note: 'Last mile' Passenger Air Vehicles aka

Personal Air Vehicle A personal air vehicle (PAV) is a proposed type of aircraft providing on-demand aviation services. The emergence of this alternative to traditional ground transport methods has been enabled by unmanned aerial vehicle technologies and electric p ...

s (PAVs) is a long-term goal of AAM intended to offer even greater convenience than the modern private car. PAVs will be highly automated and simple to operate, unlike flying

general aviation General aviation (GA) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as all civil aviation aircraft operations with the exception of commercial air transport or aerial work, which is defined as specialized aviation service ...

today, which requires extensive training time and money to earn a pilot's license and an ongoing investment to maintain currency.

References

{{reflist Aviation industry