image:Apobec.J.Steinfeld.D.png, 300px, upExample of a member of the APOBEC family, APOBEC-2. A cytidine deaminase from ''Homo sapiens''.; ; rendered usin
PyMOL
APOBEC ("apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide") is a family of evolutionarily conserved cytidine deaminases. A mechanism of generating protein diversity is messenger RNA, mRNA editing. Members of this family are RNA editing#C-U editing, C-to-U editing enzymes. The N-terminal domain of APOBEC like proteins is the catalytic domain, while the

C-terminal The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH). When the protein is ...

domain is a pseudocatalytic domain. More specifically, the catalytic domain is a zinc dependent cytidine deaminase domain and is essential for cytidine deamination. RNA editing by APOBEC-1 requires homodimerisation and this complex interacts with RNA binding proteins to form the editosome. In humans/mammals they help protect from viral infections. These enzymes, when misregulated, are a major source of mutation in numerous cancer types. A 2013 review discussed the structural and biophysical aspects of APOBEC3 family enzymes. Many of the APOBEC protein features are described in the widely studied APOBEC3G's page.

Family members

Human genes encoding members of the APOBEC protein family include: * APOBEC1 * APOBEC2 * APOBEC3A * APOBEC3B * APOBEC3C * APOBEC3D (" APOBEC3E" now refers to this) * APOBEC3F * APOBEC3G * APOBEC3H * APOBEC4 * Activation-induced (cytidine) deaminase (AID)

References

{{protein-stub EC 3.5.4