Adams County, Washington

Adams County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,613. The county seat is at Ritzville, and its largest city is Othello. The county was formed out of Whitman County in November 1883 and is named after John Adams, the second President of the United States. Adams County's two most populous cities are Ritzville and Othello. Ritzville is located in the northeastern corner of the county at the junction of I-90 and US 395, making it a popular stop for travelers. Ritzville is an hour's drive from Spokane. Othello is located in the southwestern panhandle of the county.

History

Incorporation

The Governor of Washington Territory approved the proposed Adams County Articles of Incorporation on November 28, 1883. At that time Adams County and Franklin County were formed out of territory from Whitman County. The first County meeting (December 19, 1883) established Ritzville as the county seat.

By 1885, the county offices were established, in a wood-frame house purchased for the purpose in Ritzville.

The 1890 census showed that Adams County boasted 2,098 residents. The growing population justified a purpose-built courthouse, so construction began on a new brick courthouse on February 23, 1892.

20th century

Wheat farming was a main focus of early residents. By 1904, Ritzville had become the largest initial shipping point for wheat in the United States; a 1909 pamphlet at the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition in Seattle read:

''Adams County, Washington, the bread basket of the world. A land of wonderful resources where courage, intelligence, strenuous and persistent efforts of the hardy pioneer have wrested the hidden wealth from mother earth ... golden wheat belt which has pushed its way steadily into the wilderness of sage brush which the pioneers found when they came. The gold has gradually absorbed the brown ... the history of Adams County is a song of wheat.''

In May 1905, under pressure from citizens of the county, an addition to the courthouse was designed by Spokane architects Preusse & Zittel, doubling its square footage, and moving the edge of the building to the sidewalk on West Broadway Ave.; the bell tower was dismantled. Spokane contractors Hastie & Dougan supervised the project, which began in June and was completed in October for a cost of $12,247.

Wheat producers in Adams County used dryland farming in order to overcome the relative aridity of the county's climate. They let the wheatfields lie fallow in alternate years, holding sufficient moisture to raise profitable crops.

The county's population decreased significantly during the first half of the twentieth century, dropping by nearly five thousand from 1910 to 1940.

In 1940 the courthouse was replaced by a three-story building, with a two-story jail at the rear. Construction was completed in December 1940.

In 1943 the Federal government approved the Columbia Basin Project. It began impacting Adams County in 1946, when construction of the East Low Canal and the Potholes East Canal began. This work, and the ensuing increased agricultural production from irrigated crops, led to continual population increases. The population had increased by 12,500 from 1940 to 2010.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.3%) is water.

Major highways

* Interstate 90
* U.S. Route 395

Adjacent counties

* Lincoln County - north
* Whitman County - east
* Franklin County - south
* Grant County - west

National protected areas

* Columbia National Wildlife Refuge (part)
* Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Demographics

Adams County and Franklin County have the highest per capita percentage of Latino residents in the state. According to the 2020 Census, the Latino population of the county is 13,120 or 63.65% of residents.

As of the first quarter of 2024, the median home value in Adams County was $239,530.

As of the 2022 American Community Survey, there are 6,304 estimated households in Adams County with an average of 3.21 persons per household. The county has a median household income of $63,105. Approximately 14.6% of the county's population lives at or below the poverty line. Adams County has an estimated 62.3% employment rate, with 14.7% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 71.0% holding a high school diploma.

The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (48.9%), Spanish (48.9%), Indo-European (0.8%), Asian and Pacific Islander (0.5%), and Other (0.9%).

The median age in the county was 29.0 years.

Adams County, Washington – racial and ethnic composition

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 20,613 people, 6,228 households, and 4,794 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 6,735 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 44.46% White, 0.20% African American, 2.13% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 35.35% from some other races and 17.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 63.65% of the population. 34.5% of residents were under the age of 18, 8.7% were under 5 years of age, and 12.2% were 65 and older.

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 18,728 people, 5,720 households, and 4,410 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 6,242 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 62.49% White, 0.58% African American, 1.90% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 31.50% from some other races and 2.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 59.26% of the population.

In terms of ancestry, 16.4% were German, 6.8% were Irish, 5.6% were English, and 2.2% were American.

Of the 5,720 households, 47.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 22.9% were non-families, and 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 3.25 and the average family size was 3.71. The median age was 29.0 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,829 and the median income for a family was $43,551. Males had a median income of $35,695 versus $25,160 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,689. About 19.0% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.6% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over.

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 16,428 people, 5,229 households, and 4,094 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 5,773 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 64.96% White, 0.28% African American, 0.68% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 30.69% from some other races and 2.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 47.07% of the population.

In terms of ancestry, 16.3% were of German, 6.2% identified as U.S. or American and 5.6% English ancestry. 57.0% spoke English, 41.7% Spanish and 1.2% German as their first language.

There were 5,229 households, out of which 44.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.50% were married couples living together, 10.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.70% were non-families. 18.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.52.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 34.20% under the age of 18, 9.80% from 18 to 24, 26.30% from 25 to 44, 19.40% from 45 to 64, and 10.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females there were 104.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $33,888, and the median income for a family was $37,075. Males had a median income of $28,740 versus $21,597 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,534. About 13.60% of families and 18.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.00% of those under age 18 and 8.90% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

Cities

* Othello
* Ritzville (County seat)

Towns

* Hatton
* Lind
* Washtucna

Unincorporated communities

* Benge
* Cunningham
* Marcellus
* Marengo
* Paha
* Ralston

Ghost towns

* Ankeny
* Keystone
* Rockwell
* Servia
* Taunton
* Tokio

Politics

Adams is a strongly Republican county. The last Democrat to win the county was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. It was one of only three counties in the state to be won by Barry Goldwater in 1964. Adams County's unbroken streak of Republican votes in presidential elections is the longest of any county in Washington. The Republican candidate has won by more than 13 points in every Presidential election since 1968, with margins of over 30 points in the seven presidential elections since 2000. George W. Bush won the county by over 40 points both times he ran.

In other elections the results fare similarly. The last Democratic candidate for governor to carry Adams County was Clarence D. Martin in 1936. The last Democratic candidate for the U.S. Senate to win the county was Henry M. Jackson in 1982.

In the 2008 presidential election, John McCain received 66.32% of the county's vote. Meanwhile, Republican gubernatorial candidate Dino Rossi received 69.83% of the county's vote. The county also gave Republican representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers 82.45% of the vote. Republican Sam Reed received 74.6% of the county's vote in his run for re-election as Washington Secretary of State, Republican Allan Martin received 67.25% of the vote for state treasurer, and Republican Rob McKenna received 76.28% in his re-election run for attorney general. All county positions for which candidates were affiliated with parties were won by Republicans.Election results for Adams County at Washington governmental site

Courthouses

From Ritzville's designation as county seat in 1884 until 1892, courts were briefly held in rented space before the county purchased a building from N.H. Greene in 1885. In 1891 the commission bonded $20,000 in order to erect a permanent courthouse. The building was built by the Spokane firm of Burnham and Clapp and completed by August 20, 1891, when it was accepted by the county. It was a two-story brick building with a four-story tower and a stone basement. A two-story addition was added to the front in 1905 with a new four-story tower, giving the courthouse a whole new appearance. This building was replaced by the current art-deco courthouse in 1940.

See also

* National Register of Historic Places listings in Adams County, Washington
* List of counties in Washington

Notes

References

Further reading

Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection
Amber Waves and Undertow -Peril, Hope, Sweat, and Downright Nonchalance in Dry Wheat Country- a book written by Steve Turner and published by the University of Oklahoma Press 2009 -

External links

Adams County, WashingtonImage of 1892 Adams County Courthouse
at the Washington State Digital Archives.
Image of 1905 Adams County Courthouse addition
at the Washington State Digital Archives.
Image of 1941 Adams County Courthouse
at the Washington State Digital Archives.
Top Hat Motel in Ritzville, WA

{{Coord, 46.99, -118.56, display=title, type:adm2nd_region:US-WA_source:UScensus1990

1883 establishments in Washington Territory
Populated places established in 1883
Eastern Washington