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The () was a private
art school An art school is an educational institution with a primary focus on practice and related theory in the visual arts and design. This includes fine art – especially illustration, painting, contemporary art, sculpture, and graphic design. T ...
for painting and sculpture founded in
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
, France, in 1867 by French painter and teacher Rodolphe Julian (1839–1907). The school was active from 1868 through 1968. It remained famous for the number and quality of artists who attended during a great period of effervescence in the arts in the early twentieth century. After 1968, it integrated with the École supérieure de design, d'art graphique et d'architecture intérieure (ESAG) Penninghen.


History

Rodolphe Julian established the Académie Julian in 1868 at the Passage des Panoramas, as a private studio school for art students.Tate Gallery
"Académie Julian."
/ref> The Académie Julian not only prepared students for the exams at the prestigious
École des Beaux-Arts ; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts architecture, Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth centu ...
, but offered independent alternative education and training in arts. "Founded at a time when art was about to undergo a long series of crucial mutations, the Academie Julian played host to painters and sculptors of every kind and persuasion and never tried to make them hew to any one particular line". In 1880, women who were not allowed to enroll for study to the
École des Beaux-Arts ; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts architecture, Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth centu ...
were accepted by the new Académie Julian. Foreign applicants who had been deterred from entering the Ecole des Beaux Arts by a vicious French language examination were welcome at the Académie Julian. Men and women were trained separately, and women participated in the same studies as men, including drawing and painting of nude models. "Human exchange went forward in an atmosphere that was collegial, easygoing and mutually supportive. It nurtured some of the best artists of the day". Académie Julian became popular as fertile ground with French as well as foreign students from diverse backgrounds from all over the world, from the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
, Canada, Hungary, and particularly the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
; French art critic Egmont Arens wrote in 1924 that American art, at least for a period of time, reflected the teachings of Académie Julian. In 1989, on the occasion of the exhibition at the Shepherd Gallery, in Manhattan, devoted to the Academie Julian in Paris as it existed between 1868 and 1939, John Russell wrote:
By my count, more than 50 nationalities were represented at the school during its glory years. To be at the Academie Julian was to be exposed to a kind of white magic that seems to have worked in almost every case. What was learned there stayed forever with alumnus and alumna, and it related as much to the conduct of life as to the uses of brush and chisel. – in ''
The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
'', John Russell: "An Art School That Also Taught Life", 19 March 1989.
The South African painter Strat Caldecott (1886–1929) worked and studied at the Académie Julian in preparation for his admission to the Ecole Nationale des Beaux-Arts. He vividly described the Académie Julian as: "A huge room, lighted from above, and smelling strongly of turpentine; tobacco-smoke, sweat and garlic, for the models were mostly children of the South. A room plastered to the full height of a man's reach with palette scrapings whose many colours mingled to make a warm grey background, hung with the prize studies of decades of ''concourse'', furnished with a huge Godin stove, and tall grass-plaited stools, and a heavy mobile podium on which the model was posed each week by a quarreling agora of tousle-headed youths." The early success of the Académie was also secured by the famous and respected artists whom Rodolphe Julian employed as instructors: Adolphe William Bouguereau (1825–1905), Henri Royer, Jean-Paul Laurens, Gabriel Ferrier, Tony Robert-Fleury, Jules Lefebvre, and other leading artists of that time trained in Academic art. Eventually, Académie Julian students were granted the right to compete for the '' Prix de Rome'', a prize awarded to promising young artists. Chilvers, Ian, ed. (2004). "Académie," and participate in the major "Salons" or art exhibitions. In the late 19th century the term '' L'art pompier'' had entered the scene as a derisive term for the traditional academic art espoused by the Académie's instructors. As a result, the Académie Julian embraced a more liberal regime pushing a less conservative, more sincere approach to art which corresponded to the Secessionist art movement in Germany and the Vienna Secession in Austria. It was followed and fully articulated by the Nabis, an
avant-garde In the arts and literature, the term ''avant-garde'' ( meaning or ) identifies an experimental genre or work of art, and the artist who created it, which usually is aesthetically innovative, whilst initially being ideologically unacceptable ...
movement that participated in paving the way to
modern art Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the tradit ...
in 1888–1889. Over time, Académie Julian opened schools in other locations. In addition to the original school at Passage des Panoramas, studios were at no. 5 Rue de Berri in the 8th arrondissement, no. 31 Rue du Dragon in the 6th arrondissement, no. 51, rue Vivienne in the 2nd arrondissement for female student artists, overseen by painter Amélie Beaury-Saurel, Julian's spouse. Subsequent faculty included former students ( Edgar Chahine, for example).
File:Academie Julian, Paris, group of art students.jpg, group of art students at Académie Julian File:'Bouguereau's Atelier at Académie Julian, Paris' Jefferson David Chalfant.JPG, 'Bouguereau's Atelier at Académie Julian File:1886 group portrait Academie Julian.png, 1886, group portrait, Académie Julian File:Académie Julian 1889.jpg, Académie Julian File:Marie Bashkirtseff 03.jpg, Marie Bashkirtseff – Académie Julian File:Academie Julian.jpg, Rob Wagner training at the Académie Julian in 1903. Académie Julian remained open during
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, albeit with a lesser number of students. By contrast during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, after the 1941 exhibition ''Vingt jeunes peintres de tradition française'' considerations on " degenerate art" by the German military administration forced the school to close. In 1946 some of the studios were sold. For his services to the arts, Rodolphe Julian, described by the Anglo-Irish novelist and critic George Moore as ''a kind of Hercules, dark-haired, strong, with broad shoulders, short legs, a soft voice and all the charm of the Midi'' was awarded the
Legion of Honour The National Order of the Legion of Honour ( ), formerly the Imperial Order of the Legion of Honour (), is the highest and most prestigious French national order of merit, both military and Civil society, civil. Currently consisting of five cl ...
. The artist records still extant are those of the men's section, covering the 1870–1932 period, and those of the women's section, covering the 1880–1907 period. In 1968, an important year in France's history with the May events, particularly in relation to education, the Académie Julian integrated with ESAG Penninghen.penninghen.com, historique, ''From Académie Jullian to ESAG Penninghen''
/ref>


Notable faculty and alumni of the Académie Julian


See also


References


Bibliography

* (fr) Martine Hérold, , 1968 [] * Catherine Fehrer, "New Light on the Académie Julian and its founder (Rodolphe Julian)", in ''La Gazette des Beaux-Arts'', mai-juin 1984. * Catherine Fehrer, ''The Julian Academy, Paris, 1868-1939 : spring exhibition, 1989, essays by Catherine Fehrer; exhibition organized by Robert and Elisabeth Kashey, New York, N.Y. (21 E. 84th St., New York) : Shepherd Gallery'', vers 1989 ncluant la liste des artistes ayant fréquenté l'Académie ainsi que des professeurs * (fr) Larcher, Albert, 1919-1925, chez l'auteur, Auxerre, 1982. * "Women at the Académie Julian in Paris" in ''The Burlington Magazine'', Londres, CXXXVI, novembre 1994. * Gabriel P. Weisberg and Jane R. Becker (editors), ''Overcoming All Obstacles : The Women of the Académie Julian'', Dahesh Museum, New Brunswick, Rutgers University Press, New Jersey, 1999. * Reid, Dennis R. (1988). ''A Concise History of Canadian Painting.'' Toronto: Oxford University Press. ;
OCLC 18378555


External links

*
Etching by Rodolphe Julian
from the
De Young (museum) The de Young Museum, formally the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, is a fine arts museum located in San Francisco, California, named for early San Francisco newspaperman M. H. de Young. Located on the West Side (San Francisco), West Side of the ci ...
collection
Académie Julian - Global Britannica, (registered members)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Academie Julian 2nd arrondissement of Paris Educational institutions established in 1867 1867 establishments in France