The 4000 series is a

CMOS Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss ", , ) is a type of MOSFET, metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) semiconductor device fabrication, fabrication process that uses complementary an ...

logic family In computer engineering, a logic family is one of two related concepts: * A logic family of monolithic digital integrated circuit devices is a group of electronic logic gates constructed using one of several different designs, usually with compati ...

integrated circuits An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or simply chip, is a set of electronic circuits, consisting of various electronic components (such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors) and their interconnections. These components a ...

(ICs) first introduced in 1968 by

RCA RCA Corporation was a major American electronics company, which was founded in 1919 as the Radio Corporation of America. It was initially a patent pool, patent trust owned by General Electric (GE), Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Westinghou ...

. It was slowly migrated into the 4000B buffered series after about 1975. It had a much wider supply voltage range than any contemporary logic family (3V to 18V recommended range for "B" series). Almost all IC manufacturers active during this initial era fabricated models for this series. Its naming convention is still in use today.

History

The 4000 series was introduced as the ''CD4000 COS/MOS'' series in 1968 by

as a lower power and more versatile alternative to the

7400 series The 7400 series is a popular logic family of transistor–transistor logic (TTL) integrated circuits (ICs). In 1964, Texas Instruments introduced the SN5400 series of logic chips, in a ceramic semiconductor package. A low-cost plastic package ...

of transistor-transistor logic (TTL) chips. The logic functions were implemented with the newly introduced Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. While initially marketed with "COS/MOS" labeling by RCA (which stood for Complementary Symmetry Metal-Oxide Semiconductor), the shorter ''CMOS'' terminology emerged as the industry preference to refer to the technology. The first chips in the series were designed by a group led by Albert Medwin. Wide adoption was initially hindered by the comparatively lower speeds of the designs compared to TTL based designs. Speed limitations were eventually overcome with newer fabrication methods (such as self aligned gates of polysilicon instead of metal). These CMOS variants performed on par with contemporary TTL. The series was extended in the late 1970s and 1980s with new models that were given 45xx and 45xxx designations, but are usually still regarded by engineers as part of the 4000 series. In the 1990s, some manufacturers (e.g.

Texas Instruments Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American multinational semiconductor company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It is one of the top 10 semiconductor companies worldwide based on sales volume. The company's focus is on developing analog ...

) ported the 4000 series to newer

HCMOS HCMOS ("high-speed CMOS") is the set of specifications for electrical ratings and characteristics, forming the 74HC00 family, a part of the 7400 series of integrated circuits.

based designs to provide greater speeds.

Design considerations

The 4000 series facilitates simpler circuit design through relatively low power consumption, a wide range of supply

voltage Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension, is the difference in electric potential between two points. In a Electrostatics, static electric field, it corresponds to the Work (electrical), ...

s, and vastly increased load-driving capability (fanout) compared to TTL. This makes the series ideal for use in prototyping LSI designs. While TTL ICs are similarly modular, these usually lack the symmetrical drive strength of CMOS and may therefore require more consideration of the loads applied on its outputs. Just like with TTL, buffered models can drive higher electrical current (mainly available for I/O-devices like octal latches and three-state drivers) but have a slightly higher risk of introducing ringing (transient oscillations) unless correctly damped or terminated.Lancaster, Don. ''CMOS Cookbook'', Many models contain a high level of integration, including fully integrated 7-segment display counters, walking ring counters, and full adders.

Common chips

ANT Nachrichtentechnik DBT-03 - National Semiconductor CD4001BCJ-0020

;Logic gates ;Flip-flops * 4013 – Dual D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data, Q, /Q, clock, reset, set. * 40174 – Hex D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data and Q. All share clock and reset. * 40175 – Quad D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data, Q, /Q. All share clock and reset. ;Counters * 4017 – Decade counter with 10-output decoder. * 4026 – Decade counter with 7-segment digit decoded output. * 40110 – Up/down decade counter with 7-segment display decoder with 25 mA output drivers. * 40192 – Up/down decade counter with 4-bit BCD preset. * 40193 – Up/down binary counter with 4-bit binary preset. ;Decoders * 4028 – 4-bit BCD to 10-output decoder (can be used as 3-bit binary to 8-output decoder) * 4511 – 4-bit BCD to 7-segment display decoder with 25 mA output drivers. ;Timers * 4047 – Monostable/astable multivibrator with external RC oscillator. * 4060 – 14-bit ripple counter with external RC or

crystal oscillator A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator Electrical circuit, circuit that uses a piezoelectricity, piezoelectric crystal as a frequency selective surface, frequency-selective element. The oscillator frequency is often used to keep trac ...

(long duration) (schmitt-trigger inputs) (can be used with 32.768 kHz crystal) * 4541 – 16-bit ripple counter with external RC oscillator (long duration). ;Analog * 4051 – Single 8-channel analog mux. * 4066 – Quad SPST analog switch.

References

External links

Understanding 4000-series digital logic ICs
– Nuts and Volts magazine

– Electronics Club
4000-series logic and analog circuitry
– Analog Devices {{DEFAULTSORT:4000 Series Digital electronics Integrated circuits

History

Design considerations

Common chips

See also

References

Further reading

External links