AI@50, formally known as the "Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years" (July 13–15, 2006), was a conference organized by James Moor, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the

Dartmouth workshop The Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence was a 1956 summer workshop widely consideredKline, Ronald R., "Cybernetics, Automata Studies and the Dartmouth Conference on Artificial Intelligence", ''IEEE Annals of the History ...

which effectively inaugurated the

history of artificial intelligence The history of artificial intelligence ( AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories, and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen. The study of logic and formal reasoning from antiquity to t ...

. Five of the original ten attendees were present:

Marvin Minsky Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive scientist, cognitive and computer scientist concerned largely with research in artificial intelligence (AI). He co-founded the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ...

Ray Solomonoff Ray Solomonoff (July 25, 1926 – December 7, 2009) was an American mathematician who invented algorithmic probability, his General Theory of Inductive Inference (also known as Universal Inductive Inference),Samuel Rathmanner and Marcus Hutter. ...

Oliver Selfridge Oliver Gordon Selfridge (10 May 1926 – 3 December 2008) was a mathematician and computer scientist who pioneered the early foundations of modern artificial intelligence. He is mostly known for his 1959 paper, ''Pandemonium: A paradigm for lea ...

, Trenchard More, and John McCarthy. While sponsored by

Dartmouth College Dartmouth College ( ) is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, Dartmouth is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the America ...

General Electric General Electric Company (GE) was an American Multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded in 1892, incorporated in the New York (state), state of New York and headquartered in Boston. Over the year ...

, and the Frederick Whittemore Foundation, a $200,000 grant from the

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military. Originally known as the Adva ...

called for a report of the proceedings that would: * Analyze progress on AI's original challenges during the first 50 years, and assess whether the challenges were "easier" or "harder" than originally thought and why * Document what the AI@50 participants believe are the major research and development challenges facing this field over the next 50 years, and identify what breakthroughs will be needed to meet those challenges * Relate those challenges and breakthroughs against developments and trends in other areas such as control theory, signal processing, information theory, statistics, and optimization theory. A summary report by the conference director, James Moor, was published in

AI Magazine The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is an international Learned society, scientific society devoted to promote research in, and responsible use of, artificial intelligence. AAAI also aims to increase public under ...

Conference Program and links to published papers

* James Moor, conference Director, Introduction * Carol Folt and Barry Scherr, Welcome * Carey Heckman, Tonypandy and the Origins of Science

AI: Past, Present, Future

* John McCarthy, What Was Expected, What We Did, and AI Today *

The Emotion Machine ''The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind'' is a 2006 book by cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky that elaborates and expands on Minsky's ideas as presented in his earlier book ''Society ...

The Future Model of Thinking

* Ron Brachman and

Hector Levesque Hector Joseph Levesque (born 1951) is a Canadian academic and researcher in artificial intelligence. His research concerns incorporating commonsense reasoning in intelligent systems and he initiated the Winograd Schemas Challenge. Education He ...

, A Large Part of Human Thought *

David Mumford David Bryant Mumford (born 11 June 1937) is an American mathematician known for his work in algebraic geometry and then for research into vision and pattern theory. He won the Fields Medal and was a MacArthur Fellow. In 2010 he was awarded th ...

, What is the Right Model for 'Thought'? * Stuart Russell, The Approach of Modern AI

The Future of Network Models

Geoffrey Hinton Geoffrey Everest Hinton (born 1947) is a British-Canadian computer scientist, cognitive scientist, and cognitive psychologist known for his work on artificial neural networks, which earned him the title "the Godfather of AI". Hinton is Univer ...

& Simon Osindero, From Pandemonium to Graphical Models and Back Again * Rick Granger, From Brain Circuits to Mind Manufacture

The Future of Learning & Search

, Learning and Education for Software: New Approaches in Machine Learning *

, Machine Learning — Past and Future * Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Learning to be Intelligent *

Peter Norvig Peter Norvig (born 14 December 1956) is an American computer scientist and Distinguished Education Fellow at the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered AI. He previously served as a director of research and search quality at Google. Norvig is th ...

, Web Search as a Product of and Catalyst for AI

The Future of AI

* Rod Brooks, Intelligence and Bodies * Nils Nilsson, Routes to the Summit *

Eric Horvitz Eric Joel Horvitz () is an American computer scientist, and Technical Fellow at Microsoft, where he serves as the company's first Chief Scientific Officer. He was previously the director of Microsoft Research Labs, including research centers in Re ...

, In Pursuit of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections on Challenges and Trajectories

The Future of Vision

* Eric Grimson, Intelligent Medical Image Analysis: Computer Assisted Surgery and Disease Monitoring *

Takeo Kanade is a Japanese computer scientist and one of the world's foremost researchers in computer vision. He is U.A. and Helen Whitaker Professor at Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science. He has approximately 300 peer-reviewed academic publication ...

, Artificial Intelligence Vision: Progress and Non-Progress * Terry Sejnowski, A Critique of Pure Vision

The Future of Reasoning

Alan Bundy Alan Richard Bundy (born 18 May 1947) is a professor at the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh,http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/bundy/ Professor Alan Bundy's website known for his contributions to automated reasoning, especially ...

, Constructing, Selecting and Repairing Representations of Knowledge * Edwina Rissland, The Exquisite Centrality of Examples *

Bart Selman Bart Selman is a Dutch-American professor of computer science at Cornell University. He is also co-founder and principal investigator of the Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence (CHAI) at the University of California, Berkeley, led ...

, The Challenge and Promise of Automated Reasoning

The Future of Language and Cognition

* Trenchard More The Birth of Array Theory and Nial *

Eugene Charniak Eugene Charniak (1946 – June 13, 2023) was a professor of computer Science and cognitive Science at Brown University. He held an A.B. in Physics from the University of Chicago and a Ph.D. from M.I.T. in Computer Science. His research was in th ...

, Why Natural Language Processing is Now Statistical Natural Language Processing * Pat Langley, Intelligent Behavior in Humans and Machines

The Future of the Future

Ray Kurzweil Raymond Kurzweil ( ; born February 12, 1948) is an American computer scientist, author, entrepreneur, futurist, and inventor. He is involved in fields such as optical character recognition (OCR), speech synthesis, text-to-speech synthesis, spee ...

, Why We Can Be Confident of Turing Test Capability Within a Quarter Century * George Cybenko, The Future Trajectory of AI * Charles J. Holland, DARPA's Perspective

AI and Games

Jonathan Schaeffer Jonathan Herbert Schaeffer (born 1957) is a Canadian researcher and professor at the University of Alberta and the former Canada Research Chair in Artificial Intelligence. He led the team that wrote Chinook, the world's strongest American ch ...

, Games as a Test-bed for Artificial Intelligence Research * Danny Kopec, Chess and AI * Shay Bushinsky, Principle Positions in Deep Junior's Development

Future Interactions with Intelligent Machines

Daniela Rus Daniela L. Rus she is a Romanian-American computer scientist. She serves as director of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), and the Andrew and Erna Viterbi Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineeri ...

, Making Bodies Smart *

Sherry Turkle Sherry Turkle (born June 18, 1948) is an American sociologist. She is the Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of the Social Studies of Science and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She obtained a BA in social studies and lat ...

, From Building Intelligences to Nurturing Sensibilities

Selected Submitted Papers: Future Strategies for AI

* J. Storrs Hall, Self-improving AI: An Analysis * Selmer Bringsjord, The Logicist Manifesto * Vincent C. Müller, Is There a Future for AI Without Representation? * Kristinn R. Thórisson, Integrated A.I. Systems

Selected Submitted Papers: Future Possibilities for AI

* Eric Steinhart, Survival as a Digital Ghost * Colin T. A. Schmidt, Did You Leave That 'Contraption' Alone With Your Little Sister? * Michael Anderson & Susan Leigh Anderson, The Status of Machine Ethics * Marcello Guarini, Computation, Coherence, and Ethical Reasoning

References

External links

Dartmouth Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years
Official conference Web site. * James Moor
The Dartmouth College Artificial Intelligence Conference: The Next Fifty Years
AI Magazine 27:4

006 Alec Trevelyan is a fictional character who is the main antagonist in the 1995 James Bond film ''GoldenEye,'' portrayed by actor Sean Bean. Bean's likeness was also used as the model for Alec Trevelyan in the 1997 video game '' GoldenEye 007' ...

87–91. ISSN 0738-4602. Official conference report, with photos; freely available online PDF. *

Pictures from AI@50
Photographs of conference presenters. {{DEFAULTSORT:Aiat50 Artificial intelligence conferences Dartmouth College history History of artificial intelligence