Philippoteaux Felix - Bonaparte a la bataille de Rivoli

Events

January–March

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

– The

Treaty of Tripoli The Treaty of Tripoli (''Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary'') was signed in 1796. It was the first treaty between the United States and Tripoli (now Libya) to secur ...

, a peace treaty between the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

and Ottoman Tripolitania, is signed at

Algiers Algiers ( ; ar, الجزائر, al-Jazāʾir; ber, Dzayer, script=Latn; french: Alger, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques ...

(''see also''

1796 Events January–March * January 16 – The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic. (The next Dutch general elections are held in 1888.) * February 1 – The capital ...

). *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

– The parliament of the

Cisalpine Republic The Cisalpine Republic ( it, Repubblica Cisalpina) was a sister republic of France in Northern Italy that existed from 1797 to 1799, with a second version until 1802. Creation After the Battle of Lodi in May 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte organiz ...

adopts the Italian green-white-red tricolour as the official flag (this is considered the birth of the

flag of Italy The national flag of Italy ( it, Bandiera d'Italia, ), often referred to in Italian as ''il Tricolore'' ( en, the Tricolour, ) is a tricolour (flag), tricolour featuring three equally sized vertical Pale (heraldry), pales of green, white and red, ...

). *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...

–

Action of 13 January 1797 The action of 13 January 1797 (known by the French as the Naufrage du ''Droits de l'Homme''; "shipwreck r sinkingof the ''Droits de l'Homme''") was a minor naval battle fought between a French ship of the line and two British frigates off the co ...

, part of the

War of the First Coalition The War of the First Coalition (french: Guerre de la Première Coalition) was a set of wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797 initially against the constitutional Kingdom of France and then the French Republic that suc ...

: Two British

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F ...

frigate A frigate () is a type of warship. In different eras, the roles and capabilities of ships classified as frigates have varied somewhat. The name frigate in the 17th to early 18th centuries was given to any full-rigged ship built for speed and ...

s, HMS ''Indefatigable'' and HMS ''Amazon'', drive the French

74-gun The "seventy-four" was a type of two- decked sailing ship of the line, which nominally carried 74 guns. It was developed by the French navy in the 1740s, replacing earlier classes of 60- and 62-gun ships, as a larger complement to the recently-de ...

ship of the line A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle, which depended on the two colu ...

'' Droits de l'Homme'' aground on the coast of

Brittany Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known ...

, with over 900 deaths. *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 *1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. *1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 *1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...

–

Battle of Rivoli The Battle of Rivoli (14–15 January 1797) was a key victory in the French campaign in Italy against Austria. Napoleon Bonaparte's 23,000 Frenchmen defeated an attack of 28,000 Austrians under General of the Artillery Jozsef Alvinczi, e ...

: French forces under General

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

defeat an Austrian army of 28,000 men, under ''

Feldzeugmeister ''Feldzeugmeister'' was a historical military rank in some German and the Austro-Hungarian armies, especially in use for the artillery. It was commonly used in the 16th or 17th century, but could even be found at the beginning of the 20th century i ...

József Alvinczi Freiherr Joseph Alvinczi von Borberek a.k.a. Baron József Alvinczi de Borberek (german: Joseph Alvinczy, Freiherr von Berberek; 1 February 1735 – 25 September 1810) was a soldier in the Habsburg Army and a field marshal of the Austrian Em ...

, near Rivoli (modern-day

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

), ending

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

's fourth and final attempt to relieve the fortress city of

Mantua Mantua ( ; it, Mantova ; Lombard language, Lombard and la, Mantua) is a city and ''comune'' in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the Province of Mantua, province of the same name. In 2016, Mantua was designated as the Italian Capital of Culture ...

. *

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. *1531 – The 6.4–7.1 1531 Lisbon earthquake, Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. *1564 – ...

– The Treaty of the

Third Partition of Poland The Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland–Lithuania and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polish ...

is signed in St. Petersburg by the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

and the

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (german: Königreich Preußen, ) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Re ...

. *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...

– Siege of Mantua: Field marshal Dagobert von Wurmser surrenders the fortress city to the French; only 16,000 men of the

garrison A garrison (from the French ''garnison'', itself from the verb ''garnir'', "to equip") is any body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it. The term now often applies to certain facilities that constitute a mil ...

are capable of marching out as prisoners of war. *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, uniting the fortunes of those two states. *1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire. *1488 – ...

– Battle of Faenza: A French corps (9,000 men) under General

Claude Victor-Perrin Claude-Victor Perrin, 1st Duke of Belluno (7 December 1764 – 1 March 1841) was a French soldier and military commander who served during both the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was made a Marshal of the Empire i ...

defeats the forces from the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; it, Stato Pontificio, ), officially the State of the Church ( it, Stato della Chiesa, ; la, Status Ecclesiasticus;), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope fro ...

, at

Castel Bolognese Castel Bolognese ( rgn, Castël Bulgnés) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Ravenna in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about southeast of Bologna and about southwest of Ravenna. As of 2006, it has a population of about ...

near

Faenza Faenza (, , ; rgn, Fènza or ; la, Faventia) is an Italian city and comune of 59,063 inhabitants in the province of Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, situated southeast of Bologna. Faenza is home to a historical manufacture of majolica-ware glazed eart ...

. *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

– The Riobamba earthquake in Ecuador, estimated magnitude 8.3, causes up to 40,000 casualties. *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 *1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sophie performed the first post-mortem autopsy for the purposes of teaching and demonstration at the Heiligen–Geist Spital in Vienna. *1429 – English forces under ...

– "

Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser "" (; ) was a personal anthem to Francis II, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and later of the Austrian Empire, with lyrics by Lorenz Leopold Haschka (1749–1827) and music by Joseph Haydn. It is sometimes called the "Kaiserhymne" (; Emperor's ...

" is first performed, with the music composed in January by

Joseph Haydn Franz Joseph Haydn ( , ; 31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the string quartet and piano trio. His contributions ...

, which also becomes the tune to the

Deutschlandlied The "" (; "Song of Germany"), officially titled "" (; "The Song of the Germans"), has been the national anthem of Germany either wholly or in part since 1922, except for a seven-year gap following World War II in West Germany. In East German ...

, the German national anthem (''Deutschland, Deutschland über alles'', later ''Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit''). *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

–

French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars (french: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted French First Republic, France against Ki ...

– Battle of Cape St. Vincent: The British

under Admiral Sir John Jervis defeats a larger Spanish fleet off

Cape St. Vincent Cape St. Vincent ( pt, Cabo de São Vicente, ) is a headland in the municipality of Vila do Bispo, in the Algarve, southern Portugal. It is the southwesternmost point of Portugal and of mainland Europe. History Cape St. Vincent was already sacr ...

, Portugal. *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. * 1268 &ndas ...

– Invasion of Trinidad: Spanish Governor

José María Chacón Don José María Chacón (1 January 1749 – 1 January 1833) was the last Spanish Governor of Trinidad, serving from 1783 to 1797. He was responsible for signing the Cedula of Population in 1783, leading to extensive French immigration to Trini ...

peacefully surrenders the colony of

Trinidad Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is often referred to as the southernmos ...

to a British naval force, commanded by Sir

Ralph Abercromby Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom), Lieutenant General Sir Ralph Abercromby (7 October 173428 March 1801) was a British people, British soldier and politician. He rose to the rank of lieutenant-general in the British Army, was appointed Gov ...

. *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

–

Treaty of Tolentino {{unreferenced, date=June 2018 The Treaty of Tolentino was a peace treaty between Revolutionary France and the Papal States, signed on 19 February 1797 and imposing terms of surrender on the Papal side. The signatories for France were the French Di ...

Pope Pius VI Pope Pius VI ( it, Pio VI; born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, 25 December 171729 August 1799) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in August 1799. Pius VI condemned the French Revoluti ...

signs a peace treaty with

Revolutionary France The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

. He is forced to deliver works of art, treasures, territory, the

Comtat Venaissin The Comtat Venaissin (; Provençal: , Mistralian norm: , classical norm: ; 'County of Venaissin'), often called the for short, was a part of the Papal States (1274‒1791) in what is now the region of France. The entire region was an enclav ...

and 30 million francs. *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Ferd ...

– The

last invasion of Britain The Battle of Fishguard was a military invasion of Great Britain by Revolutionary France during the War of the First Coalition. The brief campaign, on 22–24 February 1797, is the most recent landing on British soil by a hostile foreign force ...

begins: French forces, under the command of American Colonel William Tate, land near

Fishguard Fishguard ( cy, Abergwaun, meaning "Mouth of the River Gwaun") is a coastal town in Pembrokeshire, Wales, with a population of 3,419 in 2011; the community of Fishguard and Goodwick had a population of 5,407. Modern Fishguard consists of two pa ...

, Wales. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

– William Tate surrenders to the British at Fishguard. *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

– Bank Restriction Act removes the requirement for the

Bank of England The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker, and still one of the bankers for the Government of ...

(the national bank of Great Britain) to convert banknotes into gold - Restriction period lasts until 1821. The Bank of England issues the first one-pound and two-pound notes (pound notes discontinued

March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander. * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the ven ...

1988 File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...

). *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...

–

John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...

is sworn in as the second

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United Stat ...

, with an uneventful transition of power from the administration of George Washington. *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

– Protestant missionaries from the

London Missionary Society The London Missionary Society was an interdenominational evangelical missionary society formed in England in 1795 at the instigation of Welsh Congregationalist minister Edward Williams. It was largely Reformed in outlook, with Congregational miss ...

land in

Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian ; ; previously also known as Otaheite) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean and the nearest major landmass is Austr ...

, from the '' Duff'' (celebrated as Missionary Day in

French Polynesia )Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze") , anthem = , song_type = Regional anthem , song = " Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui" , image_map = French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg , map_alt = Location of Frenc ...

). *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

– ''

Médée ''Médée'' is a dramatic tragedy in five acts written in alexandrine verse by Pierre Corneille in 1635. Summary The heroine of the play is the sorceress Médée. After Médée gives Jason twin boys, Jason leaves her for Creusa. Médée ...

'', an opera by Luigi Cherubini, is premiered in Paris. *

March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang. *1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...

– Battle of Valvasone: The Austrian army, led by

Archduke Charles Archduke Charles Louis John Joseph Laurentius of Austria, Duke of Teschen (german: link=no, Erzherzog Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen; 5 September 177130 April 1847) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third s ...

, fights a

rearguard A rearguard is a part of a military force that protects it from attack from the rear, either during an advance or withdrawal. The term can also be used to describe forces protecting lines, such as communication lines, behind an army. Even more ...

action at the crossing of the

Tagliamento The Tagliamento () is a braided river in north-east Italy, flowing from the Alps to the Adriatic Sea at a point between Trieste and Venice. The Tagliamento river is considered as the last morphologically intact river in the Alps. (Its c ...

River, but is defeated by Napoleon Bonaparte at

Valvasone Valvasone Arzene () is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Pordenone in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about east of Pordenone. It was formed on 1 January 2015 after the merger of th ...

. *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...

– Battle of Parramatta: Resistance leader

Pemulwuy Pemulwuy (also rendered as Pimbloy, Pemulvoy, Pemulwoy, Pemulwy or Pemulwye, or sometimes by contemporary Europeans as Bimblewove, Bumbleway or Bembulwoyan) (c. 1750 – 2 June 1802) was a Bidjigal man of the Eora nation, born around 1750 in t ...

led a group of aboriginal warriors, estimated to be at least 100, in an attack on a government farm at

Toongabbie Toongabbie is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. One of the oldest suburbs in Sydney, Toongabbie is located approximately 30 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district and is part of the Greater W ...

Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ...

, Australia.

April–June

April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Otho commits suicide. * 73 – Masad ...

– The

Spithead and Nore mutinies The Spithead and Nore mutinies were two major mutinies by sailors of the Royal Navy in 1797. They were the first in an increasing series of outbreaks of maritime radicalism in the Atlantic World. Despite their temporal proximity, the mutinies d ...

break out in the British Royal Navy. *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

** Battle of San Juan: Sir

unsuccessfully invades

San Juan, Puerto Rico San Juan (, , ; Spanish for "Saint John") is the capital city and most populous municipality in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States. As of the 2020 census, it is the 57th-largest city under the jur ...

in what will be one of the largest British attacks on Spanish territories in the western hemisphere, and one of the worst defeats of the British Royal Navy for years to come. **

Veronese Easter The Veronese Easter ( it, Pasque Veronesi, or singular ; french: Pâques véronaises) was a rebellion during the Italian campaign of 1797, in which inhabitants of Verona and the surrounding areas revolted against the French occupying forces u ...

: Citizens of

Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Northern Italy, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city Comune, municipality in the region and the ...

, Italy, began an unsuccessful eight-day rebellion against the French occupying forces. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...

– Armistice of Leoben: On behalf of the

French Republic France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

, a delegation under Napoleon Bonaparte signs a

peace treaty A peace treaty is an agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually countries or governments, which formally ends a state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice An armistice is a formal agreement of warring ...

with the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a Polity, political entity in Western Europe, Western, Central Europe, Central, and Southern Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution i ...

Leoben Leoben () is a Styrian city in central Austria, located on the Mur river. With a population of about 25,000 it is a local industrial centre and hosts the University of Leoben, which specialises in mining. The Peace of Leoben, an armistice bet ...

. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

– The first ship of the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...

, the frigate USS ''United States'', is commissioned. *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...

–

: Napoleon Bonaparte conquers

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

, ending the city and

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...

's 1,100 years of independence. The last

doge of Venice The Doge of Venice ( ; vec, Doxe de Venexia ; it, Doge di Venezia ; all derived from Latin ', "military leader"), sometimes translated as Duke (compare the Italian '), was the chief magistrate and leader of the Republic of Venice between 726 a ...

Ludovico Manin Ludovico Giovanni Manin (; ; 14 May 1725 – 24 October 1802) was a Venetian politician, Venetian nobility, patrician, and the List of Doges of Venice, 120th and last Doge of Venice. He governed the Venetian Republic from 9 March 1789 until its ...

, steps down. The

Venetian Ghetto The Venetian Ghetto was the area of Venice in which Jews were forced to live by the government of the Venetian Republic. The English word ''ghetto'' is derived from the Jewish ghetto in Venice. The Venetian Ghetto was instituted on 29 March 151 ...

is thrown open. * May 30 – English abolitionist

William Wilberforce William Wilberforce (24 August 175929 July 1833) was a British politician, philanthropist and leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade. A native of Kingston upon Hull, Yorkshire, he began his political career in 1780, eventually becom ...

marries Barbara Ann Spooner about six weeks after their first meeting. *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...

– French troops disembark in

Corfu Corfu (, ) or Kerkyra ( el, Κέρκυρα, Kérkyra, , ; ; la, Corcyra.) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The isl ...

, beginning the First period of French rule in the Ionian Islands. *

June 29 Events Pre-1600 * 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei. *1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi. * 1194 – Sverre is crowned King of Norway, ...

– Napoleon Bonaparte decrees the birth of the

; he appoints ministers and establishes the first constitution.

July–September

Ataque británico en Santa Cruz de Tenerife

* July 9 – U.S. Senator

William Blount William Blount (March 26, 1749March 21, 1800) was an American Founding Father, statesman, farmer and land speculator who signed the United States Constitution. He was a member of the North Carolina delegation at the Constitutional Convention o ...

becomes the first federal legislator to be expelled from office, as his fellow Senators vote 25 to 1 to block him from his seat during an investigation against him on charges of criminal conspiracy. *

July 24 Events Pre-1600 *1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. * 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. *1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirl ...

–

Horatio Nelson Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronte (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a British flag officer in the Royal Navy. His inspirational leadership, grasp of strategy, and unconventional tactics brought abo ...

is wounded at the Battle of Santa Cruz, losing an arm. *

August 29 Events Pre-1600 * 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708). * 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzantine M ...

–

Massacre of Tranent The Massacre of Tranent took place on 29 August 1797 in the town of Tranent, East Lothian, Scotland. Proclamation On 28 August a proclamation was drawn up by local people to object to the conscription of Scots into the British Militia, to be ...

: British troops attack protestors against enforced recruitment into the

militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...

Tranent Tranent is a town in East Lothian (formerly Haddingtonshire), in the south-east of Scotland. The town lies 6 miles from the boundary of Edinburgh, and 9.1 miles from the city centre. It lies beside the A1 road, the A1 runs through the paris ...

Scotland Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the ...

, killing 12. *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne ove ...

– The Coup of 18 Fructidor is carried out in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

as three of the five members of

The Directory The Directory (also called Directorate, ) was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 2 November 1795 until 9 November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced b ...

, France's executive council, arrested royalist members of the

Council of Five Hundred The Council of Five Hundred (''Conseil des Cinq-Cents''), or simply the Five Hundred, was the lower house of the legislature of France under the Constitution of the Year III. It existed during the period commonly known (from the name of the ...

, the national legislature, and discard the results of the spring elections. *

September 5 Events Pre-1600 * 917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. *1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava *1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry ...

– France's new government decrees that citizens who left the country without authorization are subject to the death penalty if they return. *

September 30 Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their b ...

–

Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret Dominique-Vincent Ramel (called Ramel de Nogaret; 3 November 1760 – 31 March 1829) was a French lawyer and politician who became Minister of Finance under the French Directory. He was an energetic reformer, but was blamed for many of the financia ...

, French finance minister, repudiates two thirds of France's debt.

October–December

October 11 Events Pre-1600 *1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever. *1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. * 1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of Engl ...

–

Battle of Camperdown The Battle of Camperdown (known in Dutch as the ''Zeeslag bij Kamperduin'') was a major naval action fought on 11 October 1797, between the British North Sea Fleet under Admiral Adam Duncan and a Batavian Navy (Dutch) fleet under Vice-Admiral ...

: the British Royal Navy defeats the fleet of the

Batavian Republic The Batavian Republic ( nl, Bataafse Republiek; french: République Batave) was the successor state to the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. It was proclaimed on 19 January 1795 and ended on 5 June 1806, with the accession of Louis Bona ...

off the coast of

Holland Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former province on the western coast of the Netherlands. From the 10th to the 16th c ...

. *

October 17 Events Pre-1600 * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian establishes the Zhou Dynasty of China. *1091 – London tornado of 1091: A tornado thought to be of strength T8/F4 strikes the heart of London. *1346 – The English capture King Davi ...

– The

Treaty of Campo Formio The Treaty of Campo Formio (today Campoformido) was signed on 17 October 1797 (26 Vendémiaire VI) by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl as representatives of the French Republic and the Austrian monarchy, respectively. The treat ...

ends the

. *

October 18 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation. * 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philos ...

– The

XYZ Affair The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to the Quasi-War. The name derives from the subst ...

inflames tensions between France and the United States when American negotiators Charles Cotesworth Pinckney,

John Marshall John Marshall (September 24, 1755July 6, 1835) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 until his death in 1835. He remains the longest-serving chief justice and fourth-longes ...

, and Elbridge Gerry meet with French government representatives

Jean-Conrad Hottinguer Baron Jean-Conrad Hottinguer (15 February 1764, Zurich – 12 September 1841, Castle Piple, Boissy-Saint-Léger) was a Swiss-born French banker who later became a Baron of the French Empire. Biography Career In 1784, Hottinguer left the city ...

, Pierre Bellamy and Lucien Hauteval and are told that a treaty between France and the U.S. will require payment of a bribe to France's Foreign Minister Charles Talleyrand and a large loan of American cash to France. Pinckney tells people later that his response was "No, no, not a sixpence!"; Hottinguer, Bellamy and Hauteval are referred to, respectively, as "X", "Y" and "Z" in U.S. government reports on the failed negotiations. *

October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade. *1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, begin the Siege of A ...

– In

Boston Harbor Boston Harbor is a natural harbor and estuary of Massachusetts Bay, and is located adjacent to the city of Boston, Massachusetts. It is home to the Port of Boston, a major shipping facility in the northeastern United States. History ...

, the 44-gun United States Navy frigate is launched to fight

Barbary pirates The Barbary pirates, or Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Muslim pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli. This area was known i ...

off the coast of

Tripoli Tripoli or Tripolis may refer to: Cities and other geographic units Greece *Tripoli, Greece, the capital of Arcadia, Greece * Tripolis (region of Arcadia), a district in ancient Arcadia, Greece * Tripolis (Larisaia), an ancient Greek city in ...

; the ship will remain in commission in the 21st century. *

October 22 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted by the Council of Chalcedon, an ecumenical council. * 794 – Emperor Kanmu relocates the Japanese capital to Heian-kyō (no ...

–

André-Jacques Garnerin André-Jacques Garnerin (31 January 176918 August 1823) was a French balloonist and the inventor of the frameless parachute. He was appointed Official Aeronaut of France. Biography Garnerin was born in Paris. He was captured by British tr ...

makes the first parachute descent, at Parc Monceau, Paris; he uses a silk parachute to descend approximately from a hot air balloon. *

November November is the eleventh and penultimate month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars, the fourth and last of four months to have a length of 30 days and the fifth and last of five months to have a length of fewer than 31 days. No ...

– 1797 Rugby School rebellion: The students at

Rugby School Rugby School is a public school (English independent boarding school for pupils aged 13–18) in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. Founded in 1567 as a free grammar school for local boys, it is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain. ...

in England rebel against the headmaster, Henry Ingles, after he decrees that the damage to a tradesman's windows should be paid for by the students. *

November 16 Events Pre-1600 * 951 – Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing, ending the Chu Kingdom. *1272 – Whi ...

** The Prussian heir apparent, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia as Fredrick William III. ** (or November 23?) – British

is wrecked on the approaches to

Halifax, Nova Scotia Halifax is the capital and largest municipality of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, and the largest municipality in Atlantic Canada. As of the 2021 Census, the municipal population was 439,819, with 348,634 people in its urban area. The ...

; of the 240 on board, all but 12 are lost.

Undated

* The secret Lautaro Lodge as the ''Logia de los Caballeros Racionales'' ("Lodge of Rational Knights") is founded, perhaps in

Cádiz Cádiz (, , ) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the Province of Cádiz, one of eight that make up the autonomous community of Andalusia. Cádiz, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe, ...

; membership will include many leaders of the

Spanish American wars of independence The Spanish American wars of independence (25 September 1808 – 29 September 1833; es, Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) were numerous wars in Spanish America with the aim of political independence from Spanish rule during the early ...

such as

Francisco de Miranda Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez de Espinoza (28 March 1750 – 14 July 1816), commonly known as Francisco de Miranda (), was a Venezuelan military leader and revolutionary. Although his own plans for the independence of the Spani ...

Bernardo O'Higgins Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (; August 20, 1778 – October 24, 1842) was a Chilean independence leader who freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. He was a wealthy landowner of Basque-Spanish and Irish ancestry. Althou ...

and

José de San Martín José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (25 February 177817 August 1850), known simply as José de San Martín () or '' the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru'', was an Argentine general and the primary leader of the southern and cent ...

. * Shinyukan Cram School (進修館) founded by Masataka Okudaira (奥平昌孝) in Nakatsu, Buzen Province (now

Oita Prefecture Oita often refers to: * Ōita Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan * Ōita (city), the capital of the prefecture Oita or Ōita may also refer to: Places * Ōita District, Ōita, a former district in Ōita Prefecture, Japan *Ōita Stadium, a multi-use stad ...

Kyushu Island is the third-largest island of Japan's five main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands ( i.e. excluding Okinawa). In the past, it has been known as , and . The historical regional name referred to Kyushu and its surroun ...

, as predecessor of Keio-Gijyuku University in Japan. * Joseph-Louis Lagrange publishes his treatise on

differential calculus In mathematics, differential calculus is a subfield of calculus that studies the rates at which quantities change. It is one of the two traditional divisions of calculus, the other being integral calculus—the study of the area beneath a curve. ...

, entitled ''Théorie des fonctions analytiques''.

Births

January–March

Franz Schubert by Wilhelm August Rieder 1875

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

Christopher Jacob Boström Christopher Jacob Boström (1 January 1797 in Piteå, Norrbotten – 22 March 1866 in Uppsala) was a Swedish philosopher. His ideas dominated Swedish philosophy until the beginning of the twentieth century.

, Swedish philosopher (d.

1866 Events January–March * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine '' The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman tr ...

) **

Utagawa Kuniyoshi Utagawa Kuniyoshi ( ja, 歌川国芳, ; January 1, 1798 – April 14, 1861) was one of the last great masters of the Japanese ukiyo-e style of woodblock prints and painting.Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al'' (2005). "Kuniyoshi" in He was a ...

, Japanese woodblock printer (''ukiyo-e'') (d.

1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-p ...

) *

–

Frederick William Hope Frederick William Hope (3 January 1797 – 15 April 1862) was an English clergyman, naturalist, collector, and entomologist, who founded a professorship at the University of Oxford to which he gave his entire collections of insects in 1849 (now ...

, English entomologist at the University of Oxford (d.

1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...

) *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

–

Wilhelm Beer Wilhelm Wolff Beer (4 January 1797 – 27 March 1850) was a banker and astronomer from Berlin, Prussia, and the brother of Giacomo Meyerbeer. Astronomy Beer's fame derives from his hobby, astronomy. He built a private observatory with a ...

, German banker, astronomer (d. 1850) *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Turckh ...

–

Eduard Vogel von Falckenstein Eduard Ernst Friedrich Hannibal Vogel von Fal(c)kenstein (5 January 1797 – 6 April 1885) was a Prussian '' General der Infanterie''. Biography Vogel von Falckenstein was born in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland) in Silesia, the son of Hannibal Vo ...

, Prussian general (d. 1885) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

–

Edward Turner Bennett Edward Turner Bennett (6 January 1797 – 21 August 1836) was an English zoologist and writer. He was the elder brother of the botanist John Joseph Bennett.

, English zoologist and writer (d.

1836 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. * January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas. * January 12 ** , with Charles Darwin on board, r ...

) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

–

Edmund Murray Dodd Edmund Murray Dodd (January 9, 1797 – July 27, 1876) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Nova Scotia. He represented the township of Sydney in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1832 to 1848. He was born in Sydney, Nova Scotia ...

, Canadian lawyer (d.

1876 Events January–March * January 1 ** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin. ** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol. * February 2 – The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs i ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

–

Annette von Droste-Hülshoff Baroness Anna Elisabeth Franziska Adolphine Wilhelmine Louise Maria von Droste zu Hülshoff, known as Annette von Droste-Hülshoff (; 10 January 179724 May 1848), was a 19th-century German poet, novelist, and composer of Classical music. She was ...

, German writer (d. 1848) *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...

** Carl Rottmann, German landscape painter, the most famous member of the Rottmann family of painters (d. 1850) **

Connop Thirlwall Connop Thirlwall (11 January 1797 – 27 July 1875) was an English bishop (in Wales) and historian. Early life Thirlwall was born at Stepney, London, to Thomas and Susannah Thirlwall. His father was an Anglican priest who claimed descent from ...

, English bishop (in Wales), historian (d.

1875 Events January–March * January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the ...

) *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...

Gideon Brecher Gideon Brecher (; 12 January 1797 – 14 May 1873), also known by the pen name Gedaliah ben Eliezer (, was an Austrian writer and physician. He was a central figure in the Moravian Haskalah. Biography Brecher was born in Prossnitz, Moravia, a ...

, Austrian physician, writer (d. 1873) *

–

George Agar-Ellis, 1st Baron Dover George James Welbore Agar-Ellis, 1st Baron Dover PC FRS FSA (14 January 179710 July 1833) was a British politician and man of letters. He was briefly First Commissioner of Woods and Forests under Lord Grey between 1830 and 1831. Background ...

, British peer and man of letters (d.

1833 Events January–March * January 3 – Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833), Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. * February 6 – His Royal Highness Prince Otto ...

) *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

–

Vincenz Kollar Vincenz Kollar (15 January 1797 in Kranowitz, Silesia – 30 May 1860 in Vienna) was an Austrian entomologist who specialised in Diptera. He was especially concerned with species of economic interest, particularly those of forests. Kollar descr ...

, Austrian entomologist specializing in Diptera (d. 1860) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

–

Joseph Barclay Pentland Joseph Barclay Pentland (17 January 1797Joseph Barclay Pentland
in ''Dictionary of U ...

, Irish geographer (d. 1873) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...

** Henri-Bernard Dabadie, French baritone (d. 1853) ** Cornelia Aletta van Hulst, Dutch painter (d. 1870) *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

–

Jonathan Leavitt Jonathan Leavitt (1764–1830) was a prominent Greenfield, Massachusetts attorney, judge, state senator and businessman for whom the architect Asher Benjamin designed the Leavitt House, now the Leavitt-Hovey House on Main Street, in 1797. ...

, American bookbinder, co-founder of the New York City publishing firm of Leavitt & Trow (d. 1852) *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Co ...

–

Joseph Méry Joseph Méry (21 January 179717 June 1866) was a French writer, journalist, novelist, poet, playwright and librettist. Career An ardent romanticist, he collaborated with Auguste Barthélemy in many of his satires and wrote a great number of st ...

, French writer (d.

) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

** Archduchess

Maria Leopoldina of Austria Dona Maria Leopoldina of Austria (22 January 1797 – 11 December 1826) was the first Empress of Brazil as the wife of Emperor Dom Pedro I from 12 October 1822 until her death. She was also Queen of Portugal during her husband's brief r ...

(d. 1826) **

Thomas Moore-Lane Thomas Moore-Lane (22 January 1797 – 26 September 1844) was born in Co. Wexford, Ireland and was son of Robert Moore-Lane of Lansboro, and Emily Gordon. His surname has also been recorded as Moore Lane. Career Thomas Moore-Lane (F.R.C.S), w ...

, Irish oculist, surgeon, physician to the Nawab (d. 1844) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

–

Leo Dupont Venerable Leo Dupont (24 January 1797 – 18 March 1876), also known as ''"The Holy Man of Tours,"'' or the "Apostle of the Holy Face", was a Catholic who helped spread various Catholic devotions such as that of the Holy Face of Jesus and night ...

, Martinique-born Venerated French Catholic, who helped spread various Catholic devotions (d.

) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

Achille Rémy Percheron Achille Rémy Percheron (25 January 1797 Paris – 1869) was a French entomologist. He listed, in ''Bibliographie entomologique'' more than 5 000 authors and 500 anonymous contributions. Works *With Hippolyte Louis Gory Hippolyte Louis Gory (2 ...

, French entomologist (d. 1869) ** John Stuart, 12th Earl of Moray (d. 1867) *

–

Therese Albertine Luise Robinson Therese Albertine Luise von Jakob Robinson (26 January 1797 – 13 April 1870) was a German-American author, linguist and translator, and second wife of biblical scholar Edward Robinson (scholar), Edward Robinson. She published under the pseudonym ...

, German-American author (d. 1870) *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession o ...

–

Narcisse Girard Narcisse Girard (28 January 179716 January 1860) was a French violinist, conductor and composer.Walsh TJ. ''Second Empire Opera – The Théâtre-Lyrique Paris 1851-1870.'' John Calder Ltd, London, 1981. Life Girard was born in Nantes. A pupil ...

, French violinist (d. 1860) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler o ...

** Marguerite Beaubien, Canadian nun, mother superior with the Sisters of Charity (d. 1848) **

Prince Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen Adolf Karl Friedrich Ludwig Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (29 January 1797 – 24 April 1873) was a Prussian nobleman, soldier, and politician. He briefly served as Minister-President of Prussia in 1862 and was succeeded by Otto von Bismarck ...

, Prussian nobleman (d. 1873) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

–

Edwin Vose Sumner Edwin Vose Sumner (January 30, 1797March 21, 1863) was a career United States Army officer who became a Union Army general and the oldest field commander of any Army Corps on either side during the American Civil War. His nicknames "Bull" or "Bul ...

, career United States Army officer who became a Union Army general during the American Civil War (d. 1863) *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...

–

Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (; 31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras. Despite his short lifetime, Schubert left behind a vast ''oeuvre'', including more than 600 secular vocal wor ...

, Austrian pianist, composer (d. 1828) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

– Frederick Sullivan, English first-class cricketer associated with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) (d. 1873) *

Joseph Louis Corbin Joseph Louis Corbin (2 February 1797 – November 1859) was a French general who took command of the successful attack that closed the Siege of Constantine in 1837. He also served in the 1849 expedition to Rome, and helped restore calm in Paris af ...

, French general who took command of the successful attack that lifted the Siege of Constantine in 1837 (d. 1859) **

Bertha Zück Bertha (''Anna Barbara'') Zück, also called ''Babette'' (2 February 1797 – 20 February 1868 at Stockholm Palacesvar.ra.se, SCB döda, Stockholms katolskaAnna Barbara Zück/ref>), was the German favourite, Lady's maid and treasurer of Queen Jose ...

, German-born treasurer of Queen Josephine of Sweden (d.

1868 Events January–March * January 2 – British Expedition to Abyssinia: Robert Napier leads an expedition to free captive British officials and missionaries. * January 3 – The 15-year-old Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Jap ...

) *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– György Andrássy, Hungarian nobleman (d.

1872 Events January–March * January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years. * February 2 – The government of the United Kingdom buys a number of forts on ...

) *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...

Richard Hawes Richard Hawes Jr. (February 6, 1797 – May 25, 1877) was a United States representative from Kentucky and the second Confederate Governor of Kentucky. He was part of the politically influential Hawes family. His brother, uncle, and cousin al ...

, United States Representative from Kentucky and the second Confederate Governor of Kentucky (d. 1877) **

Vaast Barthélemy Henry Vaast Barthélemy Henry, called Abbé Henry, (6 February 1797 – 21 February 1884) was a French Catholic priest, parish priest of Quarré-les-Tombes from 1823 to 1884. He is known as a regional historian. Biography Henry was born in Seignelay ...

, French Catholic priest (d. 1884) **

Joseph von Radowitz Joseph Maria Ernst Christian Wilhelm von Radowitz (6 February 1797 – 25 December 1853) was a conservative Prussian statesman and general famous for his proposal to unify Germany under Prussian leadership by means of a negotiated agreemen ...

, conservative Prussian statesman, general (d. 1853) *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, spar ...

–

George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall George Hamilton Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall (10 February 1797 – 20 October 1883), styled Viscount Chichester until 1799 and Earl of Belfast between 1799 and 1844, was an Anglo-Irish landowner, courtier and politician. He served as V ...

, British landowner, courtier and politician (d.

1883 Events January–March * January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States. * January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people. * Ja ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

–

Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, (11 February 1797 – 29 July 1861), styled Viscount Cobham from birth until 1813, Earl Temple between 1813 and 1822 and Marquess of Chand ...

, English Conservative politician (d.

) *

–

John Timon John Timon, C.M. (February 12, 1797 – April 16, 1867) was a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the bishop of the new Diocese of Buffalo in Western New York and founder of the brothers of the Holy Infancy religious order. B ...

, first Roman Catholic Bishop of Buffalo (d. 1867) *

– Pierre Sylvain Dumon, French politician, deputy (1831-1848) (d. 1870) *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– Henry Engelhard Steinway, German-American piano manufacturer (d. 1871) *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...

– Charles Alexandre, French Hellenist (d. 1870) *

Jean-Baptiste Boucho Jean-Baptiste Boucho (February 18, 1797-March 6, 1871) was the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Singapore#Ordinaries, Vicar Apostolic of Malacca-Singapore.

, French-born Vicar Apostolic of Malacca-Singapore (d. 1871) ** John Day, Liberian politician and jurist, 2nd Chief Justice of Liberia (1854 until his death) (d. 1859) *

Giuseppe Avezzana Giuseppe Avezzana was an Italian soldier who fought in Europe and America. Biography Avezzana served under Napoleon I from 1813 until the fall of the empire. Afterwards, he joined the Sardinian army. In 1815, he arrayed against his old leader, wh ...

, Italian soldier fighting in Europe and America (d. 1879) **

Wincenty Smokowski Wincenty Smokowski ( lt, Vincentas Smakauskas; 19 February 1797, Vilnius — 13 February 1876, Krikonys, Ignalina Raion), was a Polish-Lithuanian painter and illustrator in the Academic and Classical styles. He created portraits, historical sc ...

, Polish-Lithuanian painter, illustrator (Academic and Classical styles) (d.

) *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The Prus ...

– João Mouzinho de Albuquerque, Portuguese writer, administrator (d. 1881) *

Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance (22 February 1797, in Saint-Pal-de-Chalencon – 18 April 1832, Paris) was a French pathologist remembered for Dance's sign. He was the son of a physician, and studied medicine in Paris, gaining his M.D. in 1826. ...

, French pathologist remembered for Dance's sign (d. 1832) **

Yelizaveta Golitsyna Sister Yelizaveta Alexeyevna Golitsyna (also Elizabeth Gallitzin) (born on 22 February 1797, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire - died on 26 November 1844, Louisiana, United States) was a Russians, Russian noble and Catholic Church, Catholic nun, w ...

, Russian noble, Catholic nun (d. 1844) *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

–

Heinrich Halfeld Heinrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Halfeld, also known in Portuguese as Henrique Guilherme Fernando Halfeld, (23 February 1797 – 22 November 1873) was a German engineer. He was born in Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Kingdom of Hanover, and studied at the ...

, German engineer (d. 1873) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 13 ...

–

Samuel Lover Samuel Lover (24 February 1797 – 6 July 1868), also known as "Ben Trovato" ("well invented"), was an Irish songwriter, composer and novelist, and a portrait painter, chiefly in miniatures. He was the grandfather of Victor Herbert. Life Lov ...

, Irish songwriter (d.

) *

– Maria Abdy, English poet (d. 1867) *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

Wilhelm Meinhold Johannes Wilhelm Meinhold (27 February 1797Bridgwater (2000), p. 213. – 30 November 1851) was a Pomeranian priest and author. Life Meinhold was born in Lütow on the island of Usedom, where his father Georg Wilhelm Meinhold (1767–1728) ...

, Pomeranian priest, author (d. 1851) ** Henry George Ward, English diplomat, politician, and colonial administrator (d. 1860) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

– John Henderson, Mississippi lawyer, United States Senator (d.

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Janua ...

) *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...

–

Étienne Mulsant Martial Étienne Mulsant (2 March 1797, Marnand, Rhône – 4 November 1880) was a French entomologist and ornithologist. Biography Initially employed in commerce, Mulsant wrote ''Lettres à Julie sur l'entomologie, suivies d'une description mé ...

, French entomologist, ornithologist (d. 1880) *

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 &nd ...

–

Gotthilf Hagen Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen (3 March 1797 – 3 February 1884) was a German civil engineer who made important contributions to fluid dynamics, hydraulic engineering and probability theory. Life and work Hagen was born in Königsberg, East Prus ...

, German civil engineer who made important contributions to fluid dynamics (d. 1884) *

** Friedrich von Gerolt, Prussian Privy Councillor, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary in the United States (d. 1879) **

James Rider James Rider (March 5, 1797 Springfield Gardens, Queens, Springfield, Queens County, New York – April 30, 1876 Jamaica, Queens, Jamaica, Queens Co., NY) was an American politician from New York (state), New York. Life He was the son of John Rider ...

, American politician from New York (d.

) *

March 6 Events Pre-1600 * 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor. * 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. * 845 & ...

–

Gerrit Smith Gerrit Smith (March 6, 1797 – December 28, 1874), also spelled Gerritt Smith, was a leading American social reformer, abolitionist, businessman, public intellectual, and philanthropist. Married to Ann Carroll Fitzhugh, Smith was a candidat ...

, American social reformer (d. 1874) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...

–

Édouard Thibaudeau Édouard Thibaudeau (March 7, 1797 – August 21, 1836) was a lawyer and political figure in Lower Canada. He represented Bonaventure in the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada from 1830 to 1836. His surname also appears as Thibodeau. He wa ...

, Lower Canadian lawyer, political figure (d.

) *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a ...

** Henry Acton, English Unitarian minister (d. 1843) **

Selah R. Hobbie Selah Reeve Hobbie (March 10, 1797 – March 23, 1854) was an American lawyer and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1827 to 1829. Biography Born in Newburgh, New York, Hobbie studied law. He was a ...

, United States Representative from New York (d.

1854 Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The Teut ...

) **

Henry Liddell, 1st Earl of Ravensworth Henry Thomas Liddell, 1st Earl of Ravensworth (10 March 1797 – 19 March 1878) was a British peer and Member of Parliament for several constituencies. Liddell was the eldest son of Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth. He was educated at Eton ...

, British peer, Member of Parliament for several constituencies (d. 1878) **

George Julius Poulett Scrope George Julius Poulett Scrope FRS (10 March 1797 – 19 January 1876) was an English geologist and political economist as well as a Member of Parliament and magistrate for Stroud in Gloucestershire. While an undergraduate at Cambridge, th ...

, English geologist, political economist and magistrate (d.

) * March 12 – Benjamin Caesar, English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket (1824-1830) (d. 1867) *

Eleazer Parmly Eleazar Parmly (March 13, 1797 – December 13, 1874) was an American dentist in New York City during the early 1800s. He was the first Provost of The University of Maryland School of Dentistry, the first dental school established in the United ...

, American dentist in New York City (d. 1874) **

Charles de Rémusat Charles François Marie, Comte de Rémusat (, 13 March 1797 – 6 June 1875), was a French politician and writer. Biography He was born in Paris. His father, Auguste Laurent, Comte de Rémusat, whose family came from Toulouse, was chamber ...

, French politician and writer (d.

) ** George Bacon Wood, American physician (d. 1879) *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. *44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odoa ...

–

Benjamin Guérard Benjamin Guérard, (15 March 1797 – 10 March 1854) was a 19th-century French librarian and historian, especially known for his edition of cartularies of abbeys of the Carolingian period. Biography Born in a family of Burgundian bourgeois ...

, French librarian, historian (d.

) *

Lavinia Ryves Lavinia Jannetta Horton Ryves (née Serres; 16 March 1797 – 7 December 1871), was a British woman claiming to be a member of the British royal family, calling herself "Princess Lavinia of Cumberland". Born in Liverpool, England, Lavinia was the ...

, British woman claiming to be a member of the British royal family (d. 1871) **

Alaric Alexander Watts Alaric Alexander Watts (16 March 1797 – 5 April 1864) was a British poet and journalist, born in London. His life was dedicated to newspaper creation and editing, and he was seen as a conservative writer. It led him to bankruptcy, when a p ...

, British poet, journalist (d.

1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song " ...

) *

March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eigh ...

Andrew Fernando Holmes Andrew Fernando Holmes (March 17, 1797 – October 9, 1860) was a Canadian physician, academic, and one of the founders of the Montreal Medical Institution, the first medical school in Canada. Holmes' family was emigrating to North America when th ...

, Canadian physician (d. 1860) **

Johann Adam Pupikofer Johann Adam Pupikofer (17 March 1797 – 28 July 1882) was a Swiss historian, from 1861 curator of the Thurgau cantonal archive in Frauenfeld. Pupikofer is known for his ''History of Thurgau'' (published in two volumes 1828, 1830). He also aut ...

, Swiss historian, curator of the Thurgau cantonal archive in Frauenfeld (d. 1882) *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...

–

Michel Goudchaux Michel Goudchaux (18 March 1797 – 27 December 1862) was a French banker and politician who was twice Minister of Finance during the French Second Republic. A firm Republican, he refused to accept the government of Napoleon III. Early years M ...

, French banker, politician who was twice Minister of Finance during the French Second Republic (d.

) *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...

** John Braithwaite, English engineer, inventor of the first steam fire engine (d. 1870) **

Addison Gardiner Addison Gardiner (March 19, 1797 – June 5, 1883) was an American lawyer and politician who served as Lieutenant governor of New York from 1845 to 1847 and Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals from 1854 to 1855. Early life and career ...

, American lawyer and politician, Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals (1854-1855) (d.

) *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 * 673 – Emperor Emperor Tenmu, Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Asuka, Yamato#Imperial Palaces, Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka, Yamato, Asuka. *1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Au ...

– John Roberton, Scottish physician, social reformer (d.

) *

–

Johann Andreas Wagner Johann Andreas Wagner (21 March 1797 – 17 December 1861) was a German palaeontologist, zoologist and archaeologist who wrote several important works on palaeontology. Career Wagner was a professor at the University of Munich, and curator ...

, German palaeontologist (d.

) *

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelr ...

Eduard Gans Eduard Gans (March 22, 1797 – May 5, 1839) was a German jurist. Biography Gans was born in Berlin to prosperous Jewish parents. He studied law first at the Friedrich Wilhelm University, Berlin, then at Göttingen, and finally at Heidelberg, w ...

, German jurist (d. 1839) ** Emperor

Wilhelm I of Germany William I or Wilhelm I (german: Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the f ...

(d. 1888) **

Jean-Bernard Rousseau Jean-Bernard Rousseau (22 March 1797 – 13 April 1867) was a French people, French Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholic professed religious of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools – or the De La Salle Brothers. He assumed th ...

, French Roman Catholic professed religious of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (d. 1867) ** Józef Zaliwski, Polish independence activist (d. 1855) *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 *1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. *1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last rel ...

–

Ernest Edgcumbe, 3rd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe Ernest Augustus Edgcumbe, 3rd Earl of Mount Edgcumbe (23 March 1797 – 3 September 1861), styled Viscount Valletort between 1818 and 1837, was a British peer and politician. Background Mount Edgcumbe was the second but eldest surviving son of R ...

, English politician (d.

) *

March 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. *1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian-Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margate off ...

Abraham Hoagland Abraham Lucas Hoagland (March 24, 1797 – February 14, 1872) was an early Mormon leader, pioneer, and one of the founders of Royal Oak, Michigan, and Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Early life Hoagland was born on March 24, 1797, in Hillsborough ...

, early American Mormon leader (d.

) **

Thomas B. Jackson Thomas Birdsall Jackson (March 24, 1797 – April 23, 1881) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1837 to 1841. Biography Born in Jerusalem, Long Island, New York, Jackson a ...

, United States Representative from New York (d. 1881) **

Sackville Lane-Fox Sackville Walter Lane-Fox (24 March 1797 – 18 August 1874), was a British Conservative Party politician. Background Lane-Fox was the son of James Fox-Lane, of Bramham Park, West Yorkshire, by the Honourable Mary Lucy, daughter of George Pit ...

, British Conservative Party politician (d. 1874) **

Antonio Rosmini-Serbati Blessed Antonio Francesco Davide Ambrogio Rosmini-Serbati (; Rovereto, 25 March 1797Stresa, 1 July 1855) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and philosopher. He founded the Rosminians, officially the Institute of Charity or , pioneered th ...

, Italian Catholic priest, philosopher (d. 1855) * March 25 ** Auguste-Arthur, Comte de Beugnot, French historian, statesman (d. 1865) **

J. G. M. Ramsey James Gettys McGready Ramsey (March 25, 1797 – April 11, 1884) was an American historian, physician, planter, slave owner, and businessman, active primarily in East Tennessee during the nineteenth century. Ramsey is perhaps best known for h ...

, American historian (d. 1884) **

John Winebrenner John Winebrenner (March 25, 1797September 12, 1860), founded the Churches of God General Conference. Life Winebrenner was born in Walkersville, Maryland. He studied at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was ordained in the German Refo ...

, American founder of the Churches of God General Conference (d. 1860) *

March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. *1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, ...

** Fortunato José Barreiros, Portuguese colonial administrator, military architect (d. 1885) **

Joseph Fielding Joseph Fielding (March 26, 1797 – December 19, 1863) was an early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. He served as the second president of the British Mission (1838–1840), coordinating the activities of missionaries in sections of the Uni ...

, early American leader of the Latter Day Saint movement (d. 1863) ** Hedworth Lambton, Liberal Party politician in the United Kingdom (d.

) *

March 27 Events Pre-1600 *1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and Interdict (Catholic canon law), interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. ...

** John Dix Fisher, physician and founder of Perkins Institution for the Blind in Boston (d. 1850) **

George Glyn, 1st Baron Wolverton George Carr Glyn, 1st Baron Wolverton (27 March 1797 – 24 July 1873) was a banker with interests in the railways, a partner in the family firm of Glyn, Mills & Co., which was reputed to be the largest private bank in London. Background He was ...

, English banker with interests in the railways (d. 1873) **

Heinrich LXXII, Prince Reuss of Lobenstein and Ebersdorf Heinrich LXXII, Prince Reuss of Lobenstein and Ebersdorf (27 March 1797 – 17 February 1853) was the ruling prince of Reuss-Lobenstein from 7 May 1824 until his abdication on 1 October 1848, and of Reuss-Ebersdorf from 1822 to 1848. He was a co ...

(d. 1853) **

Alfred de Vigny Alfred Victor, Comte de Vigny (27 March 1797 – 17 September 1863) was a French poet and early French Romanticist. He also produced novels, plays, and translations of Shakespeare. Biography Vigny was born in Loches (a town to which he never r ...

, French poet, early leader of French Romanticism (d. 1863) *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Di ...

– George O. Belden, American politician, Representative from New York (d.

) *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving. * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...

– Charles I. du Pont, American manufacturer, politician (d. 1869) *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine the Great, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. *1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at V� ...

William Ryerson William Ryerson (31 March 1797 – 15 September 1872) was a Methodist minister and political figure in Canada West. He was born in Maugerville, New Brunswick in 1797 and grew up in Norfolk County in Upper Canada. Ryerson served with his fath ...

, Methodist minister, political figure in western Canada (d.

) **

Walter Calverley Trevelyan Sir Walter Calverley Trevelyan FGS FRSE (31 March 1797 – 23 March 1879) was an English naturalist and geologist. Life He was born in 1797 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the eldest son of Sir John Trevelyan, fifth baronet, of Nettlecombe, Somerset ...

, English naturalist, geologist (d. 1879)

April–June

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Ko ...

Sir William Alexander, 3rd Baronet Sir William John Alexander, 3rd Baronet QC (1 April 1797 – 31 March 1873) was a British lawyer. He was the elder son of Sir Robert Alexander, 2nd Baronet and his wife Elisa Wallis, daughter of John Wallis. In 1859, he succeeded his father as ba ...

of England (d. 1873) **

Ludwig Titze Ludwig Titze or Tietze (1 April 1797, 11 January 1850) was a singer who gave a number of first public performances of Franz Schubert's songs and other vocal works. He was a member of the Imperial chapel ('Hofkapelle'), Vienna, and of the Tonkünstle ...

, Austrian singer associated with Franz Schubert's songs (d. 1850) *

April 2 Events Pre-1600 *1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St. Jo ...

Samuel Bogart Samuel Bogart (2 April 1797 – 11 March 1861) was an itinerant Methodist minister and militia captain from Ray County, Missouri who played a prominent role in the 1838 Missouri Mormon War before later moving to Collin County, Texas, where h ...

, itinerant Methodist minister, militia captain from Ray County, Missouri (d.

) **

Joseph-François Deblois Joseph-François Deblois (April 2, 1797 – August 10, 1860) was a lawyer, judge and political figure in Lower Canada. He was born in the town of Quebec in 1797, the son of a merchant, and studied at the Petit Séminaire de Québec. He serve ...

, Lower Canadian lawyer (d. 1860) ** John Peter Gassiot, English businessman, amateur scientist (d. 1877) **

Dunning R. McNair Dunning Robert McNair (April 2, 1797 – March 16, 1875) was the Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate from March 17, 1853, to July 6, 1861. Biography Dunning R. McNair was born in what would become Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, on April 2, 17 ...

, Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate (1853-1861) (d.

) **

David Robertson, 1st Baron Marjoribanks David Robertson, 1st Baron Marjoribanks (2 April 1797 – 19 June 1873), was a Scottish stockbroker and politician. Background Born David Marjoribanks, he was the fourth son of Sir John Marjoribanks, 1st Baronet, MP and Lord Provost of Edinburg ...

, Scottish stockbroker, politician (d. 1873) **

Franz Graf von Wimpffen Franz Emil Lorenz Heeremann Graf von Wimpffen (2 April 1797 – 26 November 1870) was an Austrian General and Admiral who served as Administrative Head of the Austro-Hungarian Navy from 1851 to 1854. Military career Franz von Wimpffen was born i ...

, Austrian general, admiral (d. 1870) *

April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. *1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. *1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. * ...

Judson Allen Judson Allen (April 3, 1797 – August 6, 1880) was an American businessman and politician, who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for New York's 20th district. Biography Allen was born in Plymouth, Connecticut, and ...

, American businessman, politician (d. 1880) **

Ebenezer Childs Ebenezer Childs (April 3, 1797 – December 15, 1864) was an American pioneer, builder and legislator. Childs was born in Barre, Massachusetts, on April 3, 1797, and was orphaned as a child. He left Massachusetts in 1816 for New York in order ...

, American pioneer (d.

) **

Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier (; 3 April 1797 in Tournai – 9 July 1878) was a Belgian who conducted a parallel career of botanist and Member of Parliament. Biography Barthélemy Dumortier was a son of the merchant and city councillor Ba ...

, Belgian botanist, Member of Parliament (d. 1878) * April 4 ** Asa Wentworth Jr., Vermont businessman and politician, President of the Vermont State Senate (d. 1882) ** Joseph Dresser Wickham, American minister (d. 1891) * April 5 **

Karl August Devrient Karl August Devrient (5 April 17973 August 1872) was a German stage actor best known for performances of Schiller and Shakespeare. He was related to other notable German actors, including: * his uncle Ludwig; * his brothers Philipp Eduard and ...

, German stage actor best known for performances of Schiller and Shakespeare (d.

) ** Johann Fischbach, Austrian painter (d. 1871) **

Henry Perrine Henry Perrine (5 April 1797 – 7 August 1840) was a physician, horticulturist, United States Consul in Campeche, Campeche, Mexico, and an enthusiast for introducing tropical plants into cultivation in the United States. Early life Henry Ed ...

, physician, horticulturist, United States Consul in Campeche, Mexico (d. 1840) *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First ''Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Empe ...

Théodore Anne Théodore Anne (7 April 1797 – 12 August 1869) was a French playwright, librettist, and novelist. Engaged in the army in 1814, until the July Revolution of 1830 he was a member of the compagnie de Noailles then, still faithful to the Bourbons, ...

, French playwright (d. 1869) **

Louis Thomas Jérôme Auzoux Louis Thomas Jérôme Auzoux (7 April 1797 – 7 March 1880) was a French anatomy, anatomist and Natural history, naturalist. Life Louis Auzoux obtained a medical degree in 1818 and was appointed to the surgical department of the Hôtel-Dieu de ...

, French anatomist, naturalist (d. 1880) **

Pierre Leroux Pierre Henri Leroux (7 April 1797 – 12 April 1871), was a French philosopher and political economist. He was born at Bercy, now a part of Paris, the son of an artisan. Life His education was interrupted by the death of his father, which co ...

, French philosopher, political economist (d. 1871) ** Joseph Young, early American convert to the Latter Day Saint movement, missionary, longtime general authority of the LDS Church (d. 1881) *

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. *1139 – Ro ...

– Jehiel Brooks, American soldier, territorial governor, and plantation owner (d. 1886) *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, su ...

Pierre Carmouche Pierre Carmouche (9 April 1797 - 9 December 1868) was a French playwright and chansonnier. He wrote more than 200 successful plays, comedies, comédies en vaudevilles and texts for opéras comiques, in collaboration with diverse authors - Braz ...

, French playwright, chansonnier (d.

) **

John Hill John Hill may refer to: Business * John Henry Hill (1791–1882), American businessman, educator and missionary * John Hill (planter) (1824–1910), Scottish-born American industrialist and planter * John Hill (businessman) (1847–1926), Austral ...

, United States Representative from North Carolina (d.

) *

April 12 Events Pre-1600 * 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I. * 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to ...

– Zina Pitcher, American physician (d.

) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

–

Stanislas Julien Stanislas Aignan Julien (13 April 179714 February 1873) was a French sinologist who served as the Chair of Chinese at the Collège de France for over 40 years and was one of the most academically respected sinologists in French scholarship. Ju ...

, French sinologist, Chair of Chinese at the Collège de France for over 40 years (d. 1873) *

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guiscar ...

Philip Dorsheimer Philip Dorsheimer (April 15, 1797 – April 11, 1868) was a German born American politician. Early life Dorsheimer was born on April 15, 1797 in Wöllstein, then in the Mont-Tonnerre Department, which is now in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. C ...

, politician, New York State Treasurer (d.

) **

Michel Garicoïts Michel Garicoïts (15 April 1797 – 14 May 1863) was a French Basque Roman Catholic priest and the founder of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Bétharram. He combated Jansenism in his parish due to the threat that it posed ...

, French Basque Roman Catholic priest, founder of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Bétharram (d. 1863) ** Adolphe Thiers, President of France and Prime Minister of France (d. 1877) *

** William Beresford, British Conservative politician (d.

) ** John Ogilvie, Scottish lexicographer, editor of the ''Imperial Dictionary of the English Language'' (d. 1867) *

** Thomas J. Drake, American lawyer, Lieutenant Governor of Michigan (d.

) ** Richard Ryan, British biographer of Irish descent (d. 1849) *

April 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested. * 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persi ...

** Carlo Emanuele Muzzarelli, Italian clergyman (d. 1856) **

Jeronis de Soysa Gate Mudaliyar Jeronis de Soysa (19 April 1797 – 28 May 1862) was a pioneering Ceylonese entrepreneur and philanthropist. He was a pioneer coffee planter and an industrialist who became the wealthiest Ceylonese of the 19th century by establis ...

, pioneering Ceylonese entrepreneur, philanthropist (d. 1860) *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 *753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...

– George Stephen Benjamin Jarvis, Upper Canadian judge, political figure (d. 1878) * April 23 ** Ranulph Dacre, New Zealand naval seaman (d. 1884) **

Giuseppe Ferlini Giuseppe Ferlini (April 23, 1797 – December 30, 1870 Epitaph from his gravestone in the Certosa di Bologna (see picture).) was an Italian soldier turned treasure hunter, who robbed and desecrated the pyramids of Meroë. Biography Born in ...

, Italian combat medic turned explorer and treasure hunter (d. 1870) ** Penina Moise, United States poet (d. 1880) **

Ernst Ferdinand Oehme Ernst Ferdinand Oehme (23 April 1797, Dresden – 10 April 1855, Dresden) was a German Romantic painter and illustrator who specialized in moody landscapes with architectural elements. Life He originally attended the Friedrichstadt teacher t ...

, German Romantic painter, illustrator (d. 1855) *

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...

** Henry Bliss, author, lawyer and provincial agent for New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (d. 1873) **

Peter I. Borst Peter I. Borst (April 24, 1797 – November 14, 1848) was an American farmer and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1829 to 1831. Biography Born in Middleburgh, New York, Borst attended the common schools ...

, American politician, United States Representative from New York (d. 1848) *

April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. *1348 – Czech king Karel IV founds the Charles University in Prague, which was later named after him and was the first university in Central Europe. * 1 ...

– Albert Seerig, German surgeon, anatomist (d.

) * April 27 **

Jean Victoire Audouin Jean Victor Audouin (27 April 1797 – 9 November 1841), sometimes Victor Audouin, was a French naturalist, an entomologist, herpetologist, ornithologist, and malacologist. Biography Audouin was born in Paris and was educated in the field of me ...

, French naturalist, entomologist, herpetologist, ornithologist, and malacologist (d. 1841) **

Eliphaz Fay Eliphaz Fay (April 27, 1797 – March 19, 1854) served as the fourth president of Colby College (then called the Waterville College) in Maine. Personal life Fay was born to Solomon Fay, and Suzannah Morse, a schoolteacher in Marlborough, Massa ...

, fourth president of Colby College (then called the Waterville College) in Maine (d.

) ** William B. Slaughter, United States politician (d. 1879) ** Linus Yale Sr., American inventor, manufacturer of locks (d. 1858) *

April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory ...

– John Richardson, Australian convict, accompanies several exploring expeditions as botanical collector (d. 1882) *

April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. * 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and b ...

–

Gideon Hard Gideon Hard (April 29, 1797 in Arlington, Bennington County, Vermont – April 27, 1885 in Albion, Orleans County, New York) was an American lawyer and politician from New York. Life He graduated from Union College in 1822. Then he stu ...

, American lawyer, politician (d. 1885) *

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. *1169 – N ...

Pierre Nicolas Gerdy Pierre Nicolas Gerdy (1 May 1797 – 18 March 1856) was a French physician who was a native of Loches-sur-Ource. He was a professor with the Faculty of Medicine in Paris, and worked with renowned surgeons such as Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin ...

, French physician, native of Loches-sur-Ource (d. 1856) **

Johann Jakob Stähelin Johann Jakob Stähelin (1 May 1797, in Basel – 27 August 1875, in Langenbruck) was a Swiss theologian, who specialized in Old Testament studies. From 1817 to 1821 he studied theology at the University of Tübingen. In 1823 he received his ...

, Swiss theologian (d.

) *

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. *1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprison ...

Abraham Pineo Gesner Abraham Pineo Gesner, ONB (; May 2, 1797 – April 29, 1864) was a Canadian physician and geologist who invented kerosene. Gesner was born in Cornwallis, Nova Scotia (now called Chipmans Corner) and lived much of his life in Saint John, New Bru ...

, Canadian geologist and inventor (d.

) *

May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. ...

Heinrich Berghaus Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus (3 May 1797 – 17 February 1884) was a German geographer and cartographer who conducted trigonometric surveys in Prussia and taught geodesy at the Bauakademie in Berlin. He taught cartography and produced a pioneeri ...

, German geographer (d. 1884) ** George Webster, English architect practising in Kendal (d.

) *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

– Joseph Brackett, American religious leader, composer (d. 1882) *

May 7 Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I imm ...

Walter Colton Reverend Walter Colton (May 7, 1797 – January 22, 1851) was an American clergyman and writer from Vermont who served as the first American Alcalde (mayor) of Monterey, California. He worked as an editor for newspapers in Washington, D.C. and ...

, Chaplain for the United States Navy (d. 1851) ** Charles Frederick, Royal Navy officer, Third Naval Lord (d.

) ** Elizabeth Grant, British diarist (d. 1885) **

José Antonio Saco José Antonio Saco (May 7, 1797 – September 26, 1879) was a statesman, deputy to the Spanish Cortes, writer, social critic, publicist, essayist, anthropologist, historian, and one of the most notable Cuban figures from the nineteenth century. ...

, Cuban statesman, deputy to the Spanish Cortes, writer, social critic, publicist, essayist, anthropologist, historian (d. 1879) * May 8 **

Giacomo Luigi Brignole Giacomo Luigi Brignole (8 May 1797 – 23 June 1853) was a Catholic Cardinal and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Early life Brignole was born on 8 May 1797 in Genoa, then the capital of the Republic of Genoa. He was educated ...

, Italian Catholic Cardinal, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (d. 1853) **

John Septimus Roe John Septimus Roe (8 May 1797 – 28 May 1878) was the first Surveyor-General of Western Australia. He was a renowned explorer, a member of Western Australia's legislative and executive councils for nearly 40 years, but also a participant in t ...

, first Surveyor-General of Western Australia (d. 1878) *

May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. *1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...

–

Lansdown Guilding Lansdown Guilding (9 May 1797 – 22 October 1831) was a theologian and naturalist. He is best known for his works on the flora and fauna of St Vincent in particular and on the Caribbean in general. He wrote numerous illustrated papers for journal ...

, St. Vincent-born English theologian, early naturalist (d. 1831) *

–

Daniel Lynn Carroll Daniel Lynn Carroll (May 10, 1797 – November 23, 1851) was the sixth President of Hampden–Sydney College from 1835 to 1838. Biography Carroll was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania in May, 1797 to poor Irish immigrant parents (his father w ...

, sixth President of Hampden–Sydney College (1835-1838) (d. 1851) *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...

Clement Finley Clement Alexander Finley (May 11, 1797 – September 8, 1879), was the 10th Surgeon General of the United States Army, May 15, 1861 – April 14, 1862. Early life Clement Finley was born at Newville, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. His fath ...

, 10th Surgeon General of the United States Army (d. 1879) ** Ernst Meyer, German-born Danish genre painter of Jewish ancestry (d.

) **

José Mariano Salas José Mariano de Salas (11 May 1797 – 24 December 1867) was a Mexican soldier and politician who served twice as interim president of Mexico, once in 1846, during the Mexican American War, and once in 1859 during the War of Reform. He was a ...

, Mexican general and politician, twice interim president of Mexico (1846 and 1859) (d. 1867) *

–

Johann Hermann Kufferath Johann Hermann Kufferath (12 May 1797 – 28 July 1864) was a German composer. Life Born in Mülheim an der Ruhr, he was the eldest son of watchmaker Carl Kufferath and his wife Catharina née Horst, born in Mülheim an der Ruhr. He and six of h ...

, German composer (d.

) *

May 13 Events Pre-1600 *1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''. * 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...

– Ulrik Frederik Cappelen, Norwegian jurist and politician (d.

) *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks. *1097 – The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade. * 1264 – Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forc ...

–

Carl Georg Christian Schumacher Carl Georg Christian Schumacher (14 May 1797, Bad Doberan – 22 June 1869, Schwerin Schwerin (; Mecklenburgian Low German: ''Swerin''; Latin: ''Suerina'', ''Suerinum'') is the capital and second-largest city of the northeastern German st ...

, German painter (d. 1869) *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbog ...

** George Dromgoole, Virginia politician, lawyer (d. 1847) **

Lydia Irving Lydia Irving (15 May 1797 – 22 February 1893) was a British philanthropist & prison visitor. She was a leading Quaker and she worked closely with Elizabeth Fry seeking to improve conditions for women in prisons and on convict ships filled with ...

, British philanthropist, prison visitor (d. 1893) ** Auguste Bottée de Toulmon, 19th-century French composer, musicologist (d. 1850) *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. *1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1364 ...

** Pascual Echagüe, Argentine soldier, politician (d. 1867) ** Pierre-Chéri Lafont, French actor (d. 1873) *

May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of ...

Stoddard Judd Stoddard Judd (May 18, 1797March 2, 1873) was an American physician, politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He served 4 years in the Wisconsin Legislature, representing Dodge County. Earlier, he served three terms in the New York State Assembly. B ...

, American physician, politician (d. 1873) **

Frederick Augustus II of Saxony , image = Friedrich August II of Saxony.jpg , caption = Portrait by Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein , image_size = 220px , reign = 6 June 1836 – 9 August 1854 , coronation = , predecessor = Anthony , ...

(d.

) *

May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. *1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev. *1445 &nda ...

** Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery, French physician and anatomist, native of Orléans (d. 1849) **

Richard Pakenham Sir Richard Pakenham PC (19 May 1797 – 28 October 1868) was a British diplomat of Anglo-Irish background. He served as British Ambassador to the United States from 1843 until 1847, during which time he unsuccessfully worked to prevent ...

, British diplomat, Ambassador to the United States (d.

) **

Maria Isabel of Portugal Maria Isabel of Braganza (Maria Isabel Francisca de Assis Antónia Carlota Joana Josefa Xavier de Paula Micaela Rafaela Isabel Gonzaga; 19 May 1797 – 26 December 1818) was an Infanta of Portugal who became Queen of Spain as the second wife of ...

Queen of Spain , coatofarms = File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg , coatofarms_article = Coat of arms of the King of Spain , image = Felipe_VI_in_2020_(cropped).jpg , incumbent = Felipe VI , incumbentsince = 19 Ju ...

(d. 1818) *

May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose her ...

–

Alexis-François Rio Alexis-François Rio (20 May 1797 – 17 June 1874) was a French writer on art. Without any strict method or criticism, he expressed preference for the art of the 15th century. He contributed greatly towards recovery of the neglected art of the Mid ...

, French writer on art (d. 1874) *

May 21 Events Pre-1600 * 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as ''Caesar'' to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy. * 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is captured by the Muslim Aghlabi ...

** Claus Winter Hjelm, Norwegian legal scholar, judge (d. 1871) **

Nathan Ryno Smith Nathan Ryno Smith (May 21, 1797 – July 3, 1877) was an American surgeon and medical school professor. Smith was born in Cornish, New Hampshire. He was the son of Sarah Hall Chase and Nathan Smith. Like his father Smith went into the medical ...

, American surgeon, medical school professor (d. 1877) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

** James Turner Morehead, United States Senator and the 12th Governor of Kentucky (d.

) **

Archibald Randall Archibald Randall (May 24, 1797 – June 8, 1846) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Education and career Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Randall read law to ent ...

, United States federal judge (d.

1846 Events January–March * January 5 – The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom. * January 13 – The Milan–Venice railway' ...

) **

Lars Rasch Lars Rasch (24 May 1797 – 12 January 1864) was a Norwegian jurist. He served as Mayor of Oslo and was a developer of the neighborhood of Homansbyen Biography Rasch was born at Eiker in Buskerud, Norway. He was the son of Jonas Larsen Rasc ...

, Norwegian jurist, politician (d.

) ** Henry Thynne, 3rd Marquess of Bath, England (d.

1837 Events January–March * January 1 – The destructive Galilee earthquake causes 6,000–7,000 casualties in Ottoman Syria. * January 26 – Michigan becomes the 26th state admitted to the United States. * February – Charles Dickens's ...

) *

May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire take ...

–

Ralph Randolph Gurley Ralph Randolph Gurley (May 26, 1797 – July 30, 1872) was an American clergyman, an advocate of the separation of the races, and a major force for 50 years in the American Colonization Society. It offered passage to free black Americans to the ...

, American clergyman (d.

) *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

–

Sir Thomas Bazley, 1st Baronet Sir Thomas Bazley, 1st Baronet DL (27 May 1797 – 18 March 1885) was a British industrialist and Liberal politician. Life He was born at Gilnow, near Bolton, Lancashire. His father, also Thomas, was a cotton manufacturer, mathematician a ...

of England (d.

) *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under ...

Edwin Croswell Edwin Croswell (May 29, 1797 in Catskill, New York – June 13, 1871 in Princeton, New Jersey), was an American journalist and politician. Croswell's father and uncle were both influential editors and journalists in the early 19th century. Edwin ex ...

, American journalist, politician (d. 1871) **

Nicolas Roret Nicolas-Edme Roret (29 May 1797 Vendeuvre-sur-Barse Département – 18 June 1860, Paris) was a French editor and publisher known for an important series of manuals (''Manuels'') and encyclopaedias. Sources * Articles and reviews: ** ''Bulletin ...

, French editor, publisher known for an important series of manuals (''Manuels'') and encyclopedias (d. 1860) * May 30 – Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann, German mineralogist (d. 1873) *

June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...

–

Abby Hadassah Smith Abby Hadassah Smith (June 1, 1797 – July 23, 1879) was an early American suffragist who campaigned for property and voting rights from Glastonbury, Connecticut. She was a subject of the book ''Abby Smith and Her Cows'' in which her sister Ju ...

, early American suffragist, campaigner for property and voting rights from Glastonbury (d. 1879) *

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks. * 1098 – First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later. 1601� ...

– Joseph Blake, 3rd Baron Wallscourt, Irish nobleman and pioneering socialist (d. 1849) * June 6 – Rehuel Lobatto, Dutch mathematician (d.

) * June 7 ** Manuel Alves Branco, 2nd Viscount of Caravelas, Brazilian politician (d. 1855) ** Richard Samuel Guinness, Irish lawyer and a Member of Parliament (d.

) * June 8 – Henry William-Powlett, 3rd Baron Bayning, English peer and clergyman (d.

) * June 11 ** Francis Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham, English soldier, courtier and politician (d.

) ** Henry Lascelles, 3rd Earl of Harewood, English peer and Member of Parliament (d.

) ** José Trinidad Reyes, Honduran Father, national hero, and founder of Autonomous National University of Honduras (d. 1855) * June 12 – Thomas Ainslie Young, official and political figure in Lower Canada (d. 1860) * June 15 ** Honoratus Bonnevie (politician), Honoratus Bonnevie, Norwegian politician (d. 1848) ** Sámuel Brassai, centenarian, linguist, teacher, "The Last Transylvanian Polymath" (d. 1897) * June 16 ** Sophie Frémiet, French painter (d. 1867) ** Alexander Kazarsky, Russian Navy officer, hero of the Russo-Turkish War (d.

) * June 17 – Alexandre Vinet, Swiss critic and theologian (d. 1847) * June 19 – Hamilton Hume, early explorer of the present-day Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria (d. 1873) * June 20 – Karolina Gerhardinger, German Roman Catholic professed religious, established the School Sisters of Notre Dame (d. 1879) * June 21 – Christoffel Brand, South African jurist (d.

) * June 23 – Théophile Bra, French Romantic sculptor and exact contemporary of Eugène Delacroix (d. 1863) * June 24 ** Francisco Freire Allemão e Cysneiro, Brazilian botanist who collected in northeast Brazil and along the Rio de Janeiro (d. 1874) ** Johan Coenraad van Hasselt, Dutch physician, zoologist (d. 1823) ** John Hughes (archbishop of New York), John Hughes, Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States (d.

) * June 26 – Imam Shamil, Avar political and religious leader of the Muslim tribes of the Northern Caucasus (d. 1871) *

– Frederic Baraga, Slovenian Catholic missionary to the United States, grammarian of Native American languages (d.

)

July–September

* July 2 ** Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág, Hungarian noblewoman, ancestor of several European monarchs (d.

) ** Pierre Joseph Michel Lorquin, French entomologist specializing in Coleoptera and Lepidoptera (d. 1873) * July 4 ** Jacquette Löwenhielm, Swedish noble and lady-in-waiting (d. 1839) ** James W. Parker, American pioneer, uncle of Cynthia Ann Parker and the great uncle of Comanche Quanah Parker (d.

) * July 6 – Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey, England (d. 1869) * July 7 – George Meads, English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket (1825-1836) (d. 1881) * July 11 – Francis Close, Anglican rector of Cheltenham (1826–1856) and Dean of Carlisle (1856–1881) (d. 1882) * July 12 ** John Gaylord, early American Mormon leader (d. 1874) ** Adele Schopenhauer, German author (d. 1849) * July 14 – James Scott Bowerbank, British naturalist, palaeontologist (d. 1877) * July 15 ** Kloka Anna, Swedish cunning woman, medium (d. 1860) ** Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar I, attorney, jurist in his native Georgia (d. 1834) ** Pier Alessandro Paravia, Venetian writer, scholar, philanthropist, professor of Italian eloquence (d.

) * July 16 – Daniel D. Barnard, American politician, Representative from New York (d.

) * July 17 ** Paul Delaroche, French painter (d. 1856) ** William Matthew Harries, influential member of both houses of the Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope (d. 1865) ** John Hodgetts-Foley, British Member of Parliament (d.

) * July 18 – Robert Christison, Scottish toxicologist, physician (d. 1882) * July 20 ** Gotthard Fritzsche, Prussian-Australian pastor (d. 1863) ** Eli Kirk Price, Philadelphia lawyer (d. 1884) ** Sir Paweł Strzelecki, Polish explorer, geologist (d. 1873) * July 21 – John M. Read, American lawyer (d. 1874) *

– Maria Foote, English actress, peeress (d. 1867) * July 25 ** Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1889) ** Nicholas Marcellus Hentz, French American educator, arachnologist (d. 1856) ** Nehemiah Platt, American politician from New York (d. 1851) * July 26 ** William Bulkeley Hughes, Welsh politician (d. 1882) ** William Gore Ouseley, British diplomat serving in various roles in Washington (d.

) ** William Ranwell, English marine painter (d.

) * July 29 ** François Bourdon, French engineer, inventor (d. 1865) ** Daniel Drew, American businessman (d. 1879) ** Beverly R. Wellford, American physician (d. 1870) * July 30 – Harriet Windsor-Clive, 13th Baroness Windsor of England (d. 1869) * July 31 – Alonzo C. Paige, American lawyer, politician from New York (d.

) * August 1 ** Joseph Gensoul, French surgeon (d. 1858) ** William Knollys (British Army officer), William Thomas Knollys, British Army General (d.

) * August 2 ** John Brown (geographer), John Brown, English geographer (d.

) ** William Gibson-Craig, Scottish advocate, politician (d. 1878) ** Amédée Thierry, French journalist, historian (d. 1873) * August 4 ** William S. Hamilton, American politician, miner (d. 1850) ** Benjamin F. H. Witherell, Michigan jurist (d. 1867) * August 5 ** Cayetano Heredia, Peruvian physician (d.

) ** Friedrich August Kummer, German violoncellist, pedagogue and composer (d. 1879) * August 6 – August Wilhelm Stiehler, German government official, paleobotanist (d. 1878) * August 7 ** James Kānehoa, member of the court of King Kamehameha II and Kamehameha III during the Kingdom of Hawaii (d. 1851) ** Justin von Linde, German jurist, statesman from the Grand Duchy of Hesse (d. 1870) * August 8 ** George Peck (clergyman), George Peck, American Methodist clergyman (d.

) ** Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury, French painter (d. 1890) ** George Rykert, Upper Canada businessman, surveyor and political figure (d.

) ** William Walker (Quebec politician), William Walker, Quebec lawyer, political figure (d. 1844) * August 9 ** Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician), Charles Allen, United States Representative from Massachusetts (d. 1869) ** Charles Robert Malden, British naval officer (d. 1855) ** Christian Wilhelm Niedner, German church historian, theologian (d. 1865) ** Archibald Yell, American politician, Representative from Arkansas (d. 1847) * August 10 ** Guillaume Louis Cottrau, French composer, music publisher (d. 1847) ** Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (naturalist), Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, Finnish entomologist, governor of the Viipuri province in the Grand Duchy of Finland (d.

) ** John M. Patton, Virginia politician, lawyer (d. 1858) ** Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini, German botanist (d. 1848) * August 11 – George Shillibeer, English coachbuilder (d.

) * August 12 – Manuel Aguilar Chacón, Costa Rican head of state (d.

) * August 13 – Horatio Chriesman, American surveyor, politician in Mexican Texas and participant in the Texas Revolution (d. 1878) * August 14 – Robert Radcliffe (cricketer), Robert Radcliffe, English first-class cricketer associated with Cambridge University (d. 1832) * August 15 – James Black (clergyman), James Black, Scottish-born Canadian clergyman (d. 1886) * August 17 – Peter Broun, first Colonial Secretary of Western Australia (d.

) * August 18 – Antoine Claudet, French photographer, artist who produced daguerreotypes (d. 1867) * August 20 ** Johan Frederik Møller, Danish painter, photographer (d. 1882) ** John Sinclair (Archdeacon of Middlesex), John Sinclair, Archdeacon of Middlesex (d.

) ** Francesco Zantedeschi, Italian priest, physicist (d. 1873) * August 21 ** Chauncey J. Fox, American politician from New York (d.

) ** John Montagu (colonial secretary), John Montagu, Indian-born Tasmanian colonial secretary (d. 1853) ** John Iltyd Nicholl, Welsh Member of Parliament (d. 1853) * August 22 ** Augustin-Magloire Blanchet, French Canadian Catholic prelate in the Pacific Northwest (d. 1887) ** Thomas Dale (priest), Thomas Dale, British priest in the Church of England, Dean of Rochester (d. 1870) * August 23 – Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant, French mechanic, mathematician (d. 1886) * August 24 ** John Cobbold (1797–1882), John Cobbold, British brewer, railway developer and Conservative Party politician (d. 1882) ** Laufilitonga, 39th and last Tuokinai of Tonga (d. 1865) * August 25 ** John P. Bigelow, American politician (d.

) ** Henrik Hertz, Danish poet (d. 1870) * August 26 ** Innocent of Alaska, Russian Orthodox missionary priest (d. 1879) ** Sheldon Peck, American folk artist (d. 1869) * August 27 ** John Bathurst Deane, South African-born English clergyman, schoolmaster, antiquary and author (d. 1887) ** Edwin James (scientist), Edwin James, American botanist (d.

) * August 28 ** Ferenc Duschek, Hungarian politician (d.

) ** Karl Otfried Müller, German scholar, Philodorian (d. 1840) * August 30 – Mary Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, English novelist, dramatist, essayist, biographer and travel writer (d. 1851) * August 31 ** Philipp von Brunnow, Russian diplomat (d.

) ** Ramón Castilla, Peruvian ''caudillo'' who served as President of Peru three times (d. 1867) ** James Ferguson (American astronomer), James Ferguson, Scottish-born American astronomer and engineer (d. 1867) * September 1 – William FitzGerald-de Ros, 23rd Baron de Ros of England (d. 1874) * September 3 – Benjamin Nottingham Webster, English actor-manager and dramatist (d. 1882) *

** Alvan Cullom, American politician, Representative from Tennessee (d. 1877) ** Raynold Kaufgetz, Swiss soldier (d. 1869) *

** Francis H. Cone, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia (U (d. 1859) ** John Blennerhassett Martin, American painter (d.

) ** William Ruggles, professor at George Washington University (d. 1877) * September 6 ** William Smith (Virginia governor), William Smith, lawyer, congressman, Governor of Virginia, Major General during the American Civil War (d. 1887) ** Jenny Vertpré, French stage actress (d. 1865) * September 7 ** Louis Vulliemin, Swiss theologian, historian (d. 1897) ** Per Erik Wallqvist, Swedish ballet dancer, ballet master (d. 1855) * September 10 ** Benjamin Nicolas Marie Appert, French philanthropist (d. 1847) ** Franz Krüger, German (Prussian) painter, lithographer (d.

) ** Daniel Parkhurst Leadbetter, United States Representative from Ohio (d. 1870) ** Carl Gustaf Mosander, Swedish chemist (d. 1858) ** Piotr Wysocki, Polish lieutenant, leader of the Polish conspiracy against Russian Tsar Nicolas I (d.

) * September 11 – George Strange Boulton, Upper Canada lawyer, political figure (d. 1869) * September 12 ** Jacob Barit, Russian Talmudist, communal worker (d.

) ** George Barrell Emerson, American educator, pioneer of women's education (d. 1881) ** Samuel Joseph May, American reformer (d. 1871) ** Samuel McLean (U.S. Consul), Samuel McLean, United States Consul for Trinidad (d. 1881) * September 13 – Joseph Stannard, English marine and landscape painter (d. 1830) * September 14 – Joseph-Désiré Court, French painter of historical subjects and portraits (d. 1865) * September 15 – Andrew Trumbo, United States Representative from Kentucky (d. 1871) * September 16 ** Levi Silliman Ives, American theologian, bishop (d. 1867) ** Samuel Milford, English-born Australian barrister, judge (d. 1865) ** Anthony Panizzi, Italian-born British librarian, head of the British Museum (d. 1879) ** Johann Friedrich Ludwig Wöhlert, German businessman (d. 1877) * September 17 ** Eugène Defacqz, Belgian liberal politician, magistrate (d. 1871) ** Heinrich Kuhl, German naturalist, zoologist (d. 1821) * September 18 – Camille-Melchior Gibert, French dermatologist (d.

) * September 19 – January Suchodolski, Polish painter, Army officer (d.

) * September 21 ** George Hamilton Seymour, British diplomat (d. 1880) ** John Talbot (Reformer), John Talbot, Irish-born Canadian schoolmaster (d. 1874) * September 23 ** Johannes Henrik Berg, Norwegian politician (d. 1886) ** Charles Brown (congressman), Charles Brown, Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania (d.

) ** Thomas H. Rochester, 6th son of Colonel Nathaniel Rochester, 6th mayor of Rochester (d. 1874) * September 24 – Carl Peter Wilhelm Gramberg, German theologian, biblical scholar (d. 1830) * September 25 – John J. Allen (judge), John J. Allen, Virginia lawyer (d. 1871) * September 26 – Olry Terquem (paleontologist), Olry Terquem, French pharmacist, paleontologist (d. 1887) * September 27 ** Édouard Frère, French bookseller (d. 1874) ** Jacob von der Lippe, Norwegian politician, Bishop of the Diocese of Christianssand (d. 1878) * September 28 ** Sophie von Knorring, Swedish novelist, noble (d. 1848) ** Caroline LeRoy, second wife of American author Daniel Webster (d. 1882) ** Aimée Caroillon des Tillières, wealthy French heiress, saloniste during the July Monarchy (d.

) * September 29 ** Percy Nugent, Irish politician (d. 1874) ** Joseph Thompson (doctor), Joseph Thompson, early settler of Atlanta, Georgia (d. 1885)

October–December

Thurlow Weed - Project Gutenberg eText 13160

PORTRAIT OF CHARLES HODGE, Rembrandt Peale

* October 1 – Lewis Ruffner, salt manufacturer from Malden, West Virginia (d.

) * October 2 – Jonathan Pitney, American physician, promoter of Absecon Island as healing seashore resort (d. 1889) * October 3 ** Knud Ibsen, father of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen (d. 1877) ** Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1870) ** Hopkins L. Turney, Democratic United States Representative from Tennessee (d.

) * October 4 ** Jeremias Gotthelf, Swiss novelist (d.

) ** Charles-Séraphin Rodier (mayor), Charles-Séraphin Rodier, Canadian merchant (d.

) * October 5 – John Gardner Wilkinson, English traveller, writer and pioneer Egyptologist (d.

) * October 6 ** Albrecht Elof Ihre, Swedish diplomat, Swedish-Norwegian prime minister of foreign affairs (d. 1877) ** Charles Panet, lawyer and political figure in Quebec (d. 1877) ** Joseph Othmar Rauscher, Austrian Prince-Archbishop of Vienna and cardinal (d.

) * October 7 – Peter Georg Bang, Danish politician, jurist (d.

) * October 8 ** William H. DeLancey, American Episcopal bishop (d. 1865) ** Ludwig Förster, German-born Austrian architect (d. 1863) ** Charles Knapp (congressman), Charles Knapp, United States Representative from New York (d. 1880) ** William Thomasson, United States Representative from Kentucky (d. 1882) * October 9 ** Thomas Boutillier, Quebec doctor, political figure (d.

) ** Henry Collen, English miniature portrait painter to Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and the Duchess of Kent (d. 1879) ** Philippe Suchard, Swiss chocolatier, industrialist (d. 1884) * October 10 ** August Heinrich Hermann von Dönhoff, Prussian diplomat (d. 1874) ** Thomas Drummond, British army officer, civil engineer, senior public official (d. 1840) * October 12 – Gaspard Thémistocle Lestiboudois, French naturalist (d.

) * October 13 ** George Anson (British Army officer, born 1797), George Anson, British military officer, Whig politician (d.

) ** Thomas Haynes Bayly, English poet (d. 1839) ** Dong Haichuan, Chinese martial artist, credited to be the founder of Baguazhang (d. 1882) ** John H. McHenry, United States House of Representatives (d. 1871) ** William Motherwell, Scottish poet, antiquary and journalist (d. 1835) * October 14 ** Jean Crespon, French zoologist and naturalist (d.

) ** Ida Laura Pfeiffer, Austrian traveler and travel book author (d. 1858) * October 15 ** Johann Gottlieb Fleischer, German botanist and ornithologist (d. 1838) ** Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Heyse, German philologist (d. 1855) ** William Siborne, British officer and military historian whose most notable work was a history of the Waterloo Campaign (d. 1849) * October 16 – James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan (d.

) *

** Mario Aspa, Italian composer (d.

) ** Juan Lavalle, Argentine military and political figure (d. 1841) *

** Gallus Jacob Baumgartner, Swiss statesman and prominent federalist (d. 1869) ** Alexandre Jacques François Brière de Boismont, French physician and psychiatrist (d. 1881) * October 19 – Littleton Kirkpatrick, American Whig Party politician (d. 1859) * October 20 – José Bernardo Escobar, interim President of Guatemala (d. 1849) *

** Thomas M. Allen (Missouri clergyman), Thomas M. Allen, clergyman who played a prominent role in establishing the Christian Church in Missouri (d. 1871) ** William Hale (British inventor), William Hale, British inventor (d. 1870) * October 24 – Štefan Moyses, Slovak bishop, teacher, patriot, co-founder and first chairman of ''Matica slovenská'' (d. 1869) * October 25 ** Crispino Agostinucci, Italian Catholic bishop (d. 1856) ** Thomas Shuldham O'Halloran, first Police Commissioner and first Police Magistrate of South Australia (d. 1870) * October 26 ** Johann Adam Philipp Hepp, German physician, lichenologist (d. 1867) ** Luther Severance, United States Representative, diplomat from Maine (d. 1855) ** Antoine-Charles Taschereau, Quebec official, political figure (d.

) * October 27 – Andrew Combe, Scottish physician, phrenologist (d. 1847) * October 28 – James C. Curtis, American lawyer, politician (d. 1881) * October 30 ** Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1829) ** Lott Warren, United States Representative from Georgia (U (d.

) * October 31 – Benjamin H. Smith, American politician from Virginia (d. 1887) * November 1 ** María Santos Corrales, inspiration of Peru's famous poet and patriot soldier (d. 1881) ** Michael Loam, British (Cornish) engineer, introduced the first man engine to carry men up and down a mine shaft into the UK (d. 1871) ** Sir Hedworth Williamson, 7th Baronet of England (d.

) * November 2 – Baltazar Mathias Keilhau, Norwegian geologist, mountain pioneer (d. 1858) * November 3 – Thomas Icely, early colonial New South Wales landholder, stockbreeder (d. 1874) * November 4 – Carlo Blasis, Italian dancer (d. 1878) * November 5 – Elisha H. Groves, mid-level American LDS Church leader (d. 1867) * November 6 – Gabriel Andral, French pathologist, professor at the University of Paris (d.

) * November 13 – Niklas Westring, Swedish entomologist, arachnologist (d. 1882) * November 14 ** Moses M. Haarbleicher, German-Jewish poet, critic (d. 1869) ** Tilghman Howard, U.S. Representative from Indiana (d. 1844) ** Charles Lyell, Scottish geologist (d.

) ** Justus Radius, German pathologist, ophthalmologist (d. 1884) * November 15 ** Leopold von Sonnleithner, Austrian lawyer (d. 1873) ** Thurlow Weed, New York newspaper publisher, Whig and Republican politician (d. 1882) * November 17 – Isaac Funk, American rancher and politician (d. 1865) * November 18 – Carl Reinhold Roth, Swedish businessman, ironmaster (d. 1858) * November 19 ** Charles Anthon, American classical scholar (d. 1867) ** John Crenshaw, American landowner (d. 1871) ** Jesse Crowell, pioneer settler in Michigan (d.

) * November 20 ** Mary Buckland, English palaeontologist, marine biologist and scientific illustrator (d.

) ** María de los Remedios de Escalada, wife of the leader of the Argentine War of Independence (d. 1823) * November 21 – Anders Josef Europaeus, Finnish priest, vicar (d. 1870) * November 22 – David Salomons, leading figure in the struggle for Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom (d. 1873) * November 23 ** Bertram Ashburnham, 4th Earl of Ashburnham, British peer (d. 1878) ** Benjamin Hale (educator), Benjamin Hale, American educator, clergyman (d. 1863) * November 27 – José Xavier de Cerveira e Sousa, Portuguese prelate (d.

) * November 29 ** Albert Day (politician), Albert Day, American politician, 27th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut (d.

) ** Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer (d. 1848) * November 30 ** Pierre-Martial Bardy, Lower Canada teacher, doctor and political figure (d. 1860) ** Otto Vincent Lange, Norwegian politician (d. 1870) * December 2 – Benjamin F. Hallett, Massachusetts lawyer, Democratic Party activist (d.

) * December 3 ** Margaretta Morris, American entomologist (d. 1867) ** Andrew Smith (zoologist), Andrew Smith, Scottish surgeon, explorer, ethnologist and zoologist (d.

) * December 4 ** Thomas Patterson Brockman, member of South Carolina Senate and House of Representatives (d. 1859) ** George Tupou I, King of Tonga (d. 1893) * December 5 ** Steen Andersen Bille (1797–1883), Steen Andersen Bille, Danish vice-admiral and minister for the navy (d.

) ** Eugène Soubeiran, French scientist (d. 1859) * December 6 ** Károly Nagy, Hungarian astronomer (d.

) ** Antoinette Henriette Clémence Robert, French writer of historical fiction (d.

) * December 7 – Charles J. McCurdy, American lawyer (d. 1891) * December 8 – Martin Martens, Belgian botanist, chemist (d. 1863) * December 9 ** Michael Aikman (politician), Michael Aikman, Lower Canada businessman, political figure (d. 1881) ** Thomas Davee, United States Representative from Maine (d. 1841) * December 10 – Raffaele Fidanza, Italian painter (d.

) * December 11 ** Alfred Dockery, American Representative from North Carolina (d.

) ** Hiram Paulding, Rear Admiral in the United States Navy (d. 1878) * December 12 ** Lucy Anderson, English pianist (d. 1878) ** Pierre Léonard Vander Linden, Belgian entomologist (d. 1831) * December 13 – Heinrich Heine, German poet (d. 1856) * December 14 ** Antonio Maria Cagiano de Azevedo, Catholic Cardinal, holder of significant legal positions in the church (d. 1867) ** Emil Huschke, German anatomist, embryologist (d. 1858) * December 15 ** Karl Friedrich Theodor Krause, German anatomist (d.

) ** Joseph Lecompte, United States Representative from Kentucky (d. 1851) ** Erik Røring Møinichen, Norwegian politician (d.

) ** Andrew Tracy, American politician (d.

) * December 17 ** Richard Cheslyn, English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket (1825-1846) (d. 1858) ** Joseph Henry, American scientist (d. 1878) * December 18 ** August Friedrich Wilhelm Forchhammer, jurist, historian from the Duchy of Schleswig (d. 1870) ** Dirk van Hogendorp (1797–1845), Dirk van Hogendorp, Dutch jurist (d. 1845) * December 19 – Antoine Louis Dugès, French obstetrician, naturalist (d. 1838) * December 22 ** Charles Fox (scientist), Charles Fox, English Quaker scientist (d. 1878) ** Thomas Manders, English actor-manager and low comedian (d. 1859) ** William Benjamin Robinson, Upper Canada fur trader and political figure (d. 1873) * December 23 – Adrien-Henri de Jussieu, French botanist (d. 1853) * December 24 ** Robert Irwin Jr., American pioneer, territorial legislator (d.

) ** Lewis Jones (Royal Navy officer), Lewis Jones, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1895) * December 25 ** Bernard Donald Macdonald, second Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (d. 1859) ** Joseph-Marie Quérard, French bibliographer (d. 1865) * December 26 ** Enoch Cobb, Massachusetts farmer, businessman, philanthropist (d.

) ** Johann Gustav Heckscher, German politician (d. 1865) ** Thomas M. Pettit, United States lawyer (d. 1853) ** Hans Skramstad, Norwegian pianist and composer (d. 1839) * December 27 ** Domitila de Castro, Marchioness of Santos (d. 1867) ** Charles Hodge, Presbyterian theologian, principal of Princeton Theological Seminary (1851-1878) (d. 1878) ** Manuela Sáenz, Colombian national heroine (d. 1856) * December 28 ** Rodolphus Dickinson, United States Representative from Ohio (d. 1849) ** John Marshall (MP for Leeds, died 1836), John Marshall, English politician (d.

) * December 29 – François Leuret, French anatomist, psychiatrist (d. 1851) * ''approximate date'' – Sojourner Truth, African-American abolitionist, women's rights activist (d.

)

Deaths

January–March

– Francis Lightfoot Lee, member of the House of Burgesses in the Colony of Virginia (b. 1734) *

– Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern, queen consort of Prussia (b. 1715) *

– David Graeme (1716–1797), David Graeme, British Army general (b. 1716) *

– Antão de Almada, 12th Count of Avranches (b. 1718) *

– John Glover (general), John Glover, American military general, fisherman and merchant (b. 1732) *

– James Duane, American lawyer (b. 1733) * February 8 – Princess Joséphine of Lorraine (b. 1753) *

– Antoine Dauvergne, French composer (b. 1713) * February 13 – Sir Robert Burdett, 4th Baronet, British politician and member of the English gentry (b. 1716) *

– Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony, daughter of King Augustus III of Poland (b. 1728) *

– John Parkhurst (lexicographer), John Parkhurst, English academic (b. 1728) *

– Karl Friedrich Hieronymus Freiherr von Münchhausen, German officer and adventurer (b. 1720) *

– Horace Walpole, English politician and writer (b. 1717) *

– Empress Xiaoshurui, first Empress Consort of the Jiaqing Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (b. 1760) *

** John Gabriel Stedman, British–Dutch colonial soldier and author (b. 1744) ** Johann Heinrich Samuel Formey, German writer (b. 1711) *

– Cristina Roccati, Italian scholar in physics (b. 1732) *

– Daniel Dulany the Younger, Maryland Loyalist politician (b. 1722) *

– James Hutton, Scottish geologist (b. 1726) * March 30 – Pierre Jean Van Stabel, French rear-admiral (b. 1744) *

** Olaudah Equiano, Nigerian ex-slave, abolitionist (b. c. 1746) ** Betty Washington Lewis, younger sister of George Washington, the only sister to live to adulthood (b. 1733)

April–June

* April 4 – Pierre-François Berruer, French sculptor (b. 1733) *

– Susanna Boylston, prominent early-American socialite (b. 1708) * April 27 – Henry Louis, Prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken, titular prince of Nassau-Saarbrücken (b. 1768) *

– Elizabeth Ryves, Irish writer, translator (b. 1750) *

– Jedediah Strutt, English hosier and cotton spinner from Belper (b. 1726) *

– Giovanni Fagnano, Italian churchman and mathematician (b. 1715) * May 17 – Michel-Jean Sedaine, French dramatist (b. 1719) * May 25 ** Andrew Elliot, acting colonial governor of the Province of New York (b. 1728) ** John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, British field marshal (b. 1719) *

** François-Noël Babeuf, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1760) ** Augustin Alexandre Darthé, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1769) * June 15 – Christen Friis Rottbøll, Danish physician, botanist and pupil of Carolus Linnaeus (b. 1727) * June 17 ** Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, founder of the Qajar dynasty of Iran (b. 1742) ** Mohammad Khan Qajar, Iranian king (b. 1742) * June 21 – Andreas Peter Bernstorff, Danish statesman, politician (b. 1735) * June 24 – Bahadur Shah of Nepal, younger son of King Prithvi Narayan Shah (1723–1775) of modern Nepal (b. 1757) * June 30 ** Welbore Ellis Doyle, third Military Governor of British Ceylon (b. 1758) ** Richard Parker (mutineer), Richard Parker, English sailor executed for his role as president of the so-called "Floating Republic" (b. 1767)

July–September

Joseph Wright of Derby - self-portrait c

* July 9 – Edmund Burke, Irish philosopher (b. 1723) * July 11 – Ienăchiță Văcărescu, Wallachian writer (b. 1740) * July 12 – Peter Bonnevaux, fourth Military Governor of British Ceylon, third General Officer Commanding (b. 1752) * July 14 – Emmanuel de Rohan-Polduc, member of the wealthy and influential Rohan family of France (b. 1725) * July 25 ** Richard Bowen (Royal Navy), Richard Bowen, officer of the Royal Navy during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary Wars (b. 1761) ** George Thorp (Royal Navy officer), George Thorp, officer of the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars (b. 1777) * July 29 – John Weatherhead, officer of the British Royal Navy (b. 1775) * August 3 ** August 3 – Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, British soldier and conqueror of Quebec (b. 1717) ** James Davenport (Connecticut congressman), James Davenport, American lawyer (b. 1758) * August 6 – James Pettit Andrews, English historian, antiquary (b. 1737) * August 10 – Alexei Senyavin, Russian admiral (b. 1716) * August 22 – Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser, Alsatian-born Austrian general (b. 1724) * August 25 – Thomas Chittenden, first governor of the state of Vermont (b. 1730) *

– Joseph Wright of Derby, English landscape and portrait painter (b. 1734) *

– Sir William Ashburnham, 4th Baronet, Church of England clergyman, baronet (b. 1710) * September 10 – Mary Wollstonecraft, English feminist author (b. 1759) * September 12 – David Forman (general), David Forman, brigadier general of New Jersey militia (b. 1745) * September 19 ** Samuel Enderby, English whale oil merchant known for sponsoring Arctic exploration (b. 1719) ** Lazare Hoche, French soldier who rose to be general of the Revolutionary army (b. 1768) * September 21 ** Asaf-ud-Daula, nawab wazir of Oudh (b. 1748) ** Hugh Pigot (Royal Navy officer, born 1769), Hugh Pigot, British Royal Navy officer (b. 1769) * September 25 – John Baughan, English carpenter, thief and transportee to Australia (b. 1754) *

– Gunning Bedford Sr., American lawyer and politician from New Castle (b. 1742)

October–December

* October 9 – Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1720) * October 10 ** Agui, Manchu noble general for the Qing dynasty (b. 1717) ** Carter Braxton, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, merchant, planter, Virginia politician (b. 1736) * October 14 – William Orr (United Irishman), William Orr, member of the United Irishmen (executed) (b. 1766) *

– Jean-François Hubert, bishop of Quebec (b. 1739) * October 20 – William Cooke (Provost of King's College), William Cooke, English cleric, academic (b. 1711) * November 14 – Ivan Shuvalov, founder of Moscow University (b. 1727) *

– King Frederick William II of Prussia (b. 1744) * November 18 – Jacques-Alexandre Laffon de Ladebat, French shipbuilder, merchant (b. 1719) * November 26 – Andrew Adams (congressman), Andrew Adams, American lawyer (b. 1736) * November 27 – Johann Baptist Wendling, Alsatian-born flute player, composer of the Mannheim School (b. 1723) * November 29 – Samuel Langdon, American Congregational clergyman, President of Harvard University (b. 1723) * December 1 – Oliver Wolcott, American politician (b. 1726) * December 11 – Richard Brocklesby, English physician (b. 1722) * December 13 – Louis Legendre, French politician of the Revolution period (b. 1752) * December 23 ** Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1732) ** Solomon Southwick (American Revolution), Solomon Southwick, Newport, Rhode Island printer, newspaper publisher (b. 1731) * December 26 – John Wilkes, English radical (b. 1725) * December 30 – David Martin (artist), David Martin, British painter, engraver (b. 1737) * ''date unknown'' – Wang Zhenyi (astronomer), Wang Zhenyi, Chinese astronomer

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1797 1797,