The Czech Academy of Sciences (abbr. CAS, , abbr. AV ČR) was established in 1992 by the

Czech National Council The Czech National Council () was the legislative body of the Czech Republic from 1968, when it was created as a member state of Czechoslovakia, until 1992, when it was legally transformed into the Chamber of Deputies according to the Constitut ...

as the Czech successor of the former

Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences The Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Czech: ''Československá akademie věd'', Slovak: ''Česko-slovenská akadémia vied'') was established in 1953 to be the scientific center for Czechoslovakia. It was succeeded by the Czech Academy of Science ...

and its tradition goes back to the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences (founded in 1784) and the Emperor Franz Joseph Czech Academy for Sciences, Literature and Arts (founded in 1890). The academy is the leading non-university public research institution in the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

. It conducts both fundamental and strategic applied research. It has three scientific divisions, namely the Division of

Mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...

Physics Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...

, and

Earth Sciences Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres ...

, Division of

Chemical A chemical substance is a unique form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Chemical substances may take the form of a single element or chemical compounds. If two or more chemical substances can be combin ...

and

Life Sciences This list of life sciences comprises the branches of science that involve the scientific study of life – such as microorganisms, plants, and animals including human beings. This science is one of the two major branches of natural science, ...

, and Division of

Humanities Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture, including Philosophy, certain fundamental questions asked by humans. During the Renaissance, the term "humanities" referred to the study of classical literature a ...

and

Social Sciences Social science (often rendered in the plural as the social sciences) is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of society, societies and the Social relation, relationships among members within those societies. The term was former ...

. The academy currently manages a network of sixty research institutes and five supporting units staffed by a total of 6,400 employees, over one half of whom are university-trained researchers and Ph.D. scientists. The Head Office of the academy and forty research institutes are located in

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

, the remaining institutes being situated throughout the country.

History

The establishment of the academy in 1992 follows several previous organizations: * Royal Czech Society of Doctrines (Královská česká společnost nauk), 1784–1952 * (Česká akademie věd a umění), 1890–1952 * Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Československá akademie věd), 1953-1992 In 2010 the academy adopted an open access policy to make its research outputs free to read and reuse.

Institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences

The official structure of the CAS consists of three areas (sciences about inanimate nature, life sciences, and humanities), each with three sections. Each of these 9 sections contains between 4 and 8 institutes. An institute is divided further into departments, laboratories, or working teams, depending on the size and the topic of the institute.

The Area of the Sciences About Inanimate Nature

Section 1: Mathematics, Physics, and Informatics

* Astronomical institute ''(Astronomický ústav),'' founded in 1954 *

Institute of Physics The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a UK-based not-for-profit learned society and professional body that works to advance physics education, physics research, research and applied physics, application. It was founded in 1874 and has a worldwide ...

* Institute of Mathematics * Institute of Computer Science (ICS) * Nuclear Physics Institute * Institute of Information Theory and Automation of the CAS (UTIA), founded in 1959

Section 2: Applied Physics

* Institute of Photonics and Electronics * Institute of Physics of Materials * Institute of Plasma Physics * Institute of Hydrodynamics * Institute of Scientific Instruments
Institute of Thermomechanics
* Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

Section 3: Earth Sciences

* Institute of Geophysics (GFÚ), founded in 1920 (as the State Institute of Geophysics) * Institute of Geology * Institute of Atmospheric Physics, established in 1964 * Institute of Geonics * Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics

The Area of Life Sciences and Chemical Sciences

Section 4: Chemical Sciences

* Institute of Inorganic Chemistry * J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry (''Ústav fyzikální chemie Jaroslava Heyrovského,'' named after

Jaroslav Heyrovský Jaroslav Heyrovský (; 20 December 1890 – 27 March 1967) was a Czech chemist and inventor who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1959 for his invention of polarography. Life and work Jaroslav Heyrovský was born in Prague on December 2 ...

; abbreviated: ''JHI'' respectively ''UFCH JH''), established in 1972 – merger of the ''Institute of Physical Chemistry'' and the ''Institute of Polarography'' *

Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. () is one of the six institutes belonging to the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CAS chemical sciences section and is a research centre in a ...

, founded in 1960 * Institute of Analytical Chemistry * Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry *

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (shortened as IOCB Prague) () is a research institute under the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS). The institute centers around research in the fields of organic chemi ...

Section 5: Biological and Medical Sciences

* Institute of Biophysics * Biotechnology Institute * Institute of Physiology * Institute of Microbiology * Institute of Experimental Botany * Institute of Experimental Medicine * Institute of Molecular Genetics * Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics

Section 6: Biological and Ecological Sciences

* Biology Centre * Institute of Botany * Institute of Vertebrate Biology * Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology

The Area of Humanities and Social Sciences

Section 7: Social Sciences and Economy

* Economics Institute (EI) (departments: Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education (CERGE), founded 1991) * Institute of Psychology * Institute of Sociology * Institute of State and Law

Section 8: History

* Institute of Archaeology (Prague) * Institute of Archaeology (Brno) * Institute of History * Masaryk's Institute and Archives * Institute of Art History * Institute of Contemporary History

Section 9: Humanities and Philosophy

* Institute of Ethnology * Institute of Philosophy (and its specialized department

Centre for Medieval Studies Medieval studies is the academic interdisciplinary study of the Middle Ages. A historian who studies medieval studies is called a medievalist. Institutional development The term 'medieval studies' began to be adopted by academics in the opening ...

) * Oriental Institute * Institute of Slavonic Studies * Institute of Czech Literature * Institute of Czech Language, ''(Ústav pro jazyk český),'' founded in 1946

Literature

References

External links

Official Web site
(in English) {{DEFAULTSORT:Czech Academy Of Sciences

Science and technology in the Czech Republic 1992 establishments in Czechoslovakia Scientific organizations established in 1992 Members of the International Council for Science Members of the International Science Council