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January

*
January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...
Air India Flight 855 Air India Flight 855 was a scheduled passenger flight from Bombay (now Mumbai), India, to Dubai, United Arab Emirates. On 1 January 1978, the Boeing 747 operating the flight crashed into the Arabian Sea about off the coast of Bandra, less than ...
, a
Boeing 747 The Boeing 747 is a long-range wide-body aircraft, wide-body airliner designed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes in the United States between 1968 and 2023. After the introduction of the Boeing 707, 707 in October 1958, Pan Am ...
passenger jet, crashes off the coast of
Bombay Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial centre, financial capital and the list of cities i ...
, killing 213. *
January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...
Bülent Ecevit Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (; 28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, statesman, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist. He served as the Prime Minister of Turkey four times between 1974 and 2002. He served as prime minister in 197 ...
, of CHP, forms the new government of
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
(42nd government). *
January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...
– The
Holy Crown of Hungary The Holy Crown of Hungary ( , ), also known as the Crown of Saint Stephen, named in honour of Saint Stephen I of Hungary, was the coronation crown used by the Kingdom of Hungary for most of its existence; kings were crowned with it since the tw ...
(also known as
Stephen of Hungary Stephen I, also known as King Saint Stephen ( ; ; ; 975 – 15 August 1038), was the last grand prince of the Hungarians between 997 and 1000 or 1001, and the first king of Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until his death in 1038. The year of his b ...
Crown) is returned to Hungary from the United States, where it was held since
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
. *
January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...
Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal (23 September 1924 – 10 January 1978) was a Nicaraguan journalist and publisher. He was the editor of '' La Prensa'', the only significant opposition newspaper to the long rule of the Somoza family. He is a ...
, a critic of the
Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...
n government, is assassinated; riots erupt against
Somoza The Somoza family () is a political family which ruled Nicaragua under a dictatorship over a period of forty-three years, from 1936 to 1979. Founder, Anastasio Somoza García – who served as the President of Nicaragua from 1937 until 1956 – ...
's government. *
January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...
– Former American Vice President
Hubert Humphrey Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American politician who served from 1965 to 1969 as the 38th vice president of the United States. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Minnesota from 19 ...
, a Democrat, dies of cancer in
Waverly, Minnesota Waverly is a city in Wright County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,900 at the 2020 census. History The framework for the City of Waverly began in 1855, when the territorial legislature passed an act organizing Wright County. A ...
, at the age of 66. *
January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...
– The
European Court of Human Rights The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The court hears applications alleging that a co ...
finds the British government guilty of mistreating prisoners in
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ; ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It has been #Descriptions, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares Repub ...
, but not guilty of torture. *
January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
declares the ambassador of West Germany ''
persona non grata In diplomacy, a ' (PNG) is a foreign diplomat that is asked by the host country to be recalled to their home country. If the person is not recalled as requested, the host state may refuse to recognize the person concerned as a member of the diplo ...
''. *
January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...
**
Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
satellite
Kosmos 954 Kosmos 954 () was a reconnaissance satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1977. A malfunction prevented safe separation of its onboard Nuclear reactor technology, nuclear reactor; when the satellite Atmospheric reentry, reentered the Earth's ...
burns up in Earth's atmosphere, scattering radioactive debris over Canada's
Northwest Territories The Northwest Territories is a federal Provinces and territories of Canada, territory of Canada. At a land area of approximately and a 2021 census population of 41,070, it is the second-largest and the most populous of Provinces and territorie ...
. ** Rose Dugdale and Eddie Gallagher become the first convicted prisoners to marry in prison since the establishment of the
Republic of Ireland Ireland ( ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (), is a country in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 Counties of Ireland, counties of the island of Ireland, with a population of about 5.4 million. ...
. *
January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
27 – The Great Blizzard of 1978 strikes the
Ohio Valley The Ohio River () is a river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing in a southwesterly direction from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to its mouth on the Mississippi River in Cairo, ...
and
Great Lakes The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes spanning the Canada–United States border. The five lakes are Lake Superior, Superior, Lake Michigan, Michigan, Lake Huron, H ...
, killing 70.


February

*
February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...
– Film director
Roman Polanski Raymond Roman Thierry Polański (; born 18 August 1933) is a Polish and French filmmaker and actor. He is the recipient of List of awards and nominations received by Roman Polanski, numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, three Britis ...
skips
bail Bail is a set of pre-trial restrictions that are imposed on a suspect to ensure that they will not hamper the judicial process. Court bail may be offered to secure the conditional release of a defendant with the promise to appear in court when ...
in the United States and flees to France, after pleading guilty to charges of engaging in
sex Sex is the biological trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing organism produces male or female gametes. During sexual reproduction, a male and a female gamete fuse to form a zygote, which develops into an offspring that inheri ...
with a 13-year-old girl. *
February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...
7 – The
Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978 The Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978 was a catastrophic, historic nor'easter that struck New England, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and the New York metropolitan area. The Blizzard of '78 formed on Sunday, February 5, 1978 and broke u ...
hits the
New England New England is a region consisting of six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York (state), New York to the west and by the ...
region and the
New York metropolitan area The New York metropolitan area, also called the Tri-State area and sometimes referred to as Greater New York, is the List of cities by GDP, largest metropolitan economy in the world, with a List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP, gross metropo ...
, killing about 100, and causing over US$520 million in damage. *
February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...
King Dragon operation in Arakan: Burmese General
Ne Win Ne Win (; ; 24 May 1911 – 5 December 2002), born Shu Maung (; ), was a Burmese army general, politician and Prime Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1974, and also President of Burma from 1962 to 1981. Ne Win was Burma's mili ...
targets Muslim minorities in the village of Sakkipara. *
February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...
United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...
proceedings are broadcast on
radio Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 3  hertz (Hz) and 300  gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connec ...
for the first time. *
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...
– The
Budd Company The Budd Company was a 20th-century metal fabricator, a major supplier of body components to the automobile industry, and a manufacturer of stainless steel passenger rail cars, airframes, missile and space vehicles, and various defense produ ...
unveils its first SPV-2000 self-propelled railcar in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia ( ), colloquially referred to as Philly, is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania, most populous city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and the List of United States cities by population, sixth-most populous city in the Unit ...
, United States. *
February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...
**
Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314 On 11 February 1978, Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314, a Boeing 737-200, crashed at Cranbrook/Canadian Rockies International Airport, near Cranbrook, British Columbia, Canada, killing 43 of the 49 people on board. The scheduled flight fro ...
, a
Boeing 737 The Boeing 737 is an American narrow-body aircraft, narrow-body aircraft produced by Boeing at its Boeing Renton Factory, Renton factory in Washington (state), Washington. Developed to supplement the Boeing 727 on short and thin routes, the t ...
-200, crashes in
Cranbrook, British Columbia Cranbrook ( ) is a city in southeast British Columbia, Canada, located approximately 10 km southwest of the confluence of the Kootenay River and the St. Mary River (British Columbia), St. Mary's River. It is the largest urban centre in the region ...
, killing 44 of the 50 people on board. **
Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...
mobilizes its troops to deal with an apparent
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
n attack. ** The People's Republic of China lifts a ban on works by
Aristotle Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, a ...
,
William Shakespeare William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...
and
Charles Dickens Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer and Social criticism, social critic. He created some of literature's best-known fictional characters, and is regarded by ...
. *
February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...
Sydney Hilton Hotel bombing The Sydney Hilton Hotel bombing occurred on 13 February 1978, when a bomb exploded outside the Hilton Hotels & Resorts, Hilton Hotel in George Street, Sydney, Australia. The hotel was hosting the first Commonwealth Heads of Government Regional ...
: A bomb explodes outside the
Hilton Hotel Hilton Hotels & Resorts (formerly known as Hilton Hotels) is a global brand of full-service hotels and resorts and the flagship brand of American multinational hospitality company Hilton Worldwide. The original company was founded by Conrad Hi ...
in Sydney, Australia, killing a policeman and two civilians, and injuring several other people. *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...
Rhodesia Rhodesia ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Rhodesia from 1970, was an unrecognised state, unrecognised state in Southern Africa that existed from 1965 to 1979. Rhodesia served as the ''de facto'' Succession of states, successor state to the ...
, one of only two remaining white-ruled African nations (the other being South Africa), announces that it will accept
multiracial democracy Multiracial democracy is a democratic political system that is multiracial. It is cited as aspiration in South Africa after apartheid and as existing for the United States. See also * Cultural mosaic * Ethnopluralism * Intercultural relations * ...
within 2 years. *
February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...
Egyptian raid on Larnaca International Airport: Egyptian Special Forces attempt to rescue several hostages in Larnaca, Cyprus; 20 Egyptian commandos are injured or killed. *
February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. * ...
– The first Legislative Assembly election is held in
Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) region, and India declared it as a state on 20 February 1987. Itanagar is its capital and la ...
, India. *
February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantin ...
– The first
global positioning satellite The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based hyperbolic navigation system owned by the United States Space Force and operated by Mission Delta 31. It is one of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that provide geol ...
, the
Rockwell International Rockwell International was a major American manufacturing conglomerate (company), conglomerate. It was involved in aircraft, the space industry, defense and commercial electronics, components in the automotive industry, printing presses, avioni ...
-built Navstar 1, is launched by the United States.


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...
Charlie Chaplin Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered o ...
's remains are stolen from Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland. *
March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost ...
– ''
Soyuz 28 Soyuz 28 (, ''Union 28'') was a March 1978 Soviet crewed mission to the orbiting Salyut 6 space station. It was the fourth mission to the station, the third successful docking, and the second visit to the resident crew launched in Soyuz 26. Co ...
'' (
Aleksei Gubarev Aleksei Aleksandrovich Gubarev (; 29 March 1931 – 21 February 2015) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on two space flights: Soyuz 17 and Soyuz 28. Biography Gubarev graduated from the Soviet Naval Aviation School in 1952 and went on to ser ...
, Vladimír Remek) is launched on a rendezvous with ''
Salyut 6 Salyut 6 () was a Soviet orbital space station, the eighth station of the Salyut programme, and alternatively known DOS-5 as it was the fifth of the Durable Orbital Station series of civilian space stations. It was launched on 29 September 19 ...
'', with the first cosmonaut from a country other than the US or USSR (Czechoslovakian Vladimír Remek). *
March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 ...
**
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
admits that its troops are fighting with the aid of
Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...
n soldiers, against
Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...
n troops in the
Ogaden Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled ''Ogadēn''; , ) is one of the historical names used for the modern Somali Region. It is also natively referred to as Soomaali Galbeed (). The region forms the eastern portion of Ethiopia and borders Somalia ...
. **
Rhodesia Rhodesia ( , ; ), officially the Republic of Rhodesia from 1970, was an unrecognised state, unrecognised state in Southern Africa that existed from 1965 to 1979. Rhodesia served as the ''de facto'' Succession of states, successor state to the ...
attacks
Zambia Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa. It is typically referred to being in South-Central Africa or Southern Africa. It is bor ...
. ** The ''
New York Post The ''New York Post'' (''NY Post'') is an American Conservatism in the United States, conservative daily Tabloid (newspaper format), tabloid newspaper published in New York City. The ''Post'' also operates three online sites: NYPost. ...
'' publishes an article about David Rorvik's book ''The Cloning of Man'', about a supposed cloning of a human being. *
March 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem '' Shahnameh''. * 1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León. * 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between ...
– The first radio episode of ''
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' is a Science fiction comedy, comedy science fiction franchise created by Douglas Adams. Originally a The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (radio series), radio sitcom broadcast over two series on BBC ...
'', by
Douglas Adams Douglas Noel Adams (11 March 1952 – 11 May 2001) was an English author, humorist, and screenwriter, best known as the creator of ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy''. Originally a 1978 BBC radio comedy, ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the ...
, is transmitted on
BBC Radio 4 BBC Radio 4 is a British national radio station owned and operated by the BBC. The station replaced the BBC Home Service on 30 September 1967 and broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes from the BBC's headquarters at Broadcasti ...
. *
March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes ...
– ''
Soyuz 28 Soyuz 28 (, ''Union 28'') was a March 1978 Soviet crewed mission to the orbiting Salyut 6 space station. It was the fourth mission to the station, the third successful docking, and the second visit to the resident crew launched in Soyuz 26. Co ...
'' lands. *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the veneration of icons in the Orthodox churches in the Byzantine Empire. * 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last Bishop of Prague (3 March 13 ...
** Coastal Road massacre:
Palestinian Palestinians () are an Arab ethnonational group native to the Levantine region of Palestine. *: "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous p ...
terrorists Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war aga ...
kill 34
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
is. **
Claude François Claude Antoine Marie François (; 1 February 1939 – 11 March 1978), also known by the nickname Cloclo, was a French pop singer, composer, songwriter, record producer, drummer and dancer. François co-wrote the lyrics of " Comme d'habitude" ( ...
, French entertainer born 1939, dies by electrocution in his home in
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
. *
March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...
Operation Litani The 1978 South Lebanon conflict, also known as the First Israeli invasion of Lebanon and codenamed Operation Litani by Israel, began when Israel invaded southern Lebanon up to the Litani River in March 1978. It was in response to the Coas ...
:
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
i forces invade
Lebanon Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south ...
. *
March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman R ...
Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...
and
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
sign a truce to end the
Ethio-Somali War The Ogaden War, also known as the Ethio-Somali War (, ), was a military conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia fought from July 1977 to March 1978 over control of the sovereignty of the Ogaden region. Somalia launched an invasion in support ...
. *
March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Montségur. * 1355 – Amidst the Red Turban Rebellions, Han Lin'er, ...
– Former Italian Premier
Aldo Moro Aldo Moro (; 23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and prominent member of Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy (DC) and its centre-left wing. He served as prime minister of Italy in five terms from December 1963 ...
is kidnapped by the
Red Brigades The Red Brigades ( , often abbreviated BR) were an Italian far-left Marxist–Leninist militant group. It was responsible for numerous violent incidents during Italy's Years of Lead, including the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro in 1978, ...
; 5 bodyguards are killed. *
March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ...
– An oil tanker, ''
Amoco Cadiz ''Amoco Cadiz'' was an oil tanker owned by Amoco, Amoco Transport Corp and transporting crude oil for Royal Dutch Shell, Shell Oil. Operating under the Liberian flag, she ran aground on 16 March 1978 on Portsall, Portsall Rocks, from the coast ...
'', runs aground on the coast of
Brittany Brittany ( ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica in Roman Gaul. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duch ...
. *
March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ar ...
**
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani barrister and politician who served as the fourth president of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and later as the ninth Prime Minister of Pakistan, prime minister of Pakistan from 19 ...
,
Prime Minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan (, Roman Urdu, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Cabinet of Pakistan, cabinet, desp ...
, is sentenced to death by hanging, for ordering the assassination of a political opponent. ** California Jam II is held at the
Ontario Motor Speedway Ontario Motor Speedway was a motorsport venue located in Ontario, California. It was the first and only automobile racing facility built to accommodate major races sanctioned by all of the four dominant racing sanctioning bodies: United States Au ...
in
Ontario, California Ontario is a city in southwestern San Bernardino County, California, United States, east of downtown Los Angeles and west of downtown San Bernardino, the county seat. Located in the western part of the Inland Empire metropolitan area, it lies ...
, attracting more than 300,000 fans. *
March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthel ...
Karl Wallenda Karl Wallenda (; January 21, 1905 – March 22, 1978) was a German-American tightrope walking, high wire artist. He was the founder of The Flying Wallendas, a stunt performer, daredevil circus troupe whose members performed dangerous stunts far ...
of The Flying Wallendas dies, after falling off a tight-rope between two hotels in
San Juan, Puerto Rico San Juan ( , ; Spanish for "Saint John the Baptist, John") is the capital city and most populous Municipalities of Puerto Rico, municipality in the Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the ...
. *
March 26 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 624 – First Eid al-Fitr celebration. * 1021 – The death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret ...
– The
control tower Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through a given section of controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled a ...
and some other facilities of New Tokyo International Airport, which were scheduled to open on March 31, are illegally occupied and damaged in a terrorist attack by
New Left The New Left was a broad political movement that emerged from the counterculture of the 1960s and continued through the 1970s. It consisted of activists in the Western world who, in reaction to the era's liberal establishment, campaigned for freer ...
activists, forcing a rescheduling of its opening date to May 20. *
March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Did ...
**
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
's City Council signs the United States's most comprehensive
gay rights Rights affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction—encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality. Not ...
bill. ** '' Stump v. Sparkman'' (435 U.S. 349): The
Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all Federal tribunals in the United States, U.S. federal court cases, and over Stat ...
hands down a 5–3 decision, in a controversial case involving involuntary sterilization and
judicial immunity Judicial immunity is a form of sovereign immunity, which protects judges and others employed by the judiciary from liability resulting from their judicial actions. It is intended to ensure that judges can make decisions free from improper influen ...
.


April

*
April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. * 1081 – Alexios I Komnenos overthrows the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, and, after his tro ...
**
New Zealand National Airways Corporation New Zealand National Airways Corporation, popularly known as NAC, established by the New Zealand National Airways Act, 1945, was the national domestic airline of New Zealand until 1978 when it amalgamated with New Zealand's international airli ...
(the domestic airline of New Zealand) is merged with New Zealand's international airline,
Air New Zealand Air New Zealand Limited () is the flag carrier of New Zealand. Based in Auckland, the airline operates scheduled passenger flights to 20 domestic and 28 international destinations in 18 countries, primarily within the Pacific Rim. The airline h ...
. ** Dick Smith of Dick Smith Foods tows a fake
iceberg An iceberg is a piece of fresh water ice more than long that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open water. Smaller chunks of floating glacially derived ice are called "growlers" or "bergy bits". Much of an i ...
to
Sydney Harbour Port Jackson, commonly known as Sydney Harbour, is a ria, natural harbour on the east coast of Australia, around which Sydney was built. It consists of the waters of Sydney Harbour, Middle Harbour, North Harbour and the Lane Cove River, Lane ...
. ** The Philippine College of Commerce, through a presidential decree, is converted to the
Polytechnic University of the Philippines The Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP; ) is a public, coeducational, research university in Santa Mesa, Manila, Philippines. It was founded on 19 October 1904, as the Manila Business School (MBS) and as part of Manila's public sch ...
. *
April 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...
– ''
Dallas Dallas () is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the most populous city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of Texas metropolitan areas, most populous metropolitan area in Texas and the Metropolitan statistical area, fourth-most ...
'' debuts on
CBS CBS Broadcasting Inc., commonly shortened to CBS (an abbreviation of its original name, Columbia Broadcasting System), is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the CBS Entertainme ...
, and gives birth to the modern day primetime soap opera. *
April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. * 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. * 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. ...
– The
50th Academy Awards The 50th Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored films released in 1977 and took place on April 3, 1978, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. During the ceremony, AMPAS ...
are held at the
Dorothy Chandler Pavilion The Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is one of the halls in the Los Angeles Music Center, which is one of the largest performing arts centers in the United States. The Music Center's other halls include the Mark Taper Forum, Ahmanson Theatre, and Walt ...
in
Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...
, with ''
Annie Hall ''Annie Hall'' is a 1977 American satirical romantic comedy-drama film directed by Woody Allen from a screenplay written by Allen and Marshall Brickman, and produced by Allen's manager, Charles H. Joffe. The film stars Allen as Alvy Singer ...
'' winning
Best Picture The following is a list of categories of awards commonly awarded through organizations that bestow film awards, including those presented by various films, festivals, and people's awards. Best Actor/Best Actress *See Best Actor#Film awards, Bes ...
. *
April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...
– U.S. President
Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. (October 1, 1924December 29, 2024) was an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party ...
decides to postpone production of the
neutron bomb A neutron bomb, officially defined as a type of enhanced radiation weapon (ERW), is a low-yield thermonuclear weapon designed to maximize lethal neutron radiation in the immediate vicinity of the blast while minimizing the physical power of the b ...
, a weapon that kills people with radiation, but leaves buildings relatively intact. *
April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, ...
Somali
military officers An officer is a person who holds a position of authority as a member of an armed force or uniformed service. Broadly speaking, "officer" means a commissioned officer, a non-commissioned officer (NCO), or a warrant officer. However, absent c ...
stage an unsuccessful coup against the government of
Siad Barre Mohammed Siad Barre (, Osmanya script: , ''Muhammad Ziād Barīy''; 6 October 1919 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali military officer, politician, and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 Janu ...
; security forces thwart the attempt within hours, and several conspirators are arrested. *
April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...
1978 Tbilisi Demonstrations: Thousands of Georgians demonstrate against an attempt by
Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
authorities to change the constitutional status of the
Georgian language Georgian (, ) is the most widely spoken Kartvelian language, Kartvelian language family. It is the official language of Georgia (country), Georgia and the native or primary language of 88% of its population. It also serves as the literary langu ...
. *
April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara ...
– The U.S. Senate votes, 68–32, to turn the
Panama Canal The Panama Canal () is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Caribbean Sea with the Pacific Ocean. It cuts across the narrowest point of the Isthmus of Panama, and is a Channel (geography), conduit for maritime trade between th ...
over to
Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...
nian control on December 31,
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
. *
April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara ...
30 – The
Khmer Rouge The Khmer Rouge is the name that was popularly given to members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), and by extension to Democratic Kampuchea, which ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979. The name was coined in the 1960s by Norodom Sihano ...
massacres 3,157 civilians in Ba Chúc, Vietnam. *
April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 * 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. * 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
– A Soviet air defense plane shoots down Korean Air Lines Flight 902; the plane makes an emergency landing on a frozen lake. *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil ( discovery of Brazil). * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. * 1529 – Treaty of Zara ...
** Izhar Cohen & the Alphabeta win the
Eurovision Song Contest 1978 The Eurovision Song Contest 1978 was the 23rd edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Paris, France, following the country's victory at the with the song "L'Oiseau et l'Enfant" by Marie Myriam. Organised by the European Broadcas ...
for
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
with their song ''A-Ba-Ni-Bi''. ** The
One Love Peace Concert The One Love Concert (OLPC) was a large concert held on 22 April 1978 at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. This concert was held during a political civil war in Jamaica between opposing parties Jamaican Labour Party and the People's ...
is held at National Heroes Stadium in
Kingston, Jamaica Kingston is the Capital (political), capital and largest city of Jamaica, located on the southeastern coast of the island. It faces a natural harbour protected by the Palisadoes, a long spit (landform), sand spit which connects the town of Por ...
.
Bob Marley Robert Nesta Marley (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer, songwriter, and guitarist. Considered one of the pioneers of reggae, he fused elements of reggae, ska and rocksteady and was renowned for his distinctive voca ...
unites two opposing political leaders at this concert, bringing peace to the civil war-ridden streets of the city. *
April 25 Events Pre-1600 * 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against th ...
St. Paul, Minnesota Saint Paul (often abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 311,527, making it Minnesota's second-most populous city a ...
becomes the second U.S. city to repeal its gay rights ordinance, after
Anita Bryant Anita Jane Bryant (March 25, 1940 – December 16, 2024) was an American singer and anti-gay rights activist. She had three top 20 hits in the United States in the early 1960s. She was the 1958 Miss Oklahoma beauty pageant winner, and a brand ...
's successful 1977 anti-gay campaign in
Miami-Dade County, Florida Miami-Dade County () is a County (United States), county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. The county had a population of 2,701,767 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the most populous coun ...
. *
April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the '' ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes ...
**
Saur Revolution The Saur Revolution (; ), also known as the April Revolution or the April Coup, was a violent coup d'état and uprising staged on 27–28 April 1978 (, ) by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), which overthrew President of Afghan ...
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...
's president
Mohammad Daoud Khan Mohammad Daoud Khan (Dari/) also romanized as Daud Khan or Dawood Khan; 18July 190928April 1978) was an Afghan head of state, military officer and politician who served as prime minister of Afghanistan from 1953 to 1963 and, as leader of the 1973 ...
and his family are murdered;
Nur Muhammad Taraki Nur Muhammad Taraki (; 14 July 1917 – 9 October 1979) was an Afghan communist politician, journalist and writer. He was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) who served as its General Secretary from 1965 to ...
succeeds him, beginning the Afghan war which has not ended yet. ** Willow Island disaster – In the deadliest construction accident in United States history, 51 construction workers are killed when a
cooling tower A cooling tower is a device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a coolant stream, usually a water stream, to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove heat and cool the ...
under construction collapses at the
Pleasants Power Station Pleasants Power Station is a 1.3-gigawatt (1,300 MW) coal power plant located near Belmont, West Virginia in Pleasants County, West Virginia. The plant is owned by Energy Harbor and began operations in 1979. The power plant was the site of t ...
in Willow Island, West Virginia. *
April 30 Events Pre-1600 * 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends. * 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois. *1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus ...
– The "
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, later known as the Republic of Afghanistan, was the Afghan state between History of Afghanistan (1978–1992), 1978 and 1992. It was bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, by Iran to the west, by the ...
" is proclaimed, under pro-communist leader
Nur Muhammad Taraki Nur Muhammad Taraki (; 14 July 1917 – 9 October 1979) was an Afghan communist politician, journalist and writer. He was a founding member of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) who served as its General Secretary from 1965 to ...
.


May

*
May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformer John Wycliffe is condemned a ...
** The Battle of Cassinga occurs in southern
Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...
. **
Communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...
activist Henri Curiel is murdered in Paris. *
May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...
** Norway opens a
natural gas Natural gas (also fossil gas, methane gas, and gas) is a naturally occurring compound of gaseous hydrocarbons, primarily methane (95%), small amounts of higher alkanes, and traces of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and helium ...
field, in the Polar Sea. **
Reinhold Messner Reinhold Andreas Messner (; born 17 September 1944) is an Italian climber, explorer, and author from the German-speaking province of South Tyrol. He made the first solo ascent of Mount Everest and, along with Peter Habeler, the first ascent o ...
(Italy) and
Peter Habeler Peter Habeler (born 22 July 1942) is an Austrian mountaineer. He was born in Mayrhofen, Austria. He developed an interest in mountain climbing at age six.http://www.everesthistory.com/climbers/habeler Among his accomplishments as a mountaineer a ...
(Austria) make the first ascent of Mount Everest, without supplemental oxygen. *
May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. * 1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. * 1386 – England and Portugal formall ...
– In Rome, the corpse of former Italian prime minister
Aldo Moro Aldo Moro (; 23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and prominent member of Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy (DC) and its centre-left wing. He served as prime minister of Italy in five terms from December 1963 ...
, is found in a red
Renault 4 The Renault 4, or R4 in short (and 4L, pronounced "Quatrelle" in French ), is an economy car built by the French company Renault from 1961 to 1994. Although the Renault 4 was first marketed as a short estate or wagon, its minimal rear o ...
. *
May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the ...
– In
Zaire Zaire, officially the Republic of Zaire, was the name of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1971 to 18 May 1997. Located in Central Africa, it was, by area, the third-largest country in Africa after Sudan and Algeria, and the 11th-la ...
, rebels occupy the city of
Kolwezi Kolwezi or Kolwesi is the capital city of Lualaba Province in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Likasi. It has an airport and a railway to Lubumbashi. Just outside of Kolwezi there is the static inverter plant of the ...
, the mining centre of the province of Shaba. The Zairean government asks the U.S., France and Belgium to restore order. *
May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the ...
13 – A group of
mercenaries A mercenary is a private individual who joins an War, armed conflict for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a member of any other official military. Mercenaries fight for money or other forms of payment rath ...
, led by
Bob Denard Robert Denard (born Gilbert Bourgeaud; 7 April 1929 – 13 October 2007) was a French mercenary. He served as the ''de facto'' military leader of the Comoros twice with him first serving from 13 May 1978 to 15 December 1989 and again briefly f ...
, oust
Ali Soilih Ali Soilih M'Tsashiwa (; January 7, 1937 – May 29, 1978) was a Comorian socialist revolutionary and political figure who served as the third President of the Comoros from 3 January 1976 to 13 May 1978. Biography Soilih was born in Majung ...
in the
Comoros The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city is Moroni, ...
; ten local soldiers are killed. Denard forms a new government. *
May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurpe ...
** Students of the
University of Tehran The University of Tehran (UT) or Tehran University (, ) is a public collegiate university in Iran, and the oldest and most prominent Iranian university located in Tehran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as ...
riot in
Tabriz Tabriz (; ) is a city in the Central District (Tabriz County), Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province, East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran. It serves as capital of the province, the county, and the distric ...
; the army stops the riot. ** First Timezone Opens in
Perth, Western Australia Perth () is the list of Australian capital cities, capital city of Western Australia. It is the list of cities in Australia by population, fourth-most-populous city in Australia, with a population of over 2.3 million within Greater Perth . The ...
*
May 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explo ...
Charlie Chaplin Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered o ...
's coffin is found some from the cemetery from which it was stolen, near Lake Geneva. *
May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 47 ...
** Soviet dissident Yuri Orlov is sentenced to 7 years' hard labor, for distributing 'counterrevolutionary material'. **
Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ), ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'' is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 2 ...
is selected to host the
1984 Winter Olympics The 1984 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games (Serbo-Croatian language, Serbo-Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, Serbian Cyrillic: ; ) and commonly known as Sarajevo '84 (Serbian Cy ...
, and Los Angeles is selected to host the
1984 Summer Olympics The 1984 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXIII Olympiad and commonly known as Los Angeles 1984) were an international multi-sport event held from July 28 to August 12, 1984, in Los Angeles, California, United States. It marked the ...
. *
May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 47 ...
19 – Belgian and French paratroopers fly to Zaire, to aid the fight against the rebels. *
May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. * 934 – The Byzantine Empire reconquers Melitene under ...
20
French Foreign Legion The French Foreign Legion (, also known simply as , "the Legion") is a corps of the French Army created to allow List of militaries that recruit foreigners, foreign nationals into French service. The Legion was founded in 1831 and today consis ...
paratrooper A paratrooper or military parachutist is a soldier trained to conduct military operations by parachuting directly into an area of operations, usually as part of a large airborne forces unit. Traditionally paratroopers fight only as light infa ...
s land in
Kolwezi Kolwezi or Kolwesi is the capital city of Lualaba Province in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Likasi. It has an airport and a railway to Lubumbashi. Just outside of Kolwezi there is the static inverter plant of the ...
,
Zaire Zaire, officially the Republic of Zaire, was the name of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1971 to 18 May 1997. Located in Central Africa, it was, by area, the third-largest country in Africa after Sudan and Algeria, and the 11th-la ...
, to rescue Europeans in the middle of a civil war. *
May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose h ...
Mavis Hutchinson, 53, becomes the first woman to run across the U.S.; her trek took 69 days. *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. ...
– Exiled leaders
Ahmed Abdallah Ahmed Abdallah Abderemane (, , 12 June 1919 – 26 November 1989) was a top Comoros, Comorian politician. He was a member of the French Senate from 1959 to 1973, and President of the Comoros from 25 October 1978 until his assassination in 1 ...
and
Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Fahal (; 12 August 1843 – 21 June 1885) was a Sudanese religious and political leader. In 1881, he claimed to be the Mahdi and led a war against Egyptian rule in Sudan, which culminated in a remarkable vi ...
return to the
Comoros The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city is Moroni, ...
. *
May 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction. * 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy. *1533 – The marriage of King Henry ...
– American basketball player center
Bill Walton William Theodore Walton III (November 5, 1952 – May 27, 2024) was an American basketball player and television Sports commentator, sportscaster. He played college basketball, collegiately for the UCLA Bruins men's basketball, UCLA Bruins an ...
of the
Portland Trail Blazers The Portland Trail Blazers (colloquially known as the Blazers) are an American professional basketball team based in Portland, Oregon. The Trail Blazers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Northwest Division (N ...
was named the
National Basketball Association The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a professional basketball league in North America composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada). The NBA is one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Ca ...
regular season MVP. *
May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...
** First Unabomber attack: A bomb explodes in the security section of
Northwestern University Northwestern University (NU) is a Private university, private research university in Evanston, Illinois, United States. Established in 1851 to serve the historic Northwest Territory, it is the oldest University charter, chartered university in ...
, wounding a security guard. ** In a rematch of the previous season, the
Montreal Canadiens The Montreal Canadiens (), officially ' ( Canadian Hockey Club) and colloquially known as the Habs, are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal. The Canadiens compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Atlantic D ...
again defeat the
Boston Bruins The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston. The Bruins compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Atlantic Division (NHL), Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference (NHL), Eastern Conference. The t ...
, this time four games to two, to win the
Stanley Cup The Stanley Cup () is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL) playoff champion. It is the oldest existing trophy to be awarded to a professional sports franchise in North America, and the International Ic ...
. *
May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire ta ...
– In
Atlantic City, New Jersey Atlantic City, sometimes referred to by its initials A.C., is a Jersey Shore seaside resort city (New Jersey), city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Atlantic City comprises the second half of ...
, Resorts International, the first legal
casino A casino is a facility for gambling. Casinos are often built near or combined with hotels, resorts, restaurants, retail shops, cruise ships, and other tourist attractions. Some casinos also host live entertainment, such as stand-up comedy, conce ...
in the eastern United States, opens. *
May 28 Events Pre-1600 * 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
Indianapolis 500 The Indianapolis 500, formally known as the Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, and commonly shortened to Indy 500, is an annual automobile race held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana, United States, an enclave suburb of Indian ...
:
Al Unser Alfred Unser (May 29, 1939 – December 9, 2021) was an American automobile racing driver, the younger brother of fellow racing drivers Jerry and Bobby Unser, and father of Al Unser Jr. He was the second of four men ( A. J. Foyt, himself, Ri ...
wins his third race, and the first for car owner Jim Hall. *
May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops unde ...
Ali Soilih Ali Soilih M'Tsashiwa (; January 7, 1937 – May 29, 1978) was a Comorian socialist revolutionary and political figure who served as the third President of the Comoros from 3 January 1976 to 13 May 1978. Biography Soilih was born in Majung ...
is found dead in the
Comoros The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city is Moroni, ...
, allegedly shot when trying to escape.


June

*
June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...
– The
1978 FIFA World Cup The 1978 FIFA World Cup was the 11th edition of the FIFA World Cup, a Anniversary#Latin-derived numerical names, quadrennial international Association football, football world championship tournament among the men's senior national teams. It wa ...
starts in
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
. *
June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 260 – Sima Zhao's regicide of Cao Mao: The figurehead Wei emperor Cao Mao personally leads an attempt to oust his regent, Sima Zhao; the attempted coup is crushed and the emperor killed. * 455 – Sack of Rome: ...
Japan Air Lines 115 had its tail struck on the runway on the airport it landed in. The same aircraft would be involved in a 2nd accident 7 years later *
June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. * 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederic ...
Affirmed Affirmed (February 21, 1975 – January 12, 2001) was a champion American Thoroughbred horse racing, racehorse who is the eleventh winner of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States), American Triple Crown. Affirmed was well known ...
holds off
Alydar Alydar (March 23, 1975 – November 15, 1990) was an American Thoroughbred horse racing, race horse and sire. A chestnut colt, he was most famous for finishing a close second to Affirmed in all three races of the 1978 Triple Crown of Thoro ...
to win the
Belmont Stakes The Belmont Stakes is an American Graded stakes race, Grade I stakes Thoroughbred racing, race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds run at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. It is run over the worldwide classic distance of . Colt (horseracing), Colt ...
and becomes the last horse to win the U.S. Triple Crown of Horse Racing until
2015 2015 was designated by the United Nations as: * International Year of Light * International Year of Soil __TOC__ Events January * January 1 – Lithuania officially adopts the euro as its currency, replacing the litas, and becomes ...
. *
June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of So ...
– King Hussein of Jordan marries 26-year-old Lisa Halaby, who takes the name Queen Noor of Jordan, Queen Noor. * June 19 ** England cricketer Ian Botham becomes the first man in the history of the game to score a century and take eight wickets in one innings of a Test match. ** ''Garfield's'' first comic strip, originally published locally as ''Jon'' in 1976, goes into nationwide Print syndication, syndication. * June 20 – The 6.2 1978 Thessaloniki earthquake, Thessaloniki earthquake shakes Northern Greece with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''). Fifty people were killed. * June 21 ** A shootout between Provisional IRA members and the British Army in Northern Ireland leaves one civilian and three IRA men dead. ** 1978 Iranian Chinook shootdown: Iranian helicopters stray into Soviet airspace and are shot down. * June 22 – Charon (moon), Charon, a satellite of Pluto, is discovered. * June 24 – The Gay & Lesbian Solidarity March is held in Sydney, Australia to mark the 9th Anniversary of the Stonewall riots (which later becomes the annual Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras; later incorporating a festival). * June 25 ** Argentina national football team, Argentina defeats Netherlands national football team, the Netherlands 3–1 after extra time to win the
1978 FIFA World Cup The 1978 FIFA World Cup was the 11th edition of the FIFA World Cup, a Anniversary#Latin-derived numerical names, quadrennial international Association football, football world championship tournament among the men's senior national teams. It wa ...
. ** The Rainbow flag (LGBT), rainbow flag of the LGBT movement flies for the first time (in its original form) at the San Francisco Pride, San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade. * June 26 – A bombing by Breton nationalists causes destruction in the Palace of Versailles. * June 30 –
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
begins a massive offensive in Eritrea.


July

* July 1 – Australia's Northern Territory is granted Self-governance, self-government. * July 3 – The Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization, Amazon Co-operation Treaty (ACT) is signed. * July 7 – The Solomon Islands become independent from the United Kingdom. * July 11 – At least 217 tourists die in an Los Alfaques disaster, explosion of a tanker-truck at a campsite in Costa Daurada, Spain. * July 24 – In Acapulco, Mexico, Margaret Gardiner (beauty queen), Margaret Gardiner of South Africa is crowned Miss Universe. * July 25 – Louise Brown, the world's first test tube baby, is born in Oldham, Greater Manchester, UK.


August

* August 6 – Pope Paul VI dies at Castel Gandolfo. * August 12 – The Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China is concluded. * August 17 – ''Double Eagle II'' becomes the first balloon to successfully cross the Atlantic Ocean, flying from Presque Isle, Maine, to Miserey, France. * August 22 **Sandinistas seize the Nicaraguan National Palace. ** Kenya's first president and founding father, Jomo Kenyatta dies aged 89 in Mombasa. * August 26 – Pope John Paul I succeeds Pope Paul VI as the 263rd Pope.


September

* September 5 – Camp David Accords: Hosted by U.S. President
Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. (October 1, 1924December 29, 2024) was an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party ...
, Israel's Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egypt's President Anwar Sadat met at Camp David in Maryland to discuss a peace agreement between the two nations. * September 7 – In London, UK, a poison-filled pellet, supposedly injected using an umbrella, fatally poisons Bulgarian defector Georgi Markov; he dies four days later. * September 8 – Iranian Army troops Black Friday (1978), open fire on rioters in Tehran, killing 122, wounding 4,000. * September 12 – The Declaration of Alma Ata is signed and released in the Capital City of Kazakh, USSR. Known as the core document on Primary Health Care Practices and Equity in Healthcare, it paved the way for the modern-day State-sponsored Healthcare System. * September 16 ** The 7.4 1978 Tabas earthquake, Tabas earthquake killed at least 15,000 people in the city of Tabas in Iran. The quake was measured with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). ** General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq officially assumes the post of President of Pakistan. * September 17 – The Camp David Accords are signed between Israel and Egypt. * September 19 ** Police in the West Midlands (region), West Midlands of England launch a massive murder hunt, when 13-year-old newspaper boy Carl Bridgewater is shot dead after disturbing a burglary. ** The Solomon Islands join the United Nations. * September 20 – General Rahimuddin Khan assumes the post of martial law Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan. * September 23 – California Angels outfielder Lyman Bostock is shot to death at age 27 while visiting friends in Gary, Indiana during an Angels' road trip in Chicago, Illinois. * September 24 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera ''Otello'' makes its first appearance on ''Live from the Met'', in a complete production of the opera starring Jon Vickers. This is the first complete television broadcast of the opera in the U.S. since the historic 1948 one. * September 25 – PSA Flight 182, a Boeing 727, collides with a small private airplane and crashes in San Diego, California; 144 are killed. * September 27 – The last Forest Brothers, Forest Brother Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla movement fighter is discovered and killed in Estonia. * September 28 – Pope John Paul I dies after only 33 days as the Roman Catholic Pontiff. * September 30 – Finnair Flight 405 aircraft is hijacked by Aarno Lamminparras in Oulu, Finland. * September – Attempted poisoning of 500 members of the African National Congress by South African government infiltrators.


October

* October 1 ** Vietnam attacks Cambodia. ** Tuvalu becomes independent from the United Kingdom. * October 2 – ''Mommie Dearest'', written by Christina Crawford that discusses her adoptive mother Joan Crawford's abusive nature, is published. It is the first celebrity tell-all memoir. * October 7 – ''Wranslide'' in New South Wales: the Neville Wran, Wran government is re-elected with an increased majority. * October 8 – Australia's Ken Warby sets the current world water speed record of 317.6 mph (511.13 km/h) at Blowering Dam, Australia. * October 9 – P. W. Botha, P.W. Botha succeeds B. J. Vorster, John Vorster as Prime Minister of South Africa. * October 10 ** Daniel arap Moi becomes president of Kenya. ** B. J. Vorster, John Vorster becomes State President of South Africa.A Guide for Study of Historical Offices: South Africa: Heads of State: 1961–1994
Archontology.org; accessed April 14, 2017.
** A massive short circuit in Seasat's electrical system ends the satellite's scientific mission. ** United States President
Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. (October 1, 1924December 29, 2024) was an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party ...
signs a bill that authorizes the minting of the Susan B. Anthony dollar. * October 13 – The Soviet Union launches a major Russification campaign throughout all union republics. * October 14 – U.S. President
Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. (October 1, 1924December 29, 2024) was an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party ...
signs a bill into law which allows homebrewing of beer in the United States. * October 16 – Pope John Paul II succeeds Pope John Paul I as the 264th pope, resulting in the first Year of Three Popes since 1605. He is the first Polish pope in history, and the first non-Italian pope since Pope Adrian VI (1522–1523). * October 18 – Thorbjörn Fälldin steps down as Prime Minister of Sweden, and is succeeded by Ola Ullsten, the Leader of the liberal People's Party ("''Folkpartiet''"). * October 20 – The first Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras is held as a protest march and commemoration of the Stonewall riots. * October 21 – Australian civilian pilot Disappearance of Frederick Valentich, Frederick Valentich vanishes in a Cessna 182 Skylane over the Bass Strait south of Melbourne, after reporting contact with an unidentified aircraft. * October 27 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin win the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward achieving a Middle East accord. * October 31 – The South African Railways sets a still unbeaten Land speed record for rail vehicles, world rail speed record on Cape gauge.


November

* November 2: 8:00 pm – The
Republic of Ireland Ireland ( ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (), is a country in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 Counties of Ireland, counties of the island of Ireland, with a population of about 5.4 million. ...
's second television channel RTÉ Two, RTÉ 2 goes on air (renamed Network 2, 1988; RTÉ Network Two, 1995; N2, 1997; and RTÉ Two in 2004). * November 3 – Dominica gains its independence from the United Kingdom. * November 5 – Indira Gandhi is elected to the Indian parliament for the first time in 20 months after winning a by-election. * November 18 – In Guyana, Jim Jones leads his Peoples Temple cult in a mass murder–suicide in his commune, Jonestown, that claims 918 lives in all, 909 of them at Jonestown itself, including over 270 children. Leo Ryan, Representative Leo J. Ryan is assassinated by members of Peoples Temple shortly beforehand. * November 24 – China starts an experimental "household responsibility system", in Anhui, Anhui Province. * November 26 – Two British commercial divers, Michael Ward and Tony Prangley, die of hypothermia and drowning in the East Shetland Basin after their diving bell Star Canopus diving accident, plunges to the seabed at a depth of over . * November 27 – Moscone-Milk assassinations: San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk are assassinated by disgruntled former Supervisor Dan White.


December

* December 4 – Dianne Feinstein succeeds the murdered George Moscone, to become the first woman mayor of
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
; she will remain in office until January 8, 1988. * December 6 – The Spanish Constitution of 1978, Spanish Constitution officially restores the country's democratic government. * December 11 ** Lufthansa heist: Six men rob a Lufthansa cargo facility in New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport. ** Two million demonstrate against the Shah in Iran. *December 15 – ''Superman (1978 film), Superman: The Movie'' is released in cinemas in the United States. * December 16 ** Train 87 from Nanjing to Xining collides with train 368 from Xi'an to Xuzhou near Yangzhuang railway station in China, killing 106, injuring 218. ** ''The Mystery of Mamo'' is released in cinemas in Japan. * December 19 – Former Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi is arrested and jailed for a week for breach of privilege and contempt of parliament. * December 22 ** The pivotal Third Plenum of the 11th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party is held in Beijing, with Deng Xiaoping reversing Mao-era policies to pursue a program for Chinese economic reform. ** Chicago serial killer John Wayne Gacy, who was subsequently convicted of the murder of 33 young men and boys committed between 1972 and 1978, is arrested. **
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
begins Operation Soberanía against Chile, but Argentinian forces quickly withdraw. * December 25 – Vietnam launches a major offensive against the
Khmer Rouge The Khmer Rouge is the name that was popularly given to members of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), and by extension to Democratic Kampuchea, which ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979. The name was coined in the 1960s by Norodom Sihano ...
of Cambodia. * December 27 – The Spanish Constitution of 1978, Constitution of Spain is approved in a referendum, officially ending 40 years of military dictatorship.


Date unknown

* Myriodontium keratinophilum is first isolated in Italy during the screening of soil Microorganisms, microbes. * Synthetic insulin is developed. * Romanian painter Doina Bumbea is abducted by the North Korean government. * Abortion is legalized in Italy for the first time. * In Seoul, South Korea, construction begins on Seoul Subway Line 2.


Births


January

*
January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...
– Philip Mulryne, Northern Irish footballer * January 2 – Karina Smirnoff, Ukrainian-American dancer * January 3 ** Liya Kebede, Ethiopian model, clothing designer and actress ** Park Sol-mi, South Korean actress * January 4 – Karine Ruby, French snowboarder (d. 2009) *
January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...
** Franck Montagny, French Formula One driver ** January Jones, American actress * January 7 – Emilio Palma, Argentine citizen, first human born in Antarctica * January 9 ** Chad Johnson, American football player ** AJ McLean, American singer ** Gennaro Gattuso, Italian football player *
January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...
– Kanako Mitsuhashi, Japanese voice actress * January 11 – Emile Heskey, English footballer * January 12 – Hannah Gadsby, Australian comedian *
January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...
** Ashmit Patel, Indian actor ** Mohit Sharma (soldier), Mohit Sharma Indian Army Officer * January 14 – Shawn Crawford, American sprinter * January 15 ** Eddie Cahill, American actor ** Franco Pellizotti, Italian cyclist * January 16 – Vijay Sethupathi, Indian actor * January 17 ** Susanne Schaper, German politician ** Ricky Wilson (singer), Ricky Wilson, British vocalist (Kaiser Chiefs) *
January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...
** Thor Hushovd, Norwegian cyclist ** Katja Kipping, German politician * January 20 – Omar Sy, French actor and comedian *
January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...
– Kristen Schaal, American actress, comedian, and writer *
January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...
– Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Ukrainian politician and comedian, President of Ukraine * January 28 ** Gianluigi Buffon, Italian footballer ** Jamie Carragher, English footballer ** Papa Bouba Diop, Senegalese footballer (d. 2020) ** Sheamus, Irish professional wrestler ** Vanessa Villela, Mexican actress


February

*
February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...
– Karen Martello, Venezuelan singer and television presenter. * February 2 ** Nelson Chamisa, Zimbabwean politician ** Barry Ferguson, Scottish footballer and coach * February 3 ** Joan Capdevila, Spanish footballer ** Amal Clooney, British-Lebanese barrister, activist and author * February 4 – Danna García, Colombian actress and model *
February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...
** Brian Russell, American football player ** Samuel Sánchez, Spanish road bicycle racer *
February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...
** Danny Buderus, Australian rugby league player ** Olena Zelenska, Ukrainian first lady and former model ** Yael Naim, Israeli-French singer and songwriter * February 7 ** Omotola Jalade Ekeinde, Nigerian actress, singer, philanthropist and former model ** Ashton Kutcher, American actor ** Ivan Leko, Croatian football player and coach ** Daniel Van Buyten, Belgian footballer * February 10 ** Isabella Eklöf, Swedish screenwriter and film director ** Don Omar (stage name for William Omar Landrón Rivera), Puerto Rican American rapper known as the "King of Reggaeton"; in San Juan, Puerto Rico, San Juan * February 12 ** Gethin Jones, Welsh television presenter ** Silver Meikar, Estonian politician *
February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...
– Niklas Bäckström, Finnish hockey player * February 14 ** Richard Hamilton (basketball), Richard Hamilton, American basketball player ** Danai Gurira, American actress and playwright ** Darius Songaila, Lithuanian basketball player *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...
– Rafał Romanowski, Polish politician * February 16 ** Tia Hellebaut, Belgian athlete ** John Tartaglia, American actor ** Yekaterina Volkova (runner), Yekaterina Volkova, Russian middle-distance runner *
February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...
** Kenyatta Wright, American football player ** Immortal Technique, Peruvian-American rapper * February 20 ** Julia Jentsch, German actress ** Ken Takeuchi, Japanese voice actor * February 21 ** Kim Ha-neul, South Korean actress ** Kumail Nanjiani, Pakistani-American actor and comedian ** Miki Sakai, Japanese actress * February 22 – Jenny Frost, English singer * February 23 – Dan Snyder (ice hockey), Dan Snyder, Canadian hockey player (d. 2003) * February 24 – Gary (rapper), Gary, South Korean musician, entertainer *
February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. * ...
– Yuji Nakazawa, Japanese footballer *
February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantin ...
– Kakha Kaladze, Georgian footballer and politician, Mayor of Tbilisi * February 28 ** Jeanne Cherhal, French singer-songwriter ** Yasir Hameed, Pakistani cricketer ** Benjamin Raich, Austrian skier


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...
** Jensen Ackles, American actor ** Liya Kebede, Ethiopian model and fashion designer ** Sakura Nogawa, Japanese voice actress *
March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost ...
** Tomáš Kaberle, Czech hockey player ** Sebastian Janikowski, American football player *
March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 ...
– Tanishaa Mukerji, Indian actress * March 4 – Denis Dallan, Italian rugby union footballer * March 6 ** Sage Rosenfels, American football player ** Mike Jackson (Oklahoma politician), Mike Jackson, American politician *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the veneration of icons in the Orthodox churches in the Byzantine Empire. * 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last Bishop of Prague (3 March 13 ...
** Didier Drogba, Ivorian footballer ** Ha Jung-woo, South Korean actor and director * March 12 ** Neal Obermeyer, American editorial cartoonist ** Claudio Sanchez, American writer and musician * March 13 ** Tom Danielson, American cyclist ** Kenny Watson (American football), Kenny Watson, American football player *
March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...
** Pieter van den Hoogenband, Dutch swimmer ** Carl Johan Bergman, Swedish biathlete ** Moon Hee-joon, Korean singer *
March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman R ...
– Flavio Furtado, Cape Verdean boxer *
March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Montségur. * 1355 – Amidst the Red Turban Rebellions, Han Lin'er, ...
** Matthew Montgomery (actor), Matthew Montgomery, American actor ** Brooke Burns, American fashion model and actress *
March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ...
** Pilar Rubio, Spanish reporter and TV presenter ** Patrick Seitz, American voice actor *
March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ar ...
** Fernandão (footballer, born 1978), Fernandão, Brazilian footballer (d.2014) ** Antonio Margarito, Mexican-American boxer ** Yoshie Takeshita, Japanese volleyball player * March 19 – Lenka, Australian singer and actress * March 21 – Rani Mukerji, Indian actress *
March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthel ...
**Josh Heupel, American football player and coach **Vanessa Senior, Venezuelan comedian and actress. * March 23 ** Nicholle Tom, American actress ** Perez Hilton, American actor and blogger * March 24 – Tomáš Ujfaluši, Czech footballer * March 27 – Romesh Ranganathan, English-Pakistani comedian and actor * March 29 – Igor Rakočević, Serbian basketball player


April

*
April 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...
– Nick Berg, American businessman (d. 2004) *
April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. * 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. * 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. ...
** Matthew Goode, English actor ** Tommy Haas, German tennis player ** John Smit, South African rugby union player * April 4 – Sam Moran, Australian singer * April 5 ** Franziska van Almsick, German swimmer ** Arnaud Tournant, French track cyclist * April 6 ** Tim Hasselbeck, American football player ** Myleene Klass, British singer, pianist, and model ** Martín Méndez, Uruguayan musician and songwriter ** Lauren Ridloff, African-American actress *
April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...
** Duncan James, English singer ** Adrienne Haan, German-Luxembourgish actress, singer, writer and producer *
April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, ...
** Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer ** Takashi Ohara, Japanese voice actor ** Rachel Stevens, English singer * April 10 – Rokhaya Diallo, French writer and filmmaker * April 12 ** Guy Berryman, Scottish musician ** Cheeming Boey, Malaysian artist ** Riley Smith, American actor * April 13 ** Kyle Howard, American television and movie actor ** Sylvie Meis, Dutch model and television host * April 15 – Luis Fonsi, Puerto Rican singer and songwriter * April 16 ** Lara Dutta, Indian actress and beauty queen ** Matthew Lloyd, Australian rules footballer * April 17 ** Juan Guillermo Castillo, Uruguayan goalkeeper ** Jason White (rugby union), Jason White, Scottish rugby union player * April 19 ** James Franco, American actor ** Gabriel Heinze, Argentine football player and coach *
April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 * 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. * 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
** Matthew Wilkas, American actor, playwright and reality television personality ** Matt Austin (actor), Matt Austin, Canadian actor ** Alessandro Rigotti, Italian voice actor * April 21 – Jukka Nevalainen, Finnish drummer * April 23 – Princess Tamara Czartoryski-Borbon, Tamara Czartoryski-Borbon, Spanish athlete *
April 25 Events Pre-1600 * 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against th ...
– Duncan Kibet, Kenyan long-distance runner * April 26 ** Stana Katic, Canadian-American actress ** Shinnosuke Tachibana, Japanese voice actor * April 29 ** Bob and Mike Bryan, American doubles tennis team ** Tyler Labine, Canadian actor


May

*
May 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''. * 1415 – Religious reformer John Wycliffe is condemned a ...
– Daisuke Ono, Japanese voice actor **Ognjen Jovanić, Croatian chess grandmaster * May 6 ** Tony Estanguet, French slalom canoeist ** Aleksandr Fyodorov (bodybuilder), Aleksandr Fyodorov, Russian bodybuilder *
May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...
– Lúcio, Brazilian footballer * May 10 – Kenan Thompson, African-American actor and comedian * May 11 ** Laetitia Casta, French supermodel and actress ** Judy Ann Santos, Filipino actress *
May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the ...
** Hossein Rezazadeh, Iranian weightlifter ** Jason Biggs, American actor ** Aya Ishiguro, Japanese singer, writer, and fashion designer ** Malin Åkerman, Swedish-Canadian actress * May 13 – Barry Zito, American baseball player * May 14 – Elisa Togut, Italian volleyball player *
May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurpe ...
** Dwayne De Rosario, Canadian soccer player ** Caroline Dhavernas, French-Canadian actress ** Krzysztof Ignaczak, Polish volleyball player * May 16 – Lionel Scaloni, Argentine football coach and former football player *
May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 47 ...
** Ricardo Carvalho, Portuguese footballer ** Cindy Parlow Cone, American soccer player *
May 19 Events Pre-1600 * 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace. * 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected. * 934 – The Byzantine Empire reconquers Melitene under ...
– Marcus Bent, English footballer *** *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. ...
** Katie Price (Jordan), English model and television personality ** Ginnifer Goodwin, American actress *
May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...
– Adam Gontier, Canadian singer *
May 28 Events Pre-1600 * 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from ...
** Jake Johnson, American actor and comedian ** Tomohiko Ito (footballer), Tomohiko Ito, Japanese footballer *
May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops unde ...
** Pelle Almqvist, Swedish singer-songwriter ** Sébastien Grosjean, French tennis player * May 30 – Lyoto Machida, Brazilian mixed martial artist * May 31 – Sara Duterte, 15th Vice President of the Philippines


June

*
June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...
– Antonietta Di Martino, Italian high-jumper *
June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 260 – Sima Zhao's regicide of Cao Mao: The figurehead Wei emperor Cao Mao personally leads an attempt to oust his regent, Sima Zhao; the attempted coup is crushed and the emperor killed. * 455 – Sack of Rome: ...
** Nikki Cox, American actress ** Justin Long, American actor **June 4 – Simone Maludrottu, Italian boxer *June 4 - Scott Cawthon, video game developer, creator of the Five Nights at Freddy's franchise *June 5 – Nick Kroll, American actor and comedian * June 6 ** Konstantīns Konstantinovs, Latvian powerlifter (d. 2018) ** Mariana Popova, Bulgarian singer ** Judith Barsi, American child actress (d. 1988) * June 7 ** Mini Andén, Swedish model ** Bill Hader, American actor and comedian * June 8 ** Maria Menounos, American actress, journalist, and television presenter ** Eun Ji-won, South Korean rapper and singer * June 9 ** Michaela Conlin, American actress ** Miroslav Klose, German footballer ** Matt Bellamy, British musician and singer *
June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. * 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederic ...
** Han Hee-won, South Korean golfer ** Subhash Khot, Indian-American mathematician and computer scientist ** DJ Qualls, American actor, producer, and model ** Shane West, American actor * June 11 – Joshua Jackson, Canadian actor * June 13 ** Faizal Yusof, Malaysian actor (d. 2011) ** Vishwananda, Hindu guru * June 14 – Nikola Vujčić, Croatian basketball player and general manager (basketball), team manager of Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C., Maccabi Tel Aviv *
June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of So ...
– Wilfred Bouma, Dutch footballer * June 16 – Daniel Brühl, German actor * June 18 – Tara Platt, American actress and author * June 19 ** Mía Maestro, Argentine actress ** Dirk Nowitzki, German basketball player ** Zoe Saldaña, American actress * June 20 – Frank Lampard, English footballer * June 21 ** Thomas Blondeau, Belgian writer (d. 2013) ** Ignacio Corleto, Argentine rugby union player ** Erica Durance, Canadian actress ** Jean-Pascal Lacoste, French singer, actor and television host * June 22 ** Diederik Boomsma, Dutch politician ** Tim Driesen, Belgian actor and ** Dan Wheldon, English racing driver (d. 2011) * June 23 ** Gladys Reyes, Filipino actress ** Frédéric Leclercq, French musician * June 24 ** Emppu Vuorinen, Finnish musician ** Juan Román Riquelme, Argentine footballer ** Shunsuke Nakamura, Japanese footballer * June 25 ** Aramis Ramírez, Dominican baseball player ** Aftab Shivdasani, Indian actor * June 26 ** Daniel Constantin (politician), Daniel Constantin, Romanian politician ** Cristian Lucchetti, Argentine footballer * June 28 – Ha Ji-won, South Korean actress and singer * June 29 ** Luke Kirby, Canadian actor ** Nicole Scherzinger, American singer ** Steve Savidan, French footballer


July

* July 1 ** Aleki Lutui, Tongan rugby player ** Liu Kwok Man, Chinese footballer ** Mark Hunter (rower), Mark Hunter, British rower * July 2 ** Ganesh (actor), Ganesh, Indian actor and television presenter ** Diana Gurtskaya, Georgian singer ** Jüri Ratas, Estonian politician and 18th Prime Minister of Estonia * July 3 ** Ian Anthony Dale, American actor ** Jesse Leach, American vocalist ** Mizuki Noguchi, Japanese long-distance runner * July 4 – Becki Newton, American actress * July 5 ** Andreas Baum, German politician ** Nandamuri Kalyan Ram, Indian actor and film producer * July 6 ** Danil Khalimov, Kazakh Greco-Roman wrestler ** Tia Mowry, Tia and Tamera Mowry, African-American actresses * July 7 ** Chris Andersen, American basketball player ** DJ Manian, German music producer and DJ * July 8 – Erin Morgenstern, American artist and author * July 9 ** Mark Medlock, German singer ** Linda Park, Korean-born actress ** Gulnara Samitova-Galkina, Russian middle-distance runner * July 10 ** Ray Kay, Norwegian director and photographer ** Jesse Lacey, American singer-songwriter * July 11 ** Kim Kang-woo, South Korean actor ** Mattias Gustafsson, Swedish handball player * July 12 ** Topher Grace, American actor ** Michelle Rodriguez, American actress * July 13 – Gary David, Filipino professional basketball player * July 14 – Roger Clark (actor, born 1978), Roger Clark, American actor * July 15 ** Matt Mitrione, American mixed martial artist ** Greg Sestero, French-American actor and model * July 16 – Ahmede Hussain, Bangladeshi writer * July 17 ** Panda Bear (musician), Panda Bear, American musician ** Justine Triet, French film director and screenwriter * July 18 ** Shane Horgan, Irish rugby player ** Virginia Raggi, Italian lawyer, politician ** Joo Sang-wook, South Korean actor ** Vladimir Tintor (actor), Vladimir Tintor, Serbian film actor * July 20 ** Pavel Datsyuk, Russian ice hockey player ** Tamsyn Manou, Australian athlete * July 21 ** Josh Hartnett, American actor ** Kyoko Iwasaki, Japanese swimmer * July 22 ** A. J. Cook, Canadian actress ** Kyōko Hasegawa, Japanese model and actress ** Dennis Rommedahl, Danish footballer * July 23 – Stefanie Sun, Singapore singer * July 25 ** Louise Brown, British citizen, first human born through in vitro fertilisation ** Gerard Warren, American football player * July 26 ** Jehad Muntasser, Libyan footballer ** Eve Myles, Welsh actress * July 28 ** Mine Tugay, Turkish actress ** Hitomi Yaida, Japanese singer * July 29 – Ayşe Hatun Önal, Turkish singer, actress, model and beauty pageant * July 31 – Nick Sorensen, American football player and sportscaster * July – Caucher Birkar, born Fereydoun Derakhshani, Kurdish-born mathematician


August

* August 3 – Mariusz Jop, Polish football player and coach * August 4 – Kurt Busch, American race car driver * August 5 ** Carolina Duer, Argentine boxer ** Harel Levy, Israeli tennis player * August 6 ** Marisa Miller, American supermodel ** Peng Cheng-min, Taiwanese baseball player * August 7 ** Alexandre Aja, French director ** Vanness Wu, Taiwanese singer * August 8 ** Natsuko Kuwatani, Japanese voice actress ** Louis Saha, French footballer * August 10 – Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, Indonesian politician and former military officer * August 15 ** Jennie Eisenhower, American actress ** Kerri Walsh Jennings, American beach volleyball player * August 17 ** Vibeke Stene, Norwegian rock singer ** Jelena Karleuša, Serbian pop singer * August 18 – Andy Samberg, American actor and comedian * August 20 – Noah Bean, American actor * August 21 ** Reuben Droughns, American football player ** Alan Lee (footballer), Alan Lee, Irish footballer * August 22 ** Vitaliy Balytskyi, Ukrainian football player and manager (d. 2018) ** James Corden, British comedian and television personality * August 23 – Kobe Bryant, American basketball player (d. 2020) * August 25 – Kel Mitchell, American actor, stand-up comedian, musician, singer, and rapper * August 26 – Amanda Schull, American actress * August 27 – Suranne Jones, English actress * August 28 ** Pablo Echenique, Argentine born-Spanish politician ** Kelly Overton (actress), Kelly Overton, American actress ** Sam Wills, New Zealand comic * August 29 – Danielle Hampton, Canadian actress * August 31 ** Ido Pariente, Israeli mixed martial artist ** Jennifer Ramírez Rivero, Venezuelan model and businesswoman (d. 2018)


September

* September 1 – Manju Warrier, Indian actress * September 2 – Tatiana Okupnik, Polish singer and composer * September 3 – Tinkara Kovač, Slovenian singer and musician * September 4 ** Wes Bentley, American actor ** Frederik Veuchelen, Belgian cyclist * September 5 – Chris Hipkins, New Zealand Prime Minister * September 6 ** Mathew Horne, English actor ** Homare Sawa, Japanese footballer ** Peter van Huffel, Canadian jazz musician * September 7 – Devon Sawa, Canadian actor * September 9 – Gina Gogean, Romania artistic gymnast * September 11 ** Ed Reed, American football player ** Ben Lee, Australian singer ** Else-Marthe Sørlie Lybekk, Norwegian handball player ** Dejan Stanković, Serbian football player and coach * September 12 ** Ruben Studdard, American singer ** Ben McKenzie, American actor * September 13 – Megan Henning, American actress * September 14 ** Ben Cohen (rugby union), Ben Cohen, English rugby union player ** Ron DeSantis, American politician, 46th Governor of Florida ** Carmen Kass, Estonian supermodel * September 15 – Eiður Guðjohnsen, Icelandic football player * September 16 – Stephanie Murphy, American politician * September 18 – Billy Eichner, American actor and comedian * September 19 – Mariano Puerta, Argentine tennis player * September 20 ** Jason Bay, Canadian baseball player ** Patrizio Buanne, Italian singer ** Sarit Hadad, Israeli pop singer * September 21 ** Doug Howlett, New Zealand rugby union player ** Josh Thomson, American mixed martial artist * September 22 – Harry Kewell, Australian footballer * September 23 ** Anthony Mackie, American actor ** Worm Miller, American screenwriter, director and actor ** Keri Lynn Pratt, American actress * September 24 – Wietse van Alten, Dutch archer * September 25 ** Jodie Kidd, English model ** Rossif Sutherland, Canadian actor * September 27 – Ani Lorak, Ukrainian singer * September 28 **Dane Boedigheimer, American Internet personality **Pastora Soler, Spanish singer * September 29 – Kurt Nilsen, Norwegian singer * September 30 – Candice Michelle, American professional wrestler and model **Daniel Grossberg, American politician


October

* October 1 – Katie Aselton, American actress * October 2 – Ayumi Hamasaki, Japanese singer * October 3 ** Jake Shears, American singer and songwriter ** Claudio Pizarro, Peruvian footballer ** Gerald Asamoah, German footballer ** Christian Coulson, English actor ** Shannyn Sossamon, American actress * October 4 ** Dana Davis, American actress ** Mark Day (actor), Mark Day, Canadian actor ** Phillip Glasser, American actor and producer ** Kei Horie, Japanese actor * October 5 ** Shane Ryan (Dublin Gaelic footballer), Shane Ryan, Irish Gaelic footballer ** James Valentine (musician), James Valentine, American musician * October 9 – Nicky Byrne, Irish musician (Westlife) * October 10 ** Caroline Evers-Swindell, New Zealand sailor ** Georgina Evers-Swindell, New Zealand sailor * October 14 ** Paul Hunter, English snooker player (d. 2006) ** Usher (musician), Usher, American singer and actor * October 15 – Boško Balaban, Croatian footballer * October 17 ** Isabel Díaz Ayuso, Spanish politician ** Pablo Iglesias Turrión, Spanish politician * October 20 ** Tomohiko Itō (director), Tomohiko Ito, Japanese anime director ** Michael Johns (singer), Michael Johns, Australian singer (d. 2014) ** Kira (German singer), Kira, German singer ** Dionne Quan, American voice actress ** Virender Sehwag, Indian cricketer * October 21 – Joey Harrington, American football player * October 24 – Carlos Edwards, Trinidadian footballer * October 25 ** Russell Anderson, Scottish footballer ** Zachary Knighton, American actor ** David T. Little, American composer and drummer * October 26 – CM Punk, American professional wrestler * October 27 ** David Walton (actor), David Walton, American actor ** Vanessa-Mae, Singaporean violinist * October 28 ** Byron Donalds, American politician ** Marta Etura, Spanish actress ** Justin Guarini, American singer * October 29 – Travis Henry, American football player * October 30 – Matthew Morrison, American actor and singer


November

* November 1 ** Jessica Valenti, American blogger and writer ** Mary Kate Schellhardt, American actress * November 4 – Shaun Berrigan, Australian rugby league player * November 5 ** Bubba Watson, American golfer ** Xavier Tondo, Spanish cyclist (d. 2011) * November 6 ** Nicole Dubuc, American actress and writer ** Taryn Manning, American actress ** Sandrine Blancke, Belgian actress * November 7 ** Mohamed Aboutrika, Egyptian footballer ** Zaheer Khan, Indian cricketer ** Mark Read (singer), Mark Read, English singer (A1 (band), A1) * November 8 ** Moses Michael Levi Barrow (born Jamal Michael Barrow), better known by his stage name Shyne, Belizean rapper and politician ** Ali Karimi, Iranian football player * November 9 – Sisqó, American actor and singer * November 10 ** Nadine Angerer, German footballer ** Kyla Cole, Czech model ** Diplo, American DJ and music producer ** Eve (rapper), Eve, African-American rapper * Destra Garcia, female Trinidadian soca singer * November 12 – Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy, Pakistani journalist, activist and filmmaker * November 13 – Hsu Wei Lun, Taiwanese actress (d. 2007) * November 14 ** Bobby Allen (ice hockey), Bobby Allen, American ice hockey player ** Xavier Nady, American baseball player * November 16 – Santiago Peña, President of Paraguay * November 17 ** Rachel McAdams, Canadian actress ** Reggie Wayne, American football player * November 18 ** Damien Johnson, Northern Irish footballer ** Aldo Montano (fencer born 1978), Aldo Montano, Italian fencer ** Ebru Özkan, Turkish actress * November 19 – Mahé Drysdale, New Zealand rower * November 22 – Karen O, American singer-songwriter and musician * November 23 – Destin Daniel Cretton, American film director * November 24 – Katherine Heigl, American actress * November 25 – Shiina Ringo, Japanese singer and musician * November 26 – Jun Fukuyama, Japanese voice actor * November 27 ** Mike Skinner (musician), Mike Skinner, English musician ** Radek Štěpánek, Czech tennis player * November 30 ** Clay Aiken, American singer-songwriter and author ** Gael García Bernal, Mexican actor ** Robert Kirkman, American comic book writer


December

* December 1 ** Stefan Kapičić, Serbian actor ** Jen Psaki, American television political analyst and former government official * December 2 ** Nelly Furtado, Portuguese-Canadian singer and songwriter ** Alo Kõrve, Estonian actor * December 4 – Lars Bystøl, Norwegian ski jumper * December 5 ** Neil Druckmann, Israeli-American video game writer and programmer, founder of Naughty Dog ** Olli Jokinen, Finnish ice hockey player * December 7 – Shiri Appleby, American actress * December 8 – Ian Somerhalder, American actor ** Zainal Arifin Mochtar, Indonesian lecturer, writer, and constitutional law expert * December 9 – Gastón Gaudio, Argentine tennis player * December 10 – Summer Phoenix, American actress * December 11 – Courtney Henggeler, American former actress * December 12 – Monica Bîrlădeanu, Romanian actress * December 14 – Patty Schnyder, Swiss tennis player * December 16 – Veronica Schneider, Venezuelan actress and model * December 17 ** Riteish Deshmukh, Indian actor, architect, producer and entrepreneur ** Manny Pacquiao, Filipino boxer and politician * December 18 ** Daniel Cleary, Canadian ice hockey player ** Josh Dallas, American actor ** Katie Holmes, American actress * December 19 – Patrick Casey (writer), Patrick Casey, American screenwriter and actor * December 20 ** Geremi, Cameroon footballer ** Jacqueline Saburido, Venezuelan-American social activist (d. 2019) * December 21 – Shaun Morgan, South African musician and singer-songwriter * December 22 ** Edo Maajka, Bosnian rapper ** Emmanuel Olisadebe, Polish-Nigerian footballer ** Joanne Kelly, Canadian actress * December 23 ** Víctor Martínez (baseball), Víctor Martínez, Venezuelan baseball player ** Estella Warren, Canadian swimmer, model, and actress * December 24 – Yıldıray Baştürk, Turkish footballer * December 25 ** Paula Seling, Romanian singer and radio DJ ** Jeremy Strong (actor), Jeremy Strong, American actor ** Miyuki Takahashi (volleyball), Miyuki Takahashi, Japanese volleyball player * December 26 – Kaoru Sugayama, Japanese volleyball player * December 28 ** Feng Kun, Chinese volleyball player ** John Legend, African-American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor * December 29 ** Alexis Amore, Peruvian actress, dancer, and model ** Angelo Taylor, American athlete * December 30 ** Tyrese Gibson, African-American singer, songwriter, rapper, actor, model, and screenwriter ** Zbigniew Robert Promiński, Inferno, Polish musician * December 31 – Yulia Barsukova, Russian rhythmic gymnast


Deaths


January

* January 2 – Cyril King, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (b. 1921) *
January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...
– Burt Munro, New Zealand motorcycle racer (b. 1899) *
January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...
Hubert Humphrey Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American politician who served from 1965 to 1969 as the 38th vice president of the United States. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Minnesota from 19 ...
, 38th Vice President of the United States (b. 1911) * January 14 ** Harold Abrahams, British athlete (b. 1899) ** Kurt Gödel, Austrian-American logician, mathematician, and philosopher (b. 1906) *
January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...
– Herbert Sutcliffe, English cricketer (b. 1894) * January 23 ** Terry Kath, American rock musician (Chicago (band), Chicago) (b. 1946) ** Jack Oakie, American actor (b. 1903) * January 26 – Leo Genn, English actor and barrister (b. 1905) * January 27 – Oscar Homolka, Austrian actor (b. 1898) * January 29 – Tim McCoy, American actor (b. 1891) * January 30 – Marie-Louise Damien, French actress (b. 1889)


February

*
February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...
– Warren King (cartoonist), Warren King, American cartoonist (b. 1916) * February 10 – Redento Maria Gauci, Maltese Carmelite bishop (b. 1920) *
February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...
– James B. Conant, American chemist (b. 1893) *
February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...
– Ilka Chase, American actress (b. 1905) * February 17 – Artemiy Artsikhovsky, Soviet archaeologist and historian (b. 1902) * February 18 – Maggie McNamara, American actress (b. 1928) *
February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...
– Pankaj Mullick, Indian composer and singer (b. 1905) * February 20 – Vitorino Nemesio, Portuguese poet and author (b. 1901) * February 24 – Alma Thomas, African-American painter (b. 1891) * February 28 – Philip Ahn, Korean-born American actor (b. 1905)


March

*
March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...
– Paul Scott (novelist), Paul Scott, English writer (b. 1920) *
March 11 Events Pre-1600 * 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the veneration of icons in the Orthodox churches in the Byzantine Empire. * 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice becomes the last Bishop of Prague (3 March 13 ...
Claude François Claude Antoine Marie François (; 1 February 1939 – 11 March 1978), also known by the nickname Cloclo, was a French pop singer, composer, songwriter, record producer, drummer and dancer. François co-wrote the lyrics of " Comme d'habitude" ( ...
, French entertainer (b. 1939) * March 13 – John Cazale, American actor (b. 1935) *
March 17 Events Pre-1600 * 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda. * 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ...
** Eddie Aikau, American lifeguard and surfer (b. 1946) ** Giacomo Violardo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1898) *
March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ar ...
– Peggy Wood, American actress (b. 1892) * March 19 – Gaston Julia, French mathematician (b. 1893) * March 21 – Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, Irish barrister, judge and 5th President of Ireland (b. 1911) *
March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthel ...
– Isidro Ayora, 22nd President of Ecuador (b. 1879) * March 24 – André Lallemand, French astronomer (b. 1904) * March 31 ** Astrid Allwyn, American actress (b. 1905) ** Charles Best (medical scientist), Charles Best, Canadian medical scientist (b. 1899)


April

* April 8 – Lon L. Fuller, American legal philosopher (b. 1902) *
April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, ...
– Vivian McGrath, Australian tennis player (b. 1916) * April 13 – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian suffragist and women's rights activist (b. 1900) * April 16 ** Lucius D. Clay, American military governor of Germany after
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
(b. 1897) ** Philibert Tsiranana, Malagasy leader and politician, 1st President of Madagascar (b. 1912) * April 21 – Sandy Denny, British singer-songwriter (b. 1947) *
April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil ( discovery of Brazil). * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. * 1529 – Treaty of Zara ...
– Will Geer, American actor (b. 1902) *
April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the '' ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes ...
– John Doeg, American tennis player (b. 1908)


May

* May 1 – Aram Khachaturian, Soviet-Armenian composer and conductor (b. 1903) * May 6 – Ethelda Bleibtrey, American Olympic swimmer (b. 1902) *
May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...
– Duncan Grant, Scottish painter (b. 1885) *
May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. * 1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. * 1386 – England and Portugal formall ...
Aldo Moro Aldo Moro (; 23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and prominent member of Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy (DC) and its centre-left wing. He served as prime minister of Italy in five terms from December 1963 ...
, Italian Christian Democratic politician and statesman, 38th Prime Minister of Italy (assassinated) (b. 1916) * May 13 – Alby Roberts, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1909) *
May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurpe ...
– Robert Menzies, Sir Robert Menzies, 12th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1894) * May 16 – William Steinberg, German-American conductor (b. 1899) *
May 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1395 – Battle of Rovine: The Wallachians defeat an invading Ottoman army. * 1521 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason. * 1527 – Pánfilo de Narváez departs Spain to explo ...
– Armin T. Wegner, German human rights activist (b. 1886) *
May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 47 ...
– Selwyn Lloyd, Baron Selwyn-Lloyd, English politician (b. 1904) *
May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose h ...
** Ernest Cadine, French weightlifter, Olympic champion (1920 Summer Olympics, 1920) (b. 1893) ** P. S. Subrahmanya Sastri, Indian Sanskrit scholar (b. 1890) *
May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. ...
** Joseph Colombo, American gangster (b. 1923) ** Aubrey Fitch, American admiral (b. 1883) *
May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire ta ...
**Tamara Karsavina, Soviet ballerina (b. 1885) ** Jorge Icaza Coronel, Ecuadorean novelist (b. 1906) * May 31 ** József Bozsik, Hungarian footballer (b. 1925) ** José Gonzalvo, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1920)


June

*
June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 260 – Sima Zhao's regicide of Cao Mao: The figurehead Wei emperor Cao Mao personally leads an attempt to oust his regent, Sima Zhao; the attempted coup is crushed and the emperor killed. * 455 – Sack of Rome: ...
– Santiago Bernabéu (footballer), Santiago Bernabéu, Spanish footballer, player and president of Real Madrid C.F. (b. 1895) * June 4 – Jorge de Sena, Portuguese novelist and poet (b. 1919) * June 7 – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, British chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897) * June 9 – Prince Nicholas of Romania (b. 1903) * June 12 – Guo Moruo, Chinese archaeologist, historian, poet, politician, and writer (b. 1892) * June 17 – Robert B. Williams (actor), Robert B. Williams, American actor (b. 1904) * June 20 – Mark Robson (film director), Mark Robson, Canadian film director (b. 1913) * June 21 – Luther Youngdahl, Luther W. Youngdahl, American politician, Governor of Minnesota from 1947 to 1951, and a United States district judge from 1951 to 1978 (b. 1896) * June 22 – Tom Gorman (rugby league), Tom Gorman, Australian rugby league footballer (b. 1901) * June 24 – Ahmad al-Ghashmi, 4th President of the Yemen Arab Republic (b. 1935) * June 27 – Josette Day, French actress (b. 1914) * June 28 – Clifford Dupont, 1st President of Rhodesia (b. 1905) * June 29 – Bob Crane, American actor, drummer, radio host, and disc jockey (b. 1928)


July

* July 1 – Kurt Student, Luftwaffe general and commander of the German airborne forces during World War II. (b. 1890) * July 3 – James Daly (actor), James Daly, American actor (b. 1918) * July 6 – Pietro Montana, Italian-born American sculptor, painter and teacher (b. 1890) * July 7 – Francisco Mendes, Guinea-Bissau politician, 1st Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1939) * July 10 ** Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, 31st Prime Minister of Iraq (b. 1934) ** Joe Davis, English snooker and billiards player (b. 1901) * July 14 – Gaston Ragueneau, French athlete (b. 1881) * July 16 – Howard Estabrook, American actor (b. 1884) * July 17 – Thayer David, American actor (b. 1927) * July 21 – Susana Calandrelli, Argentine writer (b. 1901) * July 27 – Willem van Otterloo, Dutch conductor, cellist and composer (b. 1907) * July 30 – Umberto Nobile, Italian aviator and explorer (b. 1885) * July 31 – Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia (b. 1902)


August

* August 2 – Carlos Chávez, Mexican composer (b. 1899) * August 6 ** Pope Paul VI (b. 1897) ** Edward Durell Stone, American architect (b. 1902) * August 9 – James Gould Cozzens, American writer (b. 1903) * August 19 – Emilio Núñez Portuondo, Cuban diplomat and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Cuba (b. 1898) * August 22 ** Jomo Kenyatta, Kenyan activist, politician and statesman, 1st Prime Minister of Kenya and 1st President of Kenya (b. c.1897) ** Ignazio Silone, Italian writer and politician (b. 1900) * August 24 – Louis Prima, Italian-born American singer and actor (b. 1910) * August 25 – George E. Jonas, American philanthropist (b. 1897) * August 26 ** Charles Boyer, French actor (b. 1899) ** José Manuel Moreno, Argentine football player (b. 1916) * August 28 ** Kofi Abrefa Busia, Ghanese nationalist leader, 2nd Prime Minister of Ghana (b. 1913) ** Bruce Catton, American Civil War historian, Pulitzer Prize winner (b. 1899) ** Robert Shaw (actor), Robert Shaw, British actor (b. 1927) * August 30 – Geertruida Wijsmuller-Meijer, Dutch war hero, resistance fighter and humanitarian (b. 1896)


September

* September 3 – Karin Molander, Swedish actress (b. 1889) * September 4 – Leonora Cohen, British suffragette and trade unionist (b. 1873) * September 6 – Adolf Dassler, German founder of Adidas (b. 1900) * September 7 – Keith Moon, English rock drummer (The Who) (b. 1946) * September 8 – Ricardo Zamora, Spanish footballer (b. 1901) * September 9 ** Hugh MacDiarmid, Scottish poet (b. 1892) ** Jack L. Warner, Canadian-American film producer (b. 1892) * September 11 ** Valerian Gracias, Indian Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal (b. 1900) ** Georgi Markov, Bulgarian playwright and writer (b. 1929) ** Ronnie Peterson, Swedish Formula One driver (b. 1944) ** Curtis Shake, American jurist (b. 1887) * September 12 – Frank Ferguson, American actor (b. 1899) * September 15 – Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer and manufacturer (b. 1898) * September 21 – Peter Vogel (actor), Peter Vogel, German film actor (b. 1937) * September 24 ** Lyman Bostock, American baseball player (b. 1950) ** Hasso von Manteuffel, German army general (b. 1897) * September 26 – Manne Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886) * September 27 ** Sergei Aslamazyan, Soviet composer (b. 1897) ** Dumitru Dămăceanu, Romanian general and politician (b. 1896) * September 28 – Pope John Paul I (b. 1912) * September 30 – Edgar Bergen, American actor and ventriloquist (b. 1903)


October

* October 1 – Alfredo Obviar, Filipino Roman Catholic bishop and Servant of God (b. 1889) * October 4 – Roy L. Dennis, American teenager who had craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (b. 1961) * October 8 – **Karl Swenson, American actor (b. 1908) **Jim Gilliam, American baseball player (b. 1928) * October 9 – Jacques Brel, Belgian singer (b. 1929) * October 10 ** Ralph Metcalfe, American Olympic athlete (b. 1910) ** Hermes Lima, prime minister and foreign minister of Brazil (b. 1902) * October 11 – Ruthven Todd, Scottish poet, artist, and novelist (b. 1914) * October 12 – Nancy Spungen, American groupie and girlfriend of Sid Vicious (b. 1958) * October 15 – W. Eugene Smith, American photojournalist (b. 1918) * October 16 – Dan Dailey, American actor (b. 1915) * October 17 – Giovanni Gronchi, 3rd president of Italy (b. 1887) * October 19 – Gig Young, American actor (b. 1913) * October 21 – Anastas Mikoyan, Russian revolutionary and Soviet statesman (b. 1895) * October 28 – Geoffrey Unsworth, British cinematographer (b. 1914)


November

* November 4 – Arshad al-Umari, 15th Prime Minister of Iraq (b. 1888) * November 8 – Norman Rockwell, American artist (b. 1894) * November 10 – Theo Lingen, German actor (b. 1903) * November 15 – Margaret Mead, American anthropologist (b. 1901) * November 18 ** Leo Ryan, American politician (b. 1925) ** Jim Jones, American cult leader (b. 1931) * November 20 – Giorgio de Chirico, Italian painter (b. 1888) * November 24 – Warren Weaver, American scientist and mathematician (b. 1894) * November 27 – George Moscone, American politician and then-mayor of
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
(b. 1929) * November 27 – Harvey Milk, American politician and activist (b. 1930)


December

* December 3 – William Grant Still, American composer (b. 1895) * December 4 - Goodie Reeve, British born Australian radio host and musician (b. 1897) * December 7 – Alexander Wetmore, American ornithologist and avian palaeontologist (b. 1886) * December 8 – Golda Meir, Israeli teacher, politician and stateswoman, 4th Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1898) * December 10 ** Emilio Portes Gil, Acting president of Mexico, (1928–1930) (b. 1890) ** Ed Wood, American filmmaker, actor and author (b. 1924) * December 11 – Vincent du Vigneaud, American biochemist (b. 1901) * December 12 – Fay Compton, English actress (b. 1894) * December 14 – Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish diplomat, writer, historian, and pacifist (b. 1886) * December 15 – Chill Wills, American actor (b. 1902) * December 16 – Blanche Calloway, American jazz singer (b. 1902) * December 17 ** Don Ellis, American jazz trumpeter, drummer, composer, and bandleader (b. 1934) ** Josef Frings, German cardinal, Archbishop of Cologne (b. 1887) * December 27 ** Houari Boumédiènne, 2nd President of Algeria (b. 1932) ** Chris Bell (American musician), Chris Bell, American musician (b. 1951) * December 31 – Nicolau dos Reis Lobato, East Timorese politician, acting President of East Timor (b. 1946)


Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Peter D. Mitchell * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Isaac Bashevis Singer * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin * Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Economics – Herbert A. Simon


References

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