The APG IV system of flowering plant classification is the fourth version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy for

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s (angiosperms) being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). It was published in 2016, seven years after its predecessor the APG III system was published in 2009, and 18 years after the first

APG system The APG system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system) of plant classification is the first version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. Published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, it was replaced by the improved ...

was published in 1998. In 2009, a linear arrangement of the system was published separately; the APG IV paper includes such an arrangement, cross-referenced to the 2009 one. Compared to the APG III system, the APG IV system recognizes five new orders ( Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusales and Vahliales), along with some new families, making a total of 64 angiosperm orders and 416 families. In general, the authors describe their philosophy as "conservative", based on making changes from APG III only where "a well-supported need" has been demonstrated. This has sometimes resulted in placements that are not compatible with published studies, but where further research is needed before the classification can be changed.

Short version

Detailed version

Key to symbols used: :* = the family has been added or its circumscription changed since the APG III system of 2009 :† = the order has been added since the APG III system

Basal angiosperms The basal angiosperms are the flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants. In particular, the most basal angiosperms were called the ANITA grade, which is made up of ''Amborella'' (a single species of shrub f ...

Amborellales ''Amborella'' is a monotypic genus of understory shrubs or small trees endemic to the main island, Grande Terre, of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific Ocean. The genus is the only member of the family Amborellaceae and the order Amborella ...

Melikyan et al. ** Amborellaceae Pichon, nom. cons. * Nymphaeales Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Hydatellaceae U.Hamann ** Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich., nom. cons. **

Nymphaeaceae Nymphaeaceae () is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate climate, temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains five genera with about 70 know ...

Salisb., nom. cons. *

Austrobaileyales Austrobaileyales is an order of flowering plants consisting of about 100 species of woody plants growing as trees, shrubs and lianas. A well known example is '' Illicium verum'', commonly known as star anise. The order belongs to the group of b ...

Takht. ex Reveal **

Austrobaileyaceae ''Austrobaileya'' is the sole genus in the plant family Austrobaileyaceae – the family is thus 'monotypic' as it includes a single child taxon. It is one of the basal angiosperm families, the most ancient group of flowering plants. The genu ...

Croizat, nom. cons. ** Trimeniaceae Gibbs, nom. cons. ** Schisandraceae Blume, nom. cons.

Magnoliids

* Canellales Cronq. ** Canellaceae Mart., nom. cons. ** Winteraceae R.Br. ex Lindl., nom. cons. * Piperales Bercht. & J.Presl ** Saururaceae Rich. ex T.Lestib., nom. cons. **

Piperaceae The Piperaceae (), also known as the pepper family, are a large family (biology), family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in five genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two mai ...

Giseke, nom. cons. ** Aristolochiaceae Juss., nom. cons. * (including Asaraceae Vent., Hydnoraceae C.Agardh, nom. cons., Lactoridaceae Engl., nom. cons.) *

Magnoliales The Magnoliales are an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Magnoliales include: magnolias, Liriodendron, tulip trees, Annona squamosa, custard apples, Asimina triloba, American pawpaw, cherimoyas, Cananga odorata, ylang-ylang, Sours ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Myristicaceae R.Br., nom. cons. **

Magnoliaceae The Magnoliaceae () are a flowering plant family, the magnolia family, in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two genera: '' Magnolia'' and ''Liriodendron'' (tulip trees). Unlike most angiosperms, whose flower parts are in whorls (rings), ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Degeneriaceae I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm., nom. cons. ** Himantandraceae Diels, nom. cons. ** Eupomatiaceae Orb., nom. cons. **

Annonaceae The Annonaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest ...

Juss., nom. cons. * Laurales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Calycanthaceae Lindl., nom. cons. ** Siparunaceae Schodde ** Gomortegaceae Reiche, nom. cons. ** Atherospermataceae R.Br. ** Hernandiaceae Blume, nom. cons. ** Monimiaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Lauraceae Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant Family (biology), family that includes the bay laurel, true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genus (biology), genera worldwide. They are dicotyled ...

Juss., nom. cons.

Independent lineage: unplaced to more inclusive clade

* Chloranthales Mart. ** Chloranthaceae R.Br. ex Sims, nom. cons.

Monocots

* Acorales Mart. ** Acoraceae Martinov * Alismatales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Araceae The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Tofieldiaceae Takht. **

Alismataceae The water-plantains (Alismataceae) are a family of flowering plants, comprising 20 genera (17 extant and 3 fossil) and 119 species. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the greatest number of species in temperate regions of the Northe ...

Vent., nom. cons. ** Butomaceae Mirb., nom. cons. ** Hydrocharitaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Scheuchzeriaceae F.Rudolphi, nom. cons. ** Aponogetonaceae Planch., nom. cons. ** Juncaginaceae Rich., nom. cons. * ** Maundiaceae Nakai * ** Zosteraceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Potamogetonaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons ** Posidoniaceae Vines, nom. cons. ** Ruppiaceae Horan., nom. cons. **

Cymodoceaceae Cymodoceaceae is a family of flowering plants, sometimes known as the "manatee-grass family", which includes only marine species. The 2016 APG IV does recognize Cymodoceaceae and places it in the order Alismatales, in the clade monocots. The ...

Vines, nom. cons. * Petrosaviales Takht. ** Petrosaviaceae Hutch., nom. cons. * Dioscoreales Mart. ** Nartheciaceae Fr. ex Bjurzon ** Burmanniaceae Blume, nom. cons. (not monophyletic.) ** Dioscoreaceae R.Br., nom. cons. * Pandanales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Triuridaceae Gardner, nom. cons. ** Velloziaceae J.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Stemonaceae Caruel, nom. cons. ** Cyclanthaceae Poit. ex A.Rich., nom. cons. ** Pandanaceae R.Br., nom. cons. *

Liliales Liliales is an order (biology), order of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web List of systems of plant classification, system, within the lilioid monocots. This order of necessity includ ...

Perleb ** Campynemataceae Dumort. ** Corsiaceae Becc., nom. cons. **

Melanthiaceae Melanthiaceae, also called the bunchflower family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plant, flowering herbaceous perennial plants native to the Northern Hemisphere. Along with many other lilioid monocots, early authors considered member ...

Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons. ** Petermanniaceae Hutch, nom. cons. ** Alstroemeriaceae Dumort., nom. cons. **

Colchicaceae Colchicaceae is a family of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; ...

DC., nom. cons. ** Philesiaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Ripogonaceae Conran & Clifford ** Smilacaceae Vent., nom. cons. ** Liliaceae Juss., nom. cons. *

Asparagales Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) are a diverse order of flowering plants in the monocots. Under the APG IV system of flowering plant classification, Asparagales are the largest order of monocots with 14 families, 1,122 genera, and about 36,00 ...

Link **

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family (biology), family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan plants that ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Boryaceae M.W.Chase et al. ** Blandfordiaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford ** Asteliaceae Dumort. ** Lanariaceae H.Huber ex R.Dahlgren ** Hypoxidaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Doryanthaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford ** Ixioliriaceae Nakai (as 'Ixiolirionaceae'; spelling corrected) **

Tecophilaeaceae Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species. The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 (u ...

Leyb., nom. cons. **

Iridaceae Iridaceae () is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the Iris (plant), irises. It has a nearly global distribution, with 69 accepted genera with a total of about 2500 species. It includes a number of economically importan ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Xeronemataceae M.W.Chase et al. ** Asphodelaceae Juss., nom. cons. prop. (including Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumort., nom. cons.) **

Amaryllidaceae The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus '' Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryl ...

J.St.-Hil., nom. cons. **

Asparagaceae Asparagaceae (), known as the asparagus family, is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. The family name is based on the edible garden asparagus, '' Asparagus officinalis''. This family includes both ...

Juss., nom. cons. * Arecales Bromhead ** Dasypogonaceae Dumort. **

Arecaceae The Arecaceae () is a family (biology), family of perennial plant, perennial, flowering plants in the Monocotyledon, monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbing palm, climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly k ...

Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. (=Palmae Juss., nom. cons.) * Commelinales Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw ** Commelinaceae Mirb., nom. cons. ** Philydraceae Link, nom. cons. ** Pontederiaceae Kunth, nom. cons. ** Haemodoraceae R.Br., nom. cons. *

Zingiberales The Zingiberales are flowering plants forming one of four orders in the commelinids clade of monocots, together with its sister order, Commelinales. The order includes 68 genera and 2,600 species. Zingiberales are a unique though morpholog ...

Griseb. ** Strelitziaceae Hutch., nom. cons. ** Lowiaceae Ridl., nom. cons. ** Heliconiaceae Vines ** Musaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Cannaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Marantaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Costaceae Nakai **

Zingiberaceae Zingiberaceae () or the ginger family is a family of flowering plants made up of about 50 genera with a total of about 1600 known species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes distributed throughout tropical ...

Martinov, nom. cons. *

Poales The Poales are a large order (biology), order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the Poaceae, grasses, bromeliads, Juncaceae, rushes and Cyperaceae, sedges. 14 plant families are currently recogniz ...

Small ** Typhaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Bromeliaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Rapateaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Xyridaceae C.Agardh, nom. cons. **

Eriocaulaceae The Eriocaulaceae are a family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the order Poales, commonly known as the pipewort family. The family is large, with about 1207 known species described in seven genera. They are widely distri ...

Martinov, nom. cons. ** Mayacaceae Kunth, nom. cons. ** Thurniaceae Engl., nom. cons. ** Juncaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Cyperaceae The Cyperaceae () are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as wikt:sedge, sedges. The family (biology), family is large; botanists have species description, described some 5,500 known species in about 90 ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Restionaceae R.Br., nom. cons. * (including Anarthriaceae D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw, Centrolepidaceae Endl., nom. cons.) ** Flagellariaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C.Sm. ** Ecdeiocoleaceae D.W.Cutler & Airy Shaw **

Poaceae Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivate ...

Barnhart, nom. cons. (= Gramineae Juss., nom. cons.)

Probable sister of eudicots

* Ceratophyllales Link ** Ceratophyllaceae Gray, nom. cons.

Eudicots The eudicots or eudicotyledons are flowering plants that have two seed leaves (cotyledons) upon germination. The term derives from ''dicotyledon'' (etymologically, ''eu'' = true; ''di'' = two; ''cotyledon'' = seed leaf). Historically, authors h ...

Ranunculales Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group k ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Eupteleaceae K.Wilh., nom. cons. **

Papaveraceae The Papaveraceae, informally known as the poppy family, are an economically important family (biology), family of about 42 genera and approximately 775 known species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan dis ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Circaeasteraceae Hutch., nom. cons. **

Lardizabalaceae Lardizabalaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales, ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Menispermaceae Menispermaceae (botanical Latin: 'moonseed family' from Greek ''mene'' 'crescent moon' and ''sperma'' 'seed') is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. The alkaloid tubocurarine, a neuromuscular blocker and the active ingredient in the ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Berberidaceae The Berberidaceae are a family (biology), family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order (biology), order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, of which the majority ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae (, buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family (biology), family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide. The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 spec ...

Juss., nom. cons. * Proteales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Sabiaceae Blume, nom. cons. ** Nelumbonaceae A.Rich., nom. cons. ** Platanaceae T.Lestib., nom. cons. **

Proteaceae The Proteaceae form a family (biology), family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genus, genera with about 1,660 known species. Australia and South Africa have the greatest concentr ...

Juss., nom. cons. * Trochodendrales Takht. ex Cronq. ** Trochodendraceae Eichler, nom. cons. * Buxales Takht. ex Reveal ** Buxaceae Dumort., nom. cons. * (including Haptanthaceae C.Nelson)

Core eudicots

* Gunnerales Takht. ex Reveal ** Myrothamnaceae Nied., nom. cons. ** Gunneraceae Meisn., nom. cons. * Dilleniales DC. ex Bercht. & J.Presl † **

Dilleniaceae Dilleniaceae is a family of flowering plants with 11 genera and about 430 known species. It is known to gardeners for the genus '' Hibbertia'', which contains many commercially valuable garden species. Description and distribution The family is ...

Salisb., nom. cons.

Superrosids

Saxifragales Saxifragales is an order (biology), order of flowering plants in the Superrosids, superrosid clade of the eudicots. It contains 15 Families (biology), families and around 100 genera, with nearly 2,500 species. Well-known and economically import ...

Bercht. & J.Presl **

Peridiscaceae Peridiscaceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the Order (biology), order Saxifragales.Peter F. Stevens. 2001 onwards. "Peridiscaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''External li ...

Kuhlm., nom. cons. ** Paeoniaceae Raf., nom. cons. **

Altingiaceae Altingiaceae is a small Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the Order (biology), order Saxifragales,Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Altingiaceae". At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see ''Exter ...

Lindl., nom. cons. ** Hamamelidaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Cercidiphyllaceae Engl., nom. cons. ** Daphniphyllaceae Müll.Arg., nom. cons. ** Iteaceae J.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Grossulariaceae DC., nom. cons. ** Saxifragaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Crassulaceae The Crassulaceae (, from Latin ''crassus'', thick), also known as the crassulas, the stonecrops or the orpine family, are a diverse Family (biology), family of dicotyledon angiosperms primarily characterized by succulent leaves and a form of phot ...

J.St.-Hil., nom. cons. ** Aphanopetalaceae Doweld ** Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai ** Penthoraceae Rydb. ex Britton, nom. cons. **

Haloragaceae Haloragaceae (the watermilfoil family) is a eudicot flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales. Description The Haloragaceae ...

R.Br., nom. cons. ** Cynomoriaceae Endl. ex Lindl., nom. cons.

Rosids

* Vitales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Vitaceae The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species, including common plants such as Vitis, grapevines (''Vitis'' spp.) and Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Virginia creeper (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). Th ...

Juss., nom. cons.

=Fabids

= * Zygophyllales Link **

Krameriaceae ''Krameria'' is the only genus in the Krameriaceae family, of which any of the approximately 18 species are commonly known as rhatany, ratany or rattany. Rhatany is also the name given to krameria root, a botanical remedy consisting of the dried ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Zygophyllaceae Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. The family includes around 285 species in 22 genera. Plants in the family Zygophyllaceae may be trees, shrubs, or herbs. They are often found in dry habit ...

R.Br., nom. cons. * Fabales Bromhead ** Quillajaceae D.Don **

Fabaceae Fabaceae () or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomen ...

Lindl., nom. cons. (= Leguminosae Juss., nom. cons.) ** Surianaceae Arn., nom. cons. ** Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. * Rosales Bercht. & J.Presl **

Rosaceae Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus '' Rosa''. The family includes herbs, shrubs, and trees. Most species are deciduous, but som ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Barbeyaceae Rendle, nom. cons. ** Dirachmaceae Hutch. ** Elaeagnaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Rhamnaceae The Rhamnaceae are a large Family (biology), family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs, and some vines, commonly called the buckthorn family. Rhamnaceae is included in the order Rosales. The family contains about 55 genera and 950 specie ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Ulmaceae The Ulmaceae () are a family (biology), family of flowering plants that includes the elms (genus ''Ulmus''), and the zelkovas (genus ''Zelkova''). Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the Temperate, north temperate zone, and ha ...

Mirb., nom. cons. **

Cannabaceae Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants, known as the hemp family. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including '' Cannabis'' (hemp), '' Humulus'' (hops) and '' Celtis'' (hackberri ...

Martinov, nom. cons. **

Moraceae Moraceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 48 genera and over 1100 species, and is commonly known as the mulberry or fig family. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however, their ...

Gaudich., nom. cons. ** Urticaceae Juss., nom. cons. * Fagales Engl. ** Nothofagaceae Kuprian. **

Fagaceae The Fagaceae (; ) are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with around 1,000 or more species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species ...

Dumort., nom. cons. ** Myricaceae Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. **

Juglandaceae The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia. The nine or ten genera in the family have ...

DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons. **

Casuarinaceae The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacific ...

R.Br., nom. cons. ** Ticodendraceae Gomez-Laur. & L.D.Gomez ** Betulaceae Gray, nom. cons. *

Cucurbitales The Cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. This order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropical and temperate regions. The order includes shrubs and trees, togeth ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Apodanthaceae Tiegh. ex Takht. * ** Anisophylleaceae Ridl. ** Corynocarpaceae Engl., nom. cons. ** Coriariaceae DC., nom. cons. **

Cucurbitaceae The Cucurbitaceae (), also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family (biology), family consisting of about 965 species in 101 genera.

Juss., nom. cons. **

Tetramelaceae The Tetramelaceae are a family of plants in the order Cucurbitales, containing two genera of mostly Asian, large trees, ''Octomeles'' and ''Tetrameles'', each with a single species. These genera were formerly placed in the Datiscaceae,van Steeni ...

Airy Shaw ** Datiscaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Begoniaceae C.Agardh, nom. cons.

COM clade; placement uncertain

* Celastrales Link ** Lepidobotryaceae J. Leonard, nom. cons. **

Celastraceae The Celastraceae (staff-vine or bittersweet) are a family of 98 genera and 1,350 species of herbs, vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales. The great majority of the genera are tropical, with only ''Celastrus'' (the staf ...

R.Br., nom. cons. * Oxalidales Bercht. & J.Presl ** Huaceae A.Chev. ** Connaraceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Oxalidaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Cunoniaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Elaeocarpaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Cephalotaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Brunelliaceae Engl., nom. cons. * Malpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Pandaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. ** Irvingiaceae Exell & Mendonça, nom. cons. * (including Allantospermum Forman) ** Ctenolophonaceae Exell & Mendonça **

Rhizophoraceae The Rhizophoraceae is a family of tropical or subtropical flowering plants. It includes around 147 species distributed in 15 genera.Setoguchi, H., Kosuge, K., & Tobe, H. (1999). Molecular Phylogeny of Rhizophoraceae Based on rbcL Gene Sequences. ...

Pers., nom. cons. ** Erythroxylaceae Kunth, nom. cons. ** Ochnaceae DC., nom. cons. ** Bonnetiaceae L.Beauvis. ex Nakai **

Clusiaceae The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. (1789) (''nom. alt. et cons.'' = alternative and valid name) are a family (biology), family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae ...

Lindl., nom. cons. (= Guttiferae Juss., nom. cons.) ** Calophyllaceae J.Agardh **

Podostemaceae Podostemaceae (riverweed family), a family in the order Malpighiales, comprise about 50 genera and species of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs. Distribution and habitat They are found mostly in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide ...

Rich. ex Kunth, nom. cons. **

Hypericaceae Hypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales, comprising six to nine genera and up to 700 species, and commonly known as the St. John's wort family. Members are found throughout the world apart from extremely cold or dry habitats. ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Caryocaraceae Voigt, nom. cons. ** Lophopyxidaceae H.Pfeiff. ** Putranjivaceae Meisn. ** Centroplacaceae Doweld & Reveal ** Elatinaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Malpighiaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f., nom. cons. ** Trigoniaceae A.Juss., nom. cons. ** Dichapetalaceae Baill., nom. cons. ** Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti ** Chrysobalanaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Humiriaceae A.Juss., nom. cons. ** Achariaceae Harms, nom. cons. **

Violaceae Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus '' Viola'', the violets and pansies. Older classifications such as the Cronquist system plac ...

Batsch, nom. cons. ** Goupiaceae Miers ** Passifloraceae Juss. ex Roussel, nom. cons. ** Lacistemataceae Mart., nom. cons. **

Salicaceae The Salicaceae are the willow family of flowering plants. The traditional family (Salicaceae ''sensu stricto'') includes the willows, poplars. Genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) have greatly expanded the circumsc ...

Mirb., nom. cons. ** Peraceae Klotzsch * **

Rafflesiaceae The Rafflesiaceae are a family of rare parasitic plants comprising 36 species in 3 genera found in the tropical forests of east and southeast Asia, including ''Rafflesia arnoldii'', which has the largest flowers of all plants. The plants are e ...

Dumort., nom. cons. **

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae (), the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of Euphorbia, the type genus of the family. Most spurges, such as ''Euphorbia paralias'', ar ...

Juss., nom. cons. * **

Linaceae Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae. Description The leaves of the Linaceae are always simple; arran ...

DC. ex Perleb, nom. cons. ** Ixonanthaceae Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons. * ** Picrodendraceae Small, nom. cons. ** Phyllanthaceae Martinov, nom. cons.

=Malvids

= * Geraniales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Geraniaceae Geraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus '' Geranium''. The family includes both the genus '' Geranium'' (the cranesbills, or true geraniums) and the garden plants call ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Francoaceae A.Juss., nom. cons. * (including Bersamaceae Doweld, Greyiaceae Hutch., nom. cons., Ledocarpaceae Meyen, Melianthaceae Horan., nom. cons., Rhynchothecaceae A.Juss., Vivianiaceae Klotzsch, nom. cons.) * Myrtales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Combretaceae The Combretaceae, often called the white mangrove family, are a family of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, G ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Lythraceae Lythraceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, including 32 genus, genera, with about 620 species of Herbaceous plant, herbs, shrubs, and trees. The larger genera include ''Cuphea'' (275 spp.), ''Lagerstroemia'' (56), ''Nesaea (pl ...

J.St.-Hil., nom. cons. ** Onagraceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Vochysiaceae A.St.-Hil., nom. cons. **

Myrtaceae Myrtaceae (), the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Melastomataceae Melastomataceae () is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two-thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Crypteroniaceae A.DC., nom. cons. ** Alzateaceae S.A.Graham ** Penaeaceae Sweet ex Guill., nom. cons. * Crossosomatales Takht. ex Reveal ** Aphloiaceae Takht. ** Geissolomataceae A.DC., nom. cons. ** Strasburgeriaceae Tiegh., nom. cons. **

Staphyleaceae Staphyleaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales, native to Europe, temperate and tropical Asia and the Americas. The largest genus ''Staphylea'', which gives the family its name, contains the "bladdernut" trees. ...

Martinov, nom. cons. ** Guamatelaceae S.H.Oh & D.Potter ** Stachyuraceae J.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Crossosomataceae Engl., nom. cons. * Picramniales Doweld ** Picramniaceae Fernando & Quinn * Huerteales Doweld ** Gerrardinaceae M.H.Alford ** Petenaeaceae Christenh. et al. * ** Tapisciaceae Takht. ** Dipentodontaceae Merr., nom. cons. * Sapindales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Biebersteiniaceae Schnizl. ** Nitrariaceae Lindl. ** Kirkiaceae Takht. **

Burseraceae The Burseraceae are a moderate-sized family of 17-19 genera and about 540 species of woody flowering plants. The actual numbers given in taxonomic sources differ according to taxonomic revision at the time of writing. The Burseraceae are also ...

Kunth, nom. cons. ** Anacardiaceae R.Br., nom. cons. **

Sapindaceae The Sapindaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1,858 accepted species. Examples include Aesculus, horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee. The ...

Juss., nom. cons. (including Xanthocerataceae Buerki et al., as 'Xanthoceraceae') **

Rutaceae The Rutaceae () is a family (biology), family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in Bo ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons. ** Meliaceae Juss., nom. cons. *

Malvales The Malvales are an Order (biology), order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within nine Family (biology), families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, w ...

Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Cytinaceae A.Rich. ** Muntingiaceae C.Bayer et al. ** Neuradaceae Kostel., nom. cons. **

Malvaceae Malvaceae (), or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include Theobroma cacao, cacao, Cola (plant), cola, cotton, okra, Hibiscus sabdariffa, ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Sphaerosepalaceae Bullock **

Thymelaeaceae The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family (biology), family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Webs ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Bixaceae Kunth, nom. cons. ** Cistaceae Juss., nom. cons. * (including ''Pakaraimaea'' Maguire & P.S.Ashton) ** Sarcolaenaceae Caruel, nom. cons. **

Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants with 22 genera and about 695 known species of mainly lowland tropical forest trees. Their distribution is pantropical, from northern South America to Africa, the Seychelles, India ...

Blume, nom. cons. * *

Brassicales The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order (biology), order of flowering plants, belonging to the malvid group of eudicotyledons under the APG IV system. Well-known members of Brassicales include cabbage, cauliflower, Brussels sprout, broccoli, ...

Bromhead ** Akaniaceae Stapf, nom. cons. ** Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC., nom. cons. ** Moringaceae Martinov, nom. cons. ** Caricaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Limnanthaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Setchellanthaceae Iltis ** Koeberliniaceae Engl., nom. cons. ** Bataceae Mart. ex Perleb, nom. cons. ** Salvadoraceae Lindl., nom. cons. ** Emblingiaceae Airy Shaw **

Tovariaceae ''Tovaria'' is a genus of herbs native to Jamaica and South America. There are two species, ''Tovaria pendula'' and ''Tovaria diffusa''. The genus is the only one in the family Tovariaceae. References

* http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/A ...

Pax, nom. cons. ** Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel ** Gyrostemonaceae A.Juss., nom. cons. ** Resedaceae Martinov, nom. cons. * (including Borthwickiaceae J.X.Su et al., Stixidaceae Doweld as 'Stixaceae', ''Forchhammeria'' Liebm.) **

Capparaceae The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 15 genera and about 430 species. The largest genera are ''Capparis'' (about 1 ...

Juss., nom. cons. * ** Cleomaceae Bercht. & J.Presl **

Brassicaceae Brassicaceae () or (the older but equally valid) Cruciferae () is a medium-sized and economically important Family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mustards, the crucifers, or the cabbage family. Most are herbaceous pla ...

Burnett, nom. cons. (= Cruciferae Juss., nom. cons.)

Superasterids

* Berberidopsidales Doweld ** Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg, nom. cons. ** Berberidopsidaceae Takht. * Santalales R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Olacaceae Olacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world. , the circumscription of the family varies; some sources maintain a broad family, others split it int ...

R.Br., nom. cons. (not monophyletic; including Aptandraceae Miers, Coulaceae Tiegh., Erythropalaceae Planch. ex Miq., nom. cons., Octoknemaceae Soler. nom. cons., Strombosiaceae Tiegh., Ximeniaceae Horan.) ** Opiliaceae Valeton, nom. cons. **

Balanophoraceae The Balanophoraceae are a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and formerly obscure affinities. In the broadest circumscription, the family consists of 16 genera. Alterna ...

Rich., nom. cons. ** Santalaceae R.Br., nom. cons. (not monophyletic if Balanophoraceae are embedded; including Amphorogynaceae Nickrent & Der, Cervantesiaceae Nickrent & Der, Comandraceae Nickrent & Der, Nanodeaceae Nickrent & Der, Thesiaceae Vest, Viscaceae Batsch) ** Misodendraceae J.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Schoepfiaceae Blume **

Loranthaceae Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are '' Nuytsia floribunda'' (the ...

Juss., nom. cons. * Caryophyllales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl ** Frankeniaceae Desv., nom. cons. ** Tamaricaceae Link, nom. cons. ** Plumbaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. **

Polygonaceae The Polygonaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants known Common name, informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The Botanical name, name is Basionym, based on the genus ''Polygonum'', ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Droseraceae Droseraceae is a family of carnivorous flowering plants, also known as the sundew family. It consists of approximately 180 species in three extant genera, the vast majority being in the sundew genus '' Drosera''. The family also contains the wel ...

Salisb., nom. cons. ** Nepenthaceae Dumort, nom. cons. ** Drosophyllaceae Chrtek et al. ** Dioncophyllaceae Airy Shaw, nom. cons. **

Ancistrocladaceae ''Ancistrocladus'' is a genus of woody lianas in the Monotypic taxon, monotypic family ''Ancistrocladaceae''. The branches climb by twining other stems or by scrambling with hooked tips. They are found in the tropics of the Old World. Classific ...

Planch. ex Walp., nom. cons. **

Rhabdodendraceae ''Rhabdodendron'' is a genus of flowering plant in the family Rhabdodendraceae. It comprises three species of Tropics, tropical South American trees. It is placed in its own family (biology), family, Rhabdodendraceae, which has only been recogni ...

Prance ** Simmondsiaceae Tiegh. ** Physenaceae Takht. ** Asteropeiaceae Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland ** Macarthuriaceae Christenh. * **

Microteaceae ''Microtea'', the jumby peppers, are a genus of flowering plants in the family Microteaceae, native to the Caribbean islands, Central America, and tropical South America. Species Ten species are currently accepted. *''Microtea bahiensis'' *''M ...

Schäferhoff & Borsch * **

Caryophyllaceae Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranth ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Achatocarpaceae Heimerl, nom. cons. **

Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae ( ) is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus '' Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, maki ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Stegnospermataceae Nakai ** Limeaceae Shipunov ex Reveal * ** Lophiocarpaceae Doweld & Reveal ** Kewaceae Christenh. * ** Barbeuiaceae Nakai ** Gisekiaceae Nakai **

Aizoaceae The Aizoaceae (), or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1,800 species. Several genera are commonly known as 'ice plants' or 'carpet weeds'. The Aizoaceae are also referred to a ...

Martinov, nom. cons. ** Phytolaccaceae R.Br., nom. cons. * ** Petiveriaceae C.Agardh * (including Rivinaceae C.Agardh) ** Sarcobataceae Behnke ** Nyctaginaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Molluginaceae Bartl., nom. cons. * **

Montiaceae Montiaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising about 14 genera with about 230 known species, ranging from small herbaceous plants to shrubs. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution. The family Montiaceae was newly adopted in the APG ...

Raf. ** Didiereaceae Radlk., nom. cons. **

Basellaceae Basellaceae is a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. The family comprises 19 known species of herbaceous plants in four genera: * ''An ...

Raf., nom. cons. ** Halophytaceae S.Soriano ** Talinaceae Doweld ** Portulacaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Anacampserotaceae Eggli & Nyffeler **

Cactaceae A cactus (: cacti, cactuses, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae (), a family of the order Caryophyllales comprising about 127 genera with some 1,750 known species. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, ...

Juss., nom. cons.

Asterids Asterids are a large clade (monophyly, monophyletic group) of flowering plants, composed of 17 Order_(biology), orders and more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowering plant species. The asterids are divided into the unranked cl ...

* Cornales Link ** Nyssaceae Juss. ex Dumort., nom. cons. ** Hydrostachyaceae Engl., nom. cons. ** Hydrangeaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Loasaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Curtisiaceae Takht. ** Grubbiaceae Endl. ex Meisn., nom. cons. ** Cornaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. *

Ericales The Ericales are a large and diverse order of flowering plants in the asterid group of the eudicots. Well-known and economically important members of this order include tea and ornamental camellias, persimmon, ebony, blueberry, cranberry, l ...

Bercht. & J.Presl ** Balsaminaceae A.Rich., nom. cons. **

Marcgraviaceae The Marcgraviaceae are a neotropical angiosperm family in the order Ericales. The members of the family are shrubs, woody epiphytes, and lianas, with alternate, pinnately nerved leaves. The flowers are arranged in racemes. The flowers are accom ...

Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. ** Tetrameristaceae Hutch. ** Fouquieriaceae DC., nom. cons. ** Polemoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Lecythidaceae A.Rich., nom. cons. ** Sladeniaceae Airy Shaw ** Pentaphylacaceae Engl., nom. cons. **

Sapotaceae 240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India The Sapotaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology)">order Ericales">family (biology)">family of flowering plants belonging to th ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Ebenaceae Gürke, nom. cons. ** Primulaceae Batsch ex Borkh., nom. cons. ** Theaceae Mirb., nom. cons. ** Symplocaceae Desf., nom. cons. ** Diapensiaceae Lindl., nom. cons. **

Styracaceae The Styracaceae are a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 12 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The family is ...

DC. & Spreng., nom. cons. ** Sarraceniaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Roridulaceae Martinov, nom. cons. **

Actinidiaceae The Actinidiaceae are a small family (biology), family of flowering plants. The family has three genus, genera and about 360 species and is a member of the order Ericales. Distribution They are temperate and subtropical woody plant, woody vines, ...

Gilg & Werderm., nom. cons. ** Clethraceae Klotzsch, nom. cons. ** Cyrillaceae Lindl., nom. cons. **

Ericaceae The Ericaceae () are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with about 4,250 known species spread acros ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Mitrastemonaceae Makino, nom. cons. (placement in order unclear)

=Lamiids

= * Icacinales Tiegh. † ** Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw ** Icacinaceae Miers, nom. cons. * * Metteniusales Takht. † ** Metteniusaceae H.Karst. ex Schnizl. * * Garryales Mart. ** Eucommiaceae Engl., nom. cons. ** Garryaceae Lindl., nom. cons. * Gentianales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Rubiaceae Rubiaceae () is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with Petiole ( ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Gentianaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Loganiaceae R.Br. ex Mart., nom. cons. ** Gelsemiaceae L.Struwe & V.A.Albert * (including Pteleocarpaceae Brummitt) **

Apocynaceae Apocynaceae (, from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison. Notable mem ...

Juss., nom. cons. * Boraginales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl † **

Boraginaceae Boraginaceae, the Borago, borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees, and herbs in 146 to 154 genus, genera with a worldwide distribution. The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single famil ...

Juss., nom. cons. (including Codonaceae Weigend & Hilger) * Vahliales Doweld † ** Vahliaceae Dandy * Solanales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweed, bindweeds or morning glory, morning glories, is a Family (biology), family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, sh ...

Juss., nom. cons. **

Solanaceae Solanaceae (), commonly known as the nightshades, is a family of flowering plants in the order Solanales. It contains approximately 2,700 species, several of which are used as agricultural crops, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Many me ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Montiniaceae Nakai, nom. cons. ** Sphenocleaceae T.Baskerv., nom. cons. ** Hydroleaceae R.Br. * Lamiales Bromhead ** Plocospermataceae Hutch. ** Carlemanniaceae Airy Shaw ** Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. ** Tetrachondraceae Wettst. ** Calceolariaceae Olmstead **

Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Ges ...

Rich. & Juss., nom. cons. * (the position of ''Peltanthera'' Benth. is problematic and here considered unplaced to family) **

Plantaginaceae Plantaginaceae, the plantain family or veronica family, is a large, diverse family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as Antirrhinum, snapdragon and Digitalis, foxglove. It is unrelated ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Scrophulariaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Stilbaceae Kunth, nom. cons. ** Linderniaceae Borsch et al. ** Byblidaceae Domin, nom. cons. ** Martyniaceae Horan., nom. cons. **

Pedaliaceae Pedaliaceae, the pedalium family or sesame family, is a flowering plant family classified in the order (biology), order Lamiales. The family includes sesame (''Sesamum indicum''), the source of sesame seeds. It comprises 13 genera and approx ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Acanthaceae Acanthaceae () is a Family (biology), family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are Tropics, tropical Herbaceous plant, herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epip ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Bignoniaceae Juss., nom. cons. ** Lentibulariaceae Rich., nom. cons. ** Schlegeliaceae Reveal ** Thomandersiaceae Sreem. ** Verbenaceae J.St.Hil., nom. cons. **

Lamiaceae The Lamiaceae ( ) or Labiatae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle, or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil (herb), ba ...

Martinov, nom. cons. (= Labiatae Juss., nom. cons.) ** Mazaceae Reveal ** Phrymaceae Schauer, nom. cons. * ** Paulowniaceae Nakai **

Orobanchaceae Orobanchaceae, the broomrapes, is a family (biology), family of mostly parasitic plants of the order (biology), order Lamiales, with about 90 genus, genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera (e.g., ''Pedicularis'', ''Rhinanthus'', ...

Vent., nom. cons. * (including Lindenbergiaceae Doweld, Rehmanniaceae Reveal)

=Campanulids

= * Aquifoliales Senft ** Stemonuraceae Kårehed ** Cardiopteridaceae Blume, nom. cons. ** Phyllonomaceae Small ** Helwingiaceae Decne. ** Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. *

Asterales Asterales ( ) is an Order (biology), order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the large Family (biology), family Asteraceae (or Compositae) known for composite flowers made of Floret#floret, florets, and ten families related to th ...

Link ** Rousseaceae DC. **

Campanulaceae The family Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains nearly 2400 species in 84 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky sap. Among them are several familiar garden plants bel ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Pentaphragmataceae J.Agardh, nom. cons. ** Stylidiaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Alseuosmiaceae Airy Shaw ** Phellinaceae Takht. ** Argophyllaceae Takht. ** Menyanthaceae Dumort., nom. cons. ** Goodeniaceae R.Br., nom. cons. ** Calyceraceae R.Br. ex Rich., nom. cons. **

Asteraceae Asteraceae () is a large family (biology), family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the Order (biology), order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchi ...

Bercht. & J.Presl, nom. cons. (= Compositae Giseke, nom. cons.) * Escalloniales Link **

Escalloniaceae Escalloniaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 130 species in eight genera. In the APG II system it is one of eight families in the euasterids II clade (campanulids) that are unplaced as to order. More recent research has pro ...

R.Br. ex Dumort., nom. cons. * Bruniales Dumort. ** Columelliaceae D.Don, nom. cons. ** Bruniaceae R.Br. ex DC., nom. cons. * Paracryphiales Takht. ex Reveal ** Paracryphiaceae Airy Shaw * Dipsacales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl **

Adoxaceae Adoxaceae, commonly known as moschatel family, is a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, now consisting of five genera and about 150–200 species. They are characterised by opposite toothed leaves, small five- or, more rar ...

E.Mey., nom. cons. (= Viburnaceae Raf., nom. cons. prop.) **

Caprifoliaceae The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species in 33 to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and easte ...

Juss., nom. cons. * Apiales Nakai ** Pennantiaceae J.Agardh ** Torricelliaceae Hu ** Griseliniaceae Takht., nom. cons. prop. **

Pittosporaceae Pittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants that consists of 200–240 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9 genera. Habitats range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropical, Indomalayan, Oceanian, and Australasian r ...

R.Br., nom. cons. **

Araliaceae The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the ginseng family. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely ...

Juss., nom. cons. ** Myodocarpaceae Doweld **

Apiaceae Apiaceae () or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus ''Apium,'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot, or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering p ...

Lindl., nom. cons. (= Umbelliferae Juss., nom. cons.)

Phylogeny

Like the earlier APG systems, the APG IV revision is based on a

phylogenetic tree A phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. In ...

for the angiosperms, as shown below.

References

Bibliography

* * * * * {{List of systems of plant taxonomy APG 04 2016 in science 2016 introductions