Adrien Maurice de Noailles, 3rd

Duke of Noailles The title of Duke of Noailles is a French peerage created in 1663 for Anne de Noailles, Count of Ayen. History Noailles is the name of a prominent French noble family, derived from the castle of Noailles in the territory of Ayen, between Briv ...

(29 September 167824 June 1766) was a

French French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...

nobleman Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. T ...

and

soldier A soldier is a person who is a member of an army. A soldier can be a Conscription, conscripted or volunteer Enlisted rank, enlisted person, a non-commissioned officer, a warrant officer, or an Officer (armed forces), officer. Etymology The wo ...

Biography

Son of

Anne Jules de Noailles Anne Jules de Noailles, 2nd Duke of Noailles (5 February 16502 October 1708) was one of the chief generals of Kingdom of France, France towards the end of the reign of Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV, and, after raising the regiment of Noailles in ...

, he inherited the title duc de Noailles on his father's death in 1708. He fought in the

War of the Spanish Succession The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714. The immediate cause was the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700, which led to a struggle for control of the Spanish E ...

(1710–1713) during which the forces under his command on 24–26 July 1710 drove back a British attack on

Sète Sète (; , ), also historically spelled ''Cette'' (official until 1928) and ''Sette'', is a commune in the Hérault department, in the region of Occitania, southern France. Its inhabitants are called ''Sétois'' (male) and ''Sétoises'' (fem ...

. He was president of the Finance Council from 1715 to 1718. He distinguished himself in the

War of the Polish Succession The War of the Polish Succession (; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a civil war in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over the succession to Augustus II the Strong, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of ...

(1733–1738) and was made a

marshal of France Marshal of France (, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to General officer, generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) ...

in 1734, becoming dean of the marshals in 1748. He served in the

War of the Austrian Succession The War of the Austrian Succession was a European conflict fought between 1740 and 1748, primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italian Peninsula, Italy, the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Related conflicts include King Ge ...

and was appointed to command the French forces in March 1743. He was defeated at the

Battle of Dettingen The Battle of Dettingen took place on 27 June 1743 during the War of the Austrian Succession, near Karlstein am Main in Bavaria. An alliance composed of British, Hanoverian and Austrian troops, known as the Pragmatic Army, defeated a French ...

in June 1743, but successfully drove the

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

ns out of Alsace-Lorraine the following year, although he missed an opportunity to seriously damage the Austrian army as it was crossing the

Rhine The Rhine ( ) is one of the List of rivers of Europe, major rivers in Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein border, then part of the Austria–Swit ...

. The duc de Noailles was

Foreign Minister In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral r ...

from April to November 1744, and regarded

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European ...

as a greater enemy of France than Austria. He later acted in a

diplomatic Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents, especially historical documents. It focuses on the conventions, pr ...

capacity and had substantial influence over the course of foreign policy.

Family

In 1698, as comte d'Ayen, he married Françoise Charlotte Amable d'Aubigné, niece and beneficiary of the

marquise de Maintenon A marquess (; ) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife A wife ...

, and by her had six children, 4 daughters and 2 sons. His two sons

Louis, 4th duc de Noailles Louis de Noailles, 4th Duke of Noailles (21 April 1713 in Palace of Versailles, Versailles22 August 1793 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) was a Peerage of France, French peer and Marshal of France. Early life He was the son of Françoise Charlotte d'A ...

, and Philippe, duc de Mouchy, also went on to become marshals of France. The duc de Noailles was made a knight of the

Order of the Golden Fleece The Distinguished Order of the Golden Fleece (, ) is a Catholic order of chivalry founded in 1430 in Brugge by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, to celebrate his marriage to Isabella of Portugal, Duchess of Burgundy, Isabella of Portugal. T ...

in 1702, a

Grandee Grandee (; , ) is an official royal and noble ranks, aristocratic title conferred on some Spanish nobility. Holders of this dignity enjoyed similar privileges to those of the peerage of France during the , though in neither country did they ha ...

of Spain in 1711, and a Knight of the Order of Saint-Esprit in 1724.

Issue

#Françoise Adélaide de Noailles (1 September 1704January 1776) married Charles de Lorraine in 1717, son of

Louis, Count of Armagnac Louis of Lorraine (7 December 1641 – 13 June 1718) was the Count of Armagnac from his father's death in 1666. The ''Grand Squire of France'', he was a member of a cadet branch of the House of Guise, itself a cadet branch of the sovereign House ...

and had no issue; divorced in 1721; #

Amable-Gabrielle de Villars Amable Gabrielle de Noailles, Duchess of Villars (18 February 1706 – 1771), was a French court official. She served as the ''dame d'atour'' to queen Marie Leszczyńska from 1742 to 1768, and to queen Marie Antoinette from 1770 to 1771. Life Sh ...

(18 February 1706September 1742), lady in waiting to the queen; married

Honoré Armand de Villars Honoré is a name of French origin and may refer to several people or places: Given name Sovereigns of Monaco Lords of Monaco * Honoré I of Monaco Princes of Monaco * Honoré II of Monaco * Honoré III of Monaco * Honoré IV of Monaco * Honor� ...

and had one daughter, Amable Angélique de Villars; Amable Angélique may have been the daughter of le chevalier d'Orléans, whose mistress was Amable Gabrielle; #Marie Louise de Noailles (8 September 171022 May 1782), married Jacques Nompar de Caumont,

Duke of La Force The title of Duke of La Force, Peer of France, in the peerage of France, was created in 1637 for members of the Caumont family, who were lords of the village of La Force in the Dordogne region. The family originated as Lord of Caumont (Seigneur d ...

and divorced in 1742; had no issue; #

Louis de Noailles Louis de Noailles, 4th Duke of Noailles (21 April 1713 in Palace of Versailles, Versailles22 August 1793 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) was a Peerage of France, French peer and Marshal of France. Early life He was the son of Françoise Charlotte d'A ...

Duke of Ayen The title Duke of Ayen (''duc d'Ayen'') was created by King Louis XV on 12 March 1737 raising the former county of Ayen to a Dukedom. It was used as a courtesy title by the eldest son of the Duke of Noailles. The lineage of Dukes of Ayen are cousi ...

(21 April 171322 August 1793), married Catherine Françoise Charlotte de Cossé-Brissac and had issue; #

Philippe de Noailles Philippe de Noailles, comte de Noailles and later prince de Poix, duc de Mouchy, and duc de Poix ''à brevêt'' (27 December 1715 in Paris27 June 1794 in Paris), was a younger brother of Louis de Noailles, and a more distinguished soldier than his ...

, Count of Noailles

Duke of Mouchy Duke of Mouchy () was a hereditary title in the peerage of Spain, accompanied by the dignity of Grandee and granted in 1747 by Ferdinand VI to Philippe de Noailles, a French military officer. After failure of the 1st Duke's successors in inheri ...

(27 December 171527 June 1794), married the famous ''Madame Étiquette'' and had issue; wife was a

Lady-in-waiting A lady-in-waiting (alternatively written lady in waiting) or court lady is a female personal assistant at a Royal court, court, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking nobility, noblewoman. Historically, in Europe, a lady-in-waiting was o ...

Marie Antoinette Marie Antoinette (; ; Maria Antonia Josefa Johanna; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last List of French royal consorts, queen of France before the French Revolution and the establishment of the French First Republic. She was the ...

; Louis and his wife were executed in the Revolution; #Marie Anne Françoise de Noailles (12 January 171929 June 1793), married in 1744 Ludwig Engelbert de La Marck (1701–1773), Count of Schleiden.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Noailles, Adrien-Maurice de 1678 births 1766 deaths 17th-century French people 18th-century French people Counts of Ayen Adrien-Maurice 18th-century French diplomats French military personnel of the War of the Spanish Succession French military personnel of the War of the Polish Succession French military personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession Finance ministers of France Grandees of Spain Adrien-Maurice Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain Marshals of France People of the Regency of Philippe d'Orléans Foreign ministers of France 18th-century peers of France Ambassadors of France to Spain