The 7th Division (''7. Division'') was a unit of the

Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an ...

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. It was formed in

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in November 1816 as a brigade and became a division on September 5, 1818. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the IV Army Corps (''IV. Armeekorps''). The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited primarily in the Province of Saxony, also known as Prussian Saxony.

Combat chronicle

The division fought in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, including the

Battle of Königgrätz The Battle of Königgrätz (or Sadowa) was the decisive battle of the Austro-Prussian War in which the Kingdom of Prussia defeated the Austrian Empire. It took place on 3 July 1866, near the Bohemian city of Hradec Králové (German: Königg ...

. In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, the division saw action in the battles of

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and Sedan, and in the Siege of Paris. The division was mobilized as the 7th Infantry Division in August 1914 and sent to the

west West or Occident is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some ...

for the opening campaigns of the war. It fought in the siege of the Belgian fortifications at Liège, and then participated in the subsequent march into France and the

Race to the Sea The Race to the Sea (; , ) took place from about 1914 during the First World War, after the Battle of the Frontiers () and the German advance into France. The invasion had been stopped at the First Battle of the Marne and was followed by the ...

. The division then spent time in the trenches, and fought in the Battle of the Somme in 1916. During the German spring offensive of 1918, the division fought in the Battle of the Lys. It then fought in the defensive battles against the Allied offensives, including the Hundred Days Offensive and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. The division was rated a first-class division by Allied intelligence.

Order of battle in the Franco-Prussian War

During wartime, the 7th Division, like other regular German divisions, was redesignated an infantry division. The organization of the 7th Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows: * 13. Infanterie Brigade ** Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 26 ** Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 66 * 14. Infanterie Brigade ** Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 27 ** Anhaltisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 93 * Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 4 * Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 7

Pre-World War I organization

German divisions underwent various organizational changes after the Franco-Prussian War. The 7th Division exchanged its regiment from the

Duchy of Anhalt The Duchy of Anhalt (german: Herzogtum Anhalt) was a historical German duchy. The duchy was located between the Harz Mountains in the west and the river Elbe and beyond to the Fläming Heath in the east. The territory was once ruled by the House ...

for the Hanoverian 165th Infantry Regiment, broadening its recruiting area The organization of the division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows:''Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee'' (1914), pp. 64-65. * 13. Infanterie Brigade ** Infanterie-Regiment Fürst Leopold von Anhalt-Dessau (1. Magdeburgisches) Nr. 26 ** 3. Magdeburgisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 66 * 14. Infanterie Brigade ** Infanterie-Regiment Prinz Louis Ferdinand von Preußen (2. Magdeburgisches) Nr. 27 ** 5. Hannoversches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 165 * 7. Kavallerie-Brigade ** Magdeburgisches Husaren-Regiment Nr. 10 ** Ulanen-Regiment Hennigs von Treffenfeld (Altmärkisches) Nr. 16 * 7. Feldartillerie-Brigade ** Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold von Bayern (Magdeburgisches) Nr. 4 ** Altmärkisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 40

Order of battle on mobilization

On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 7th Division was again renamed the 7th Infantry Division. Its initial wartime organization was as follows:Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle'' * 13.Infanterie-Brigade: ** Infanterie-Regiment Fürst Leopold von Anhalt-Dessau (1. Magdeburgisches) Nr. 26 ** 3. Magdeburgisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 66 * 14.Infanterie-Brigade: ** Infanterie-Regiment Prinz Louis Ferdinand von Preußen (2. Magdeburgisches) Nr. 27 ** 5. Hannoversches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 165 * "1/2" Magdeburgisches Husaren-Regiment Nr. 10 * 7. Feldartillerie-Brigade: ** Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinz-Regent Luitpold von Bayern (Magdeburgisches) Nr. 4 ** Altmärkisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 40 * 1./Magdeburgisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 4

Late World War I organization

Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became

triangular A triangle is a polygon with three edges and three vertices. It is one of the basic shapes in geometry. A triangle with vertices ''A'', ''B'', and ''C'' is denoted \triangle ABC. In Euclidean geometry, any three points, when non- collinea ...

- one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "

square division A square division is a designation given to the way military divisions are organized. In a square organization, the division's main body is composed of four "maneuver," i.e., infantry regimental elements. Other types of regiments, such as artillery ...

"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 7th Infantry Division's order of battle on April 1, 1918, was as follows: * 14.Infanterie-Brigade: ** Infanterie-Regiment Fürst Leopold von Anhalt-Dessau (1. Magdeburgisches) Nr. 26 ** 5. Hannoversches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 165 ** Thüringisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 393 ** Musketier-Bataillon Nr. 1 * 2.Eskadron/Magdeburgisches Husaren-Regiment Nr. 10 * Artillerie-Kommandeur 7: ** Altmärkisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 40 ** I.Bataillon/Reserve-Fußartillerie-Regiment Nr. 20 * Stab Magdeburgisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 4: ** 1./Magdeburgisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 4 ** 3./Magdeburgisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 4 ** Minenwerfer-Kompanie Nr. 7 * Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 7

References

7. Infanterie-Division - Der erste Weltkrieg
* Claus von Bredow, bearb., ''Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deutschen Heeres'' (1905) * Hermann Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee'' (Berlin, 1935) * Hermann Cron, ''Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918'' (Berlin, 1937) * Günter Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939.'' (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1 * ''Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919'' (1920)

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:7th Division (German Empire) Infantry divisions of Germany in World War I Military units and formations established in 1818 Military units and formations disestablished in 1919