Acropomatidae is a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...

in the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

Acropomatiformes The Acropomatiformes or Pempheriformes are an order of fish from the group of perch relatives Percomorpha. The relationship of the families assigned to the Acropomatiformes is based on molecular biological studies and is not yet supported by mor ...

, commonly known as lanternbellies. ''Acropoma'' species are notable for having light-emitting organs along their undersides. They are found in all temperate and tropical oceans, usually at depths of several hundred meters. There are about 32 species in as many as 9 genera, although some authorities recognise fewer genera than

Fishbase FishBase is a global species database of fish species (specifically finfish). It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web.

does. Members of the family are generally small, with some ranging up to 40 cm, but most no more than 15 cm. They have two

dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates. Dorsal fins have evolved independently several times through convergent evolution adapting to marine environments, so the fins are not all homologous. They are found ...

s, the first with seven to 10 spines and the second with possibly a spine in addition to eight to 10 soft rays. The

anal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported o ...

has two or three spines, and the

pelvic fin Pelvic fins or ventral fins are paired fins located on the ventral (belly) surface of fish, and are the lower of the only two sets of paired fins (the other being the laterally positioned pectoral fins). The pelvic fins are homologous to the hi ...

s one spine and five soft rays.

Timeline of genera

ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-65.5 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-65.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-65.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:

Paleocene The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), ...

from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:

Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ...

from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...

from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...

from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text: Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:eratop from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

Paleogene The Paleogene Period ( ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Ma. It is the fir ...

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

Neogene The Neogene ( ,) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period million years ago. It is the second period of th ...

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q. PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:eocene bar:NAM1 from: -55.8 till: 0 text:

Acropoma ''Acropoma'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Acropomatidae, the temperate ocean-basses or lanternbellies. They are native to the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean. They are characterized by a ventral luminous organ that has a lum ...

color:eocene bar:NAM2 from: -55.8 till: 0 text:

Verilus ''Verilus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Malakichthyidae found in the Atlantic. Species There are currently 8 recognized species in this genus: * '' Verilus atlanticus'' ( Mochizuki & Sano, 1984) * '' Verilus anomalus'' (Ogilby ...

color:eocene bar:NAM3 from: -37.2 till: 0 text:

Synagrops ''Synagrops'' is a genus of ray-finned fishes native to the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific ocean The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of Earth. The ocean is conventionally divided into large bodies of water, wh ...

PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:

from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:

from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:

from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:

from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text: Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text: Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text: H. bar:era from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:

from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q.

Genera

The following nine genera are currently placed within the family Acropomatidae:Yamanoue, Y. (2016): Revision of the genus ''Verilus'' (Perciformes: Acropomatidae) with a description of a new species. ''Journal of Fish Biology, 89 (5): 2375–2398.'' * ''

Temminck Coenraad Jacob Temminck (; 31 March 1778 – 30 January 1858) was a Dutch patrician, zoologist and museum director. Biography Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born on 31 March 1778 in Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic. From his father, Jacob ...

& Schlegel, 1843 * ''

Apogonops The Three-spined cardinalfish (''Verilus anomalus'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Malakichthyidae. It is endemic to the marine waters off of Australia.Yamanoue, Y. (2016): Revision of the genus ''Verilus'' (Perciformes: Acropoma ...

'' Ogilby, 1896 * ''

Caraibops The three-spine bass (''Caraibops trispinosus'') is a species of ray-finned fish from the family Synagropidae. It is a deep water species which is found in the western Atlantic from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Surinam. This fish was first ...

'' Schwarzhans &

Prokofiev Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev; alternative transliterations of his name include ''Sergey'' or ''Serge'', and ''Prokofief'', ''Prokofieff'', or ''Prokofyev''. , group=n ( – 5 March 1953) was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor who l ...

, 2017 * ''

Doederleinia The blackthroat seaperch (''Doederleinia berycoides''), also known as the rosy seabass, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Acropomatidae, the temperate ocean-basses or lanternbellies. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Doe ...

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner descri ...

, 1883 * '' Kaperangus'' Schwarzhans & Prokofiev, 2017 * '' Malakichthys'' Döderlein, 1883 * ''

Neoscombrops ''Verilus'' is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family (biology), family Malakichthyidae found in the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic. Species There are currently 8 recognized species in this genus: * ''Verilus atlanticus'' (Kenji Mochizuki, Mochizuk ...

'' Gilchrist, 1922 * '' Parascombrops'' Alcock, 1889 * ''

'' Günther, 1887 * ''

'' Poey, 1860 The 5th edition of ''

Fishes of the World ''Fishes of the World'' is a standard reference for the systematics of fishes. It was first written in 1976 by the American ichthyologist Joseph S. Nelson (1937–2011). Now in its fifth edition (2016), the work is a comprehensive overview of t ...

'' lists seven valid genera while the ''

Catalog of Fishes Catalog of Fishes is a comprehensive on-line database and reference work on the scientific names of fish species and genera. It is global in its scope and is hosted by the California Academy of Sciences. It has been compiled and is continuously up ...

'' only recognises five.

Taxonomy

The Acriopomatidae is placed in the

Perciformes Perciformes (), also called the Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish in the clade Percomorpha. ''Perciformes'' means " perch-like". Among the well-known members of this group are perches and darters ( Percidae), and als ...

, the

suborder Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized ...

Percoidei Percoidei is a suborder of bony fishes in the order Perciformes. Many commercially harvested fish species are considered to be contained in this suborder, including the groupers, Serranidae, seabasses and perches. Divisions The following classif ...

and the superfamily

Percoidea Percomorpha () is an extremely large and diverse clade of ray-finned fish. With more than 17,000 known species (including tuna, seahorses, gobies, cichlids, flatfish, wrasse, perches, anglerfish, and pufferfish) known from both marine and fresh ...

in the 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World''. However, during the 21st Century molecular studies have indicated that a variety of mainly deep-sea fishes which were traditionally placed in the Perciformes, including the Acropomatidae, and in the

Trachiniformes Trachiniformes is an Order (taxonomy), order of Percomorpha, percomorph bony fish, whose contents are traditionally placed in suborder Trachinoidei of Perciformes. However, Trachiniformes is recovered as polyphyletic in recent large scale molec ...

in fact from a newly recognised

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

which has been named either the Acropomatiformes or Pempheriformes. Within the Acropomatidae phylogenetic work has suggested that the genera ''Acropoma'' and ''Doederleinia'' are separate from the other genera in the traditional arrangement of the family with two other recognised lineages being placed in the separate families Malakichthyidae and Synagropidae. Abstract This classification would be as follows: * Acropmatidae ** ''Acropoma'' ** ''Doederleinia'' * Malakichthyidae ** ''Apogonops'' ** ''Neoscombrops'' ** ''Malakichthys'' ** ''Verilus'' * Synagropidae ** ''Caraibops'' ** ''Kaperangus'' ** ''Parascombrops'' ** ''Synagrops''

References

{{Authority control Acropomatiformes families Articles which contain graphical timelines