Academia Bârlădeană
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The Academia Bârlădeană (Academy of Bârlad) was a cultural society, founded on May 1, 1915, in the city of
Bârlad Bârlad () is a city in Vaslui County, Romania. It lies on the banks of the river Bârlad (river), Bârlad, which waters the high plains of Western Moldavia. At Bârlad the railway from Iași diverges, one branch skirting the river Siret (river ...
(
Tutova County Tutova County is one of the historic counties of Moldavia, Romania with the city of Bârlad as Capital (political), capital. Geography Tutova County covered 2,498 km2 and was located in the central-eastern part of Greater Romania, in the sout ...
) - at present
Vaslui County Vaslui County () is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Western Moldavia, with the seat at Vaslui. Demographics In 2011, it had a population of 395,499 and the population density was 74/km2. * Romanians - over 98% * Romani ...
- by George Tutoveanu, Toma Chiricuţă and
Tudor Pamfile Tudor Pamfile (11 June 1883 – 21 October 1921) was a Romanian writer. Tudor Pamfile was born on 11 June 1883 in the village of Țepu in Tecuci County (now in Galați County). He attended primary school and the gymnasium in Tecuci, and then t ...
.


Background

After the unification of the
Romanian principalities The Danubian Principalities (, ) was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the early 14th century. The term was coined in the Habsburg monarchy after the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774) ...
cultural activities started developing in the city of Bârlad, exceeding in importance the ones of other provincial cities of Romania. Important cultural magazines and newspapers were published in the city such as: * Semănătorul, established on September 27, 1870, by Ion Popescu and Ştefan Neagoe. The magazine continued to appear until 1876; * Paloda, established on February 5, 1881, by Ştefan Neagoe. The magazine appeared until 1908. *
Legalitatea ''Legalitatea'' was a weekly newspaper published in Bârlad, Romania. The newspaper, covering political, economic and literary topics, was first printed on December 16, 1882, at the G.V. Munteanu printing shop. The last number of the newspaper was ...
(1882–1884); *
Progresul Progresul is a district in southern Bucharest's Sectorul 4, Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary ...
(1883–1885); * Tutova (1884–1892). * George Lazăr established on April 15, 1887, by Solomon Haliţă and edited by G. Constantinescu Râmniceanu, Gheorghe Ghibănescu, Gavril Onişor, V.G. Diaconescu and L. Apostolescu. * Bârladul established on July 20, 1887, by Solomon Haliţă and
Gheorghe Ghibănescu Gheorghe Ghibănescu (29 September 1864 – 4 July 1936) was a Romanian historian and philologist. Born in Gugești, Vaslui County, he attended the junior seminary in Huși from 1875 to 1879, followed by the senior seminary at the Socola Monast ...
* Făt Frumos established March 15, 1904, edited until May 15, 1906, by George Tutoveanu and in 1909 by Emil Gârleanu


Establishment of the academy

The Academia Bârlădeană was founded on May 1, 1915, in the city of
Bârlad Bârlad () is a city in Vaslui County, Romania. It lies on the banks of the river Bârlad (river), Bârlad, which waters the high plains of Western Moldavia. At Bârlad the railway from Iași diverges, one branch skirting the river Siret (river ...
(
Tutova County Tutova County is one of the historic counties of Moldavia, Romania with the city of Bârlad as Capital (political), capital. Geography Tutova County covered 2,498 km2 and was located in the central-eastern part of Greater Romania, in the sout ...
) - at present
Vaslui County Vaslui County () is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historical region Western Moldavia, with the seat at Vaslui. Demographics In 2011, it had a population of 395,499 and the population density was 74/km2. * Romanians - over 98% * Romani ...
- by George Tutoveanu, Toma Chiricuţă and
Tudor Pamfile Tudor Pamfile (11 June 1883 – 21 October 1921) was a Romanian writer. Tudor Pamfile was born on 11 June 1883 in the village of Țepu in Tecuci County (now in Galați County). He attended primary school and the gymnasium in Tecuci, and then t ...
. The scope of the academy, was to hold meetings where literary works were to be presented and discussed, to organize lectures on literary subjects, to publish literary magazines and to promote culture in the rural areas.


Activities of the academy

The meetings of the Academy were organized weekly. During
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, when
Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ; : , : ) is a historical and geographical region of modern-day Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia was traditionally divided into two sections, Munteni ...
was occupied by German forces and many intellectuals had fled to
Moldavia Moldavia (, or ; in Romanian Cyrillic alphabet, Romanian Cyrillic: or ) is a historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially in ...
, a second literary soiree was held on Thursdays, under the chairmanship of
Alexandru Vlahuţă Alexandru is the Romanian form of the name Alexander. Common diminutives are Alecu, Alex, and Sandu. Origin Etymologically, the name is derived from the Greek "Αλέξανδρος" (Aléxandros), meaning "defending men" or "protector of men", ...
, in the house of professor Eugeniu Bulbuc, where Vlahuţă was temporarily lodged as refugee. In the 1920s and 1930s the activities of the academy were extended. The meetings of the academy were attended by intellectuals from Bârlad and from other Romanian cities. Poets such as
Vasile Voiculescu Vasile Voiculescu (, 27 November 1884 – 26 April 1963) was a Romanian poet, short-story writer, playwright, and physician who wrote under the literary pseudonym V. Voiculescu. Biography Early life and education Voiculescu was born in Pâr ...
,
Ion Barbu Ion Barbu (, pen name of Dan Barbilian; 18 March 1895 –11 August 1961) was a Romanian mathematician and poet. His name is associated with the Mathematics Subject Classification number 51C05, which is a major posthumous recognition reserved ...
and
George Bacovia George Bacovia (; the pen name of Gheorghe Vasiliu ; – 22 May 1957) was a Romanian symbolist poet. While he initially belonged to the local Symbolist movement, launched as a poet by Alexandru Macedonski with the poem and poetry collection (" ...
read some of their poems at these meetings. The regular presence Iuliu and Virgil Niţulescu, physicians, G. Alexandrescu, professor at the Gheorghe Lazăr High School in Bucharest, C. Gruia, professor at the Normal School in Ploieşti, M. Rădulescu, professor at the High School in Buzău is to be mentioned. Other persons attending the meeting were Donar Munteanu,
Victor Ion Popa Victor Ion Popa (; July 29, 1895 – March 30, 1946) was a Romania, Romanian dramatist. Biography He was born in Bârlad, the first of three children of Ion Popa and Aspasia, née Pavelescu. He went to primary school in Călmățui, a village in ...
,
Vasile Voiculescu Vasile Voiculescu (, 27 November 1884 – 26 April 1963) was a Romanian poet, short-story writer, playwright, and physician who wrote under the literary pseudonym V. Voiculescu. Biography Early life and education Voiculescu was born in Pâr ...
, Mihai Lungeanu, I.M. Raşcu, I. Valerian, Petru Cancel, captain Iulian Popovici, captain G. Alexandrescu, Mihai Lupescu, Natalia Paşa, George Pallady, G.M. Vlădescu, George Ponetti, C.R. Crişan, Virgil Duiculescu, Dr. Isac Veinfeld (Ion Palodă) and N. Bogescu. The academy also tried to attract younger intellectuals. The new generation was represented by George Nedelea, Vasile Damaschin, Ştefan Cosma, G.G. Ursu, George Damaschin, Cicerone Mucenic, M. Panaite, Constantin Rânzescu, G. Ioniţă, Paul Viscocil, Emil Tudor, Constantin Dimoftache Zeletin. Less active were other members were
Nichifor Crainic Nichifor Crainic (; pseudonym of Ion Dobre ; 22 December 1889, Bulbucata, Giurgiu County – 20 August 1972, Mogoșoaia) was a Romanian writer, editor, philosopher, poet and theologian famed for his traditionalist activities. Crainic was ...
,
Pamfil Şeicaru Pamfil is a Romanian given name and surname. Notable people with the name include: * Pamfil Polonic (1858–1943), Romanian archaeologist and topographer * Pamfil Yurkevich (1826–1874), Ukrainian philosopher * Radu Pamfil (1951–2009), Romanian ...
, Atanasie Mândru,
Gheorghe Tașcă Gheorghe Tașcă (born Iorgu Tașcă, January 30, 1875 – March 25, 1951) was a Romanian economist, lawyer, academic, diplomat, and politician. He was a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy. After a distinguished career as jurist and ...
, Ion Buzdugan, V. Savel, Gr. Veja, N.N. Lenguceanu, C. Z. Buzdugan, I. Pajură, N. Lupu, Aurel Balaban, Zoe C. Frasin, Ion Vicol and Marieta Creangă. Among the lecturers who presented their views to the academy the most important were George Tutoveanu,
Victor Ion Popa Victor Ion Popa (; July 29, 1895 – March 30, 1946) was a Romania, Romanian dramatist. Biography He was born in Bârlad, the first of three children of Ion Popa and Aspasia, née Pavelescu. He went to primary school in Călmățui, a village in ...
, G.G. Ursu, Mircea Pavelescu, George Pallady,
Ionel Teodoreanu Ionel Teodoreanu (, born Ioan Hipolit Teodoreanu; 6 January 1897 – 3 February 1954) was a Romanian novelist and lawyer. He is mostly remembered for his books on the themes of childhood and adolescence. Biography Born in January 1897 in Iași ...
, Anastasie Mândru,
Tudor Vianu Tudor Vianu (; January 8, 1898 – May 21, 1964) was a Romanian literary criticism, literary critic, art critic, poet, philosopher, academic, and translation, translator. He had a major role on the reception and development of Modernism in Liter ...
and Ioan A. Bassarabescu.''Academia Bârlădeană - Istoric'' Literary meetings were also organized in other Romanian cities such as
Tecuci Tecuci () is a city in Galați County, Romania, in the historical region of Western Moldavia. It is situated among wooded hills, on the right bank of the Bârlad River, and at the junction of railways from Galați, Bârlad, and Mărășești. ...
and Bălţi (now in the
Republic of Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The unrecognised ...
). The academy also organized meetings in rural areas such as the villages of Pochidia (at the estate of
Gheorghe Tașcă Gheorghe Tașcă (born Iorgu Tașcă, January 30, 1875 – March 25, 1951) was a Romanian economist, lawyer, academic, diplomat, and politician. He was a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy. After a distinguished career as jurist and ...
), Zorleni, Unţeşti, Gohor, Barcea and Iveşti. The Academy published the following magazines and newspapers: * Florile Dalbe – published from January 1 to December 15, 1919, the editorial committee including George Tutoveanu,
Vasile Voiculescu Vasile Voiculescu (, 27 November 1884 – 26 April 1963) was a Romanian poet, short-story writer, playwright, and physician who wrote under the literary pseudonym V. Voiculescu. Biography Early life and education Voiculescu was born in Pâr ...
,
Tudor Pamfile Tudor Pamfile (11 June 1883 – 21 October 1921) was a Romanian writer. Tudor Pamfile was born on 11 June 1883 in the village of Țepu in Tecuci County (now in Galați County). He attended primary school and the gymnasium in Tecuci, and then t ...
and Mihai Lungeanu. * Graiul Nostru – published from April 1925 to December 1927. * Scrisul Nostru – published from January 1929 to October 1931, sub direcţia lui George Tutoveanu *
Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. ...
– published from January 2, 1931, to June 15, 1932. The activities of the academy were discontinued at the beginning of
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
. The academy was disestablished when the Communist Party took power.


Reestablishment of the academy

After the
Romanian Revolution of 1989 The Romanian revolution () was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries around the world, primarily within the Eastern Bloc. The Romanian revoluti ...
the Academia Bârlădeană was reestablished. The present honorary chairman is Professor doctor C.D. Zeletin and the acting chairman Professor doctor Mona Elena Diaconu.


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Academia Barladeana Bârlad Culture of Romania Culture of Moldavia Organizations based in Bârlad