It was the first year of the

Cold War The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...

, which would last until

1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...

, ending with the

dissolution of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration No. 142-N of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. Declaration No. 142-Н of ...

Events

January

January January is the first month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the No ...

–

February February is the second month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years and 29 in leap years, with the February 29, 29th day being called the ''leap day''. February is the third a ...

–

Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom The winter of 1946–1947 was harsh in Europe, and noted for its adverse effects in the United Kingdom. It caused severe hardships in economic terms and living conditions in a country still recovering from the Second World War. There were massi ...

: The worst snowfall in the country in the 20th century causes extensive disruption of travel. Given the low ratio of private vehicle ownership at the time, it is mainly remembered in terms of its effects on the railway network. *

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

– The '' Canadian Citizenship Act'' comes into effect, providing a Canadian citizenship separate from British law. *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading (871), Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred the Great, Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasi ...

– First issue of weekly

magazine A magazine is a periodical literature, periodical publication, print or digital, produced on a regular schedule, that contains any of a variety of subject-oriented textual and visual content (media), content forms. Magazines are generally fin ...

Der Spiegel (, , stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg. With a weekly circulation of about 724,000 copies in 2022, it is one of the largest such publications in Europe. It was founded in 1947 by John Seymour Chaloner ...

'' published in

Hanover Hanover ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the States of Germany, German state of Lower Saxony. Its population of 535,932 (2021) makes it the List of cities in Germany by population, 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-l ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

, edited by

Rudolf Augstein Rudolf Karl Augstein (5 November 1923 – 7 November 2002) was a German journalist, editor, publicist, and politician. He was one of the most influential German journalists, founder and part-owner of magazine. As a politician, he was a member o ...

. *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...

– The

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

adopts a resolution to take control of the free city of

Trieste Trieste ( , ; ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the Province of Trieste, ...

. *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Roman emperor, Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. *1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to set ...

– Elizabeth Short, an aspiring actress nicknamed the "

Black Dahlia Elizabeth Short (July 29, 1924 – , 1947), posthumously known as the Black Dahlia, was an American woman found murdered in the Leimert Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, on January 15, 1947. Her case became highly publicized owin ...

", is found brutally murdered in a vacant lot in Los Angeles; the mysterious case is never solved. *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...

–

Vincent Auriol Vincent Jules Auriol (; 27 August 1884 – 1 January 1966) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1947 to 1954. Early life and politics Auriol was born in Revel, Haute-Garonne, as the only child of Jacques Antoine Aurio ...

is inaugurated as president of France. *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...

– Ferry sinks in the

South Euboean Gulf The South Euboean Gulf (, ''Notios Evvoïkos Kolpos'') is a gulf in Central Greece, between the island of Euboea and the Greek mainland (Boeotia and Attica Attica (, ''Attikḗ'' (Ancient Greek) or , or ), or the Attic Peninsula, is a h ...

of Greece killing 392. *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...

– In the third phase of the

Greek Civil War The Greek Civil War () took place from 1946 to 1949. The conflict, which erupted shortly after the end of World War II, consisted of a Communism, Communist-led uprising against the established government of the Kingdom of Greece. The rebels decl ...

Dimitrios Maximos Dimitrios E. Maximos (; 6 July 1873 – 17 October 1955) was a Greek banker and politician. He briefly served as Prime Minister of Greece after World War II. Life Maximos was born on 6 July 1873 in Patras. He began his career in banking in ...

forms a monarchist government in Athens and begins a brief term as prime minister. *

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...

– A

KLM KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, or simply KLM (an abbreviation for their official name Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V. , ),

Douglas DC-3 aircraft crashes soon after taking off from Kastrup Airport, Copenhagen, killing all 22 people on board, including Prince Gustaf Adolf, second in line to the Swedish throne, and American opera singer

Grace Moore Mary Willie Grace Moore (December 5, 1898January 26, 1947) was an American operatic lyric soprano and actress in musical theatre and film.Obituary ''Variety Obituaries, Variety'', January 29, 1947, page 48. She was nicknamed the "Tennessee N ...

February

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

** The lowest air temperature in North America (−63 degrees Celsius) is recorded in Snag, in the

Yukon Territory Yukon () is a territory of Canada, bordering British Columbia to the south, the Northwest Territories to the east, the Beaufort Sea to the north, and the U.S. state of Alaska to the west. It is Canada’s westernmost territory and the smallest ...

. **

P.L. Prattis Percival Leroy (P.L.) Prattis (April 27, 1895 – February 29, 1980) was an American journalist. He was the city editor of the ''Chicago Defender'', the most influential African-American weekly newspaper in the U.S. at the beginning of World War I. ...

becomes the first

African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...

news correspondent allowed in the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...

and

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

press galleries. *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...

Bolesław Bierut Bolesław Bierut (; 18 April 1892 – 12 March 1956) was a Polish communist activist and politician, leader of History of Poland (1945–1989), communist-ruled Poland from 1947 until 1956. He was President of the State National Council from 1944 ...

becomes the

President of Poland The president of Poland ( ), officially the president of the Republic of Poland (), is the head of state of Poland. His or her prerogatives and duties are determined in the Constitution of Poland. The president jointly exercises the executive ...

. ** The Government of the United Kingdom announces the £25 million

Tanganyika groundnut scheme The Tanganyika groundnut scheme, or East Africa groundnut scheme, was a failed attempt by the British government to cultivate tracts of its African trust territory Tanganyika (now part of Tanzania) with peanuts. Launched in the aftermath of W ...

, for cultivation of

peanut The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), goober pea, pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics by small and large ...

s in the

Tanganyika Territory Tanganyika was a colonial territory in East Africa which was administered by the United Kingdom in various forms from 1916 until 1961. It was initially administered under military occupation. From 20 July 1922, it was formalised into a League o ...

. *

February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 & ...

– The South Pacific Commission (SPC) is founded. *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...

– The Karlslust dance hall fire in Berlin, Germany, kills over 80 people. *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – The Siege of Baghdad ends with the surrender of the last Abbasid caliph to Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bru ...

– In Paris, France, peace treaties are signed between the World War II Allies and Italy, Hungary,

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

and Finland. Italy cedes most of

Istria Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; ; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian: ; ; ) is the largest peninsula within the Adriatic Sea. Located at th ...

to the

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), known from 1945 to 1963 as the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country ...

(later

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

). *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...

** A

meteorite A meteorite is a rock (geology), rock that originated in outer space and has fallen to the surface of a planet or Natural satellite, moon. When the original object enters the atmosphere, various factors such as friction, pressure, and chemical ...

creates an

impact crater An impact crater is a depression (geology), depression in the surface of a solid astronomical body formed by the hypervelocity impact event, impact of a smaller object. In contrast to volcanic craters, which result from explosion or internal c ...

Sikhote-Alin The Sikhote-Alin (, , , ) is a mountain range in Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krais, Russia, extending about to the northeast of the Russian Pacific seaport of Vladivostok. The highest summits are Tordoki Yani at above sea level, Ko Mountain () ...

, in the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. ** In

Burma Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and ha ...

, the

Panglong Agreement The Panglong Agreement ( ) was reached in Panglong, Southern Shan State, between the Burmese government under Aung San and the Shan Committee, Kachin Committee, and Chin Committee peoples on 12 February 1947. The anniversary of this agreeme ...

is reached between the

Burmese government Myanmar (Names of Myanmar, formerly Burma) () operates ''de jure'' as a unitary state, unitary assembly-independent republic under its 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, 2008 constitution. On 1 February 2021, Tatmadaw, Myanmar's military took ove ...

under its leader, General

Aung San Aung San (, ; 13 February 191519 July 1947), known honorifically as '' Bogyoke'' Aung San, was a Burmese politician, independence activist and revolutionary. He was instrumental in Myanmar's struggle for independence from British rule, but he w ...

, and the Shan, Kachin, and

Chin The chin is the forward pointed part of the anterior mandible (List_of_human_anatomical_regions#Regions, mental region) below the lower lip. A fully developed human skull has a chin of between 0.7 cm and 1.1 cm. Evolution The presence of a we ...

ethnic peoples at the Panglong Conference. U Aung Zan Wai, Pe Khin, Major Aung, Sir Maung Gyi, Sein Mya Maung and

Myoma U Than Kywe Myoma Than Kywe (, ; 26 December 1924 – 22 September 1983) was a Burmese politician. He was one of the negotiators of the historical Panglong Conference. The signing of Panglong Agreement is now celebrated as a national holiday, Union Da ...

are among the negotiators. *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons ...

–

: The

Voice of America Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international broadcasting network funded by the federal government of the United States that by law has editorial independence from the government. It is the largest and oldest of the American internation ...

begins to transmit radio broadcasts into Eastern Europe and the

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...

** An explosion at the O'Connor Electro-Plating Company in

Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...

leaves 17 dead, 100 buildings damaged, and a crater in the ground. ** The U.S. Army Ordnance Corps Hermes program V-2

rocket A rocket (from , and so named for its shape) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high speed. Rocket engines work entirely ...

''Blossom I'' is launched into space, carrying plant material and fruitflies, the first living things to enter space. *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...

– Edwin Land demonstrates the first "instant camera", his

Polaroid Land Camera The Land Camera is a model of self-developing film camera manufactured by Polaroid between 1948 and 1983. It is named after the inventor, American scientist Edwin Land, who developed a process for self-developing photography between 1943 and ...

, to a meeting of the

Optical Society of America Optica, founded as the Optical Society of America (later the Optical Society), is a professional society of individuals and companies with an interest in optics and photonics. It publishes journals, organizes conferences and exhibitions, and ca ...

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

. *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone o ...

– The

International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ; ; ) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. M ...

(ISO) is founded. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. * ...

** The German state of

Prussia Prussia (; ; Old Prussian: ''Prūsija'') was a Germans, German state centred on the North European Plain that originated from the 1525 secularization of the Prussia (region), Prussian part of the State of the Teutonic Order. For centuries, ...

is officially abolished, by the

Allied Control Council The Allied Control Council (ACC) or Allied Control Authority (), also referred to as the Four Powers (), was the governing body of the Allies of World War II, Allied Allied-occupied Germany, occupation zones in Germany (1945–1949/1991) and Al ...

. **

Hachikō Line derailment The was a major fatal railway accident which occurred on 25 February 1947 between and stations on the Hachikō Line in Japan. It is the worst railway accident to have occurred in Japan. A Japanese Government Railways (JGR) passenger train ha ...

: The worst-ever train accident in Japan kills 184 people. ** John C. Hennessy Jr. brings the first

Volkswagen Beetle The Volkswagen Beetle, officially the Volkswagen Type 1, is a small family car produced by the German company Volkswagen from 1938 to 2003. One of the most iconic cars in automotive history, the Beetle is noted for its distinctive shape. Its pr ...

to the United States. He purchased the 1946 automobile from the U.S. Army Post Exchange in Frankfurt, Germany, while serving in the U.S. Army. The Beetle is shipped from Bremerhaven, arriving in New York this day. *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...

– In

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

, civil disorder is put down, with large loss of civilian lives.

March

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

** The

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 191 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of las ...

begins to operate. ** German rocket scientist

Wernher von Braun Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun ( ; ; 23 March 191216 June 1977) was a German–American aerospace engineer and space architect. He was a member of the Nazi Party and '' Allgemeine SS'', the leading figure in the development of ...

marries his first cousin, 18-year-old Maria von Quirstorp. *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 * AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 581 – Yang Jian declares himself Emperor ...

– The Treaty of Dunkirk (effective September 8) is signed between the United Kingdom and France, providing for mutual assistance in the event of attack. *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of th ...

– The

begins: The

Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine is a Foreign policy of the United States, U.S. foreign policy that pledges American support for democratic nations against Authoritarianism, authoritarian threats. The doctrine originated with the primary goal of countering ...

is proclaimed, to help stem the spread of

Communism Communism () is a political sociology, sociopolitical, political philosophy, philosophical, and economic ideology, economic ideology within the history of socialism, socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a ...

. *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...

– The Thames flood and other widespread flooding occurs, as the exceptionally harsh British winter of 1946–1947 ends in a thaw. *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman R ...

– Hindus and Muslims clash in

Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...

. *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...

– The

19th Academy Awards The 19th Academy Awards were held on March 13, 1947, honoring the films of 1946. The top awards portion of the ceremony was hosted by Jack Benny. ''The Best Years of Our Lives'' won seven of its eight nominations, including Best Picture, Bes ...

Ceremony is held. The movie ''

The Best Years of Our Lives ''The Best Years of Our Lives'' (also known as ''Glory for Me'' and ''Home Again'') is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo and Harold Ru ...

'' wins the

Academy Award for Best Picture The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards (also known as Oscars) presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) since the awards debuted in 1929. This award goes to the producers of the film a ...

, along with several other Academy Awards. *

March 25 Until 1752 it was the official date of the beginning of the year in England and its dominions (in the Julian calendar). Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The Southern Yan capital of Guanggu falls to the Jin dynasty general Liu Yu, ending th ...

– A

coal mine Coal mining is the process of resource extraction, extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its Energy value of coal, energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to Electricity generation, generate electr ...

explosion in

Centralia, Illinois Centralia is a city in Clinton, Jefferson, Marion, and Washington counties in the U.S. state of Illinois with the largest portion in Marion County. The city is the largest in three counties, Clinton, Marion, and Washington, but it is not a ...

, United States; 111 miners are killed. *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Did ...

– A World War II Japanese

booby trap A booby trap is a device or setup that is intended to kill, harm or surprise a human or an animal. It is triggered by the presence or actions of the victim and sometimes has some form of bait designed to lure the victim towards it. The trap may b ...

explodes on

Corregidor Corregidor (, , ) is an island located at the entrance of Manila Bay in the southwestern part of Luzon in the Philippines, and is considered part of Cavite City and thus the province of Cavite. It is located west of Manila, the nation's capi ...

Island, killing 28 people. *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of Venice. * 1461 – Battle of Towton: Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England, bringing a ...

– A rebellion against French rule erupts in

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

. *

March 31 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman emperor Maximian. * 1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging ...

– The leaders of the Kurdish People's

Republic of Mahabad The Republic of Mahabad, also referred to as the Republic of Kurdistan (; ), was a short-lived Kurdish self-governing unrecognized state in present-day Iran, from 22 January to 15 December 1946. The Republic of Mahabad, a puppet state of the ...

, the second

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish language ** Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) **Central Kurdish (Sorani) **Southern Kurdish ** Laki Kurdish *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern ...

state in the history of

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

, are hanged at

Chuwarchira Square Chahar Cheragh or Chuar-chira Square (, , ) (meaning ''Square of the four candles''), is a public square in the centre of the city of Mahabad. It is now officially called Shahrdari Square (Municipality Square). At this place, the Russian-backed ...

Mahabad Mahabad () is a city in the Central District of Mahabad County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Etymology Mahabad first became the name of the city after World War I, during the ...

, after the state has been overrun by the Iranian army.

April

April April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Its length is 30 days. April is commonly associated with the season of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the ...

– The previous discovery of the '

Dead Sea Scrolls The Dead Sea Scrolls, also called the Qumran Caves Scrolls, are a set of List of Hebrew Bible manuscripts, ancient Jewish manuscripts from the Second Temple period (516 BCE – 70 CE). They were discovered over a period of ten years, between ...

' in the

Qumran Caves The Qumran Caves ( '; ''HaMeara Kumran'') are a series of caves, both natural and artificial, found around the archaeological site of Qumran in the Judaean Desert. It is in these caves that the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered. Israel Nature a ...

(above the northwest shore of the

Dead Sea The Dead Sea (; or ; ), also known by #Names, other names, is a landlocked salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east, the Israeli-occupied West Bank to the west and Israel to the southwest. It lies in the endorheic basin of the Jordan Rift Valle ...

) by

Bedouin The Bedouin, Beduin, or Bedu ( ; , singular ) are pastorally nomadic Arab tribes who have historically inhabited the desert regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, the Levant, and Mesopotamia (Iraq). The Bedouin originated in the Sy ...

shepherds, becomes known. *

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. * 1081 – Alexios I Komnenos overthrows the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, and, after his tro ...

Jackie Robinson Jack Roosevelt Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball player who became the first Black American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era. Robinson broke the Baseball color line, ...

, the first

Major League Baseball Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball league composed of 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (baseball), National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. MLB i ...

since the 1880s, signs a contract with the

Brooklyn Dodgers The Brooklyn Dodgers were a Major League Baseball team founded in 1883 as the Brooklyn Grays. In 1884, it became a member of the American Association as the Brooklyn Atlantics before joining the National League in 1890. They remained in Brook ...

. ** Paul I becomes King of Greece, aged 45, following the death of his brother, King George II. ** The 1947 Royal New Zealand Navy mutinies begin. *

April 4 Events Pre-1600 * 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 &nd ...

– The

International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international sch ...

begins operations. *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...

** The Arab

Ba'ath Party The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party ( ' ), also known simply as Bath Party (), was a political party founded in Syria by Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Din al-Bitar, and associates of Zaki al-Arsuzi. The party espoused Ba'athism, which is an ideology ...

is established by merger in

Damascus Damascus ( , ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. Kno ...

. **The largest recorded

sunspot Sunspots are temporary spots on the Sun's surface that are darker than the surrounding area. They are one of the most recognizable Solar phenomena and despite the fact that they are mostly visible in the solar photosphere they usually aff ...

group appears on the solar surface. *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, ...

** Multiple tornadoes strike Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas, killing 184 and injuring 970. ** The

Journey of Reconciliation The Journey of Reconciliation, also called "First Freedom Ride", was a form of nonviolent direct action to challenge state segregation laws on interstate buses in the Southern United States. Bayard Rustin and 18 other men and women were the ear ...

in the

Southern United States The Southern United States (sometimes Dixie, also referred to as the Southern States, the American South, the Southland, Dixieland, or simply the South) is List of regions of the United States, census regions defined by the United States Cens ...

begins, organized by the

Congress of Racial Equality The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the civil rights movement. Founded in 1942, its stated mission is "to bring about ...

. *

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guisca ...

– Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to play Major League Baseball since the 1880s. *

April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido – the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Roman emperor Otho commits suicide. * ...

Texas City disaster The 1947 Texas City disaster was an industrial accident that occurred on April 16, 1947, in the port of Texas City, Texas, United States, located in Galveston Bay. It was the deadliest industrial accident in U.S. history and one of history's ...

: The

ammonium nitrate Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula . It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, but does not form hydrates. It is predominantly us ...

cargo of French-registered

Liberty ship Liberty ships were a ship class, class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding Program. Although British in concept, the design was adopted by the United States for its simple, low-cost cons ...

explodes in

Texas City, Texas Texas City is a city in Galveston County, Texas, United States, on the southwest shoreline of Galveston Bay. Texas City is a deepwater port on Texas's Gulf Coast, as well as a petroleum-refining and petrochemical-manufacturing center. The popu ...

in one of the largest man-made non-nuclear explosions in history, killing at least 581, including all but one member of the city fire department, injuring at least 5,000 and destroying 20 city blocks. Of the dead, remains of 113 are never found, and 62 are unidentifiable. ** American financier and presidential adviser

Bernard Baruch Bernard Mannes Baruch (August 19, 1870 – June 20, 1965) was an American financier and statesman. After amassing a fortune on the New York Stock Exchange, he impressed President Woodrow Wilson by managing the nation's economic mobilization in W ...

describes the post–World War II tensions between the

and the United States as a "

". ** The first public demonstration of a

TV camera A professional video camera (often called a television camera even though its use has spread beyond television) is a high-end device for creating electronic moving images (as opposed to a movie camera, that earlier recorded the images on filmstoc ...

zoom lens A zoom lens is a system of camera lens elements for which the focal length (and thus angle of view) can be varied, as opposed to a fixed-focal-length (FFL) lens (''prime lens''). A true zoom lens or optical zoom lens is a type of '' parfocal ...

, the ''

Jerry Fairbanks Gerald Bertram Fairbanks (November 1, 1904, San Francisco - June 21, 1995, Santa Barbara, California) was a producer and director in the Hollywood motion picture and television industry. Biography Fairbanks survived the 1906 San Francisco earthq ...

Zoomar,'' is held at

NBC The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American commercial broadcast television and radio network serving as the flagship property of the NBC Entertainment division of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. It is one of NBCUniversal's ...

studios in

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara ...

** The British

Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...

detonates 6,800 tons of explosives, in an attempt to demolish the fortified island of

Heligoland Heligoland (; , ; Heligolandic Frisian: , , Mooring Frisian: , ) is a small archipelago in the North Sea. The islands were historically possessions of Denmark, then became possessions of the United Kingdom from 1807 to 1890. Since 1890, the ...

, Germany, in another of the largest man-made non-nuclear explosions in history. ** ' Mrs. Ples', an ''

Australopithecus africanus ''Australopithecus africanus'' is an extinct species of australopithecine which lived between about 3.3 and 2.1 million years ago in the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene of South Africa. The species has been recovered from Taung, Sterkfontei ...

'' skull, is discovered in the

Sterkfontein Sterkfontein (Afrikaans for ''Strong Spring'') is a set of limestone caves of special interest in paleoanthropology located in Gauteng province, about northwest of Johannesburg, South Africa in the Muldersdrift area close to the town of K ...

area in

Transvaal Transvaal is a historical geographic term associated with land north of (''i.e.'', beyond) the Vaal River in South Africa. A number of states and administrative divisions have carried the name ''Transvaal''. * South African Republic (1856–1902; ...

, South Africa. *

April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 * 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. * 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...

– King

Frederik IX Frederik IX (Christian Frederik Franz Michael Carl Valdemar Georg; 11 March 1899 – 14 January 1972) was King of Denmark from 1947 to 1972. Frederik was born into the House of Glücksburg during the reign of his great-grandfather King Ch ...

succeeds his father,

Christian X Christian X (; 26 September 1870 – 20 April 1947) was King of Denmark from 1912 until his death in 1947, and the only King of Iceland as Kristján X, holding the title as a result of the personal union between Denmark and independent Ice ...

, on the throne of

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

May

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. * 1169 & ...

– Portella della Ginestra massacre: The Salvatore Giuliano gang of Sicilian separatists opens fire on a

Labour Day Labour Day is an annual day of celebration of the labour movement and its labor rights, achievements. It has its origins in the trade union, labour union movement, specifically the Eight-hour day movement, eight-hour day movement, which advoca ...

parade at Portella della Ginestra,

Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...

, killing 11 people and wounding 27. *

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first royal charter. * 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...

– The movie ''

Miracle on 34th Street ''Miracle on 34th Street'' (initially released as ''The Big Heart'' in the United Kingdom) is a 1947 American Christmas film, Christmas comedy-drama film released by 20th Century-Fox, written and directed by George Seaton and based on a story ...

'', a Christmastime classic, is first shown in theaters. *

May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties ...

– The new post-war

Constitution of Japan The Constitution of Japan is the supreme law of Japan. Written primarily by American civilian officials during the occupation of Japan after World War II, it was adopted on 3 November 1946 and came into effect on 3 May 1947, succeeding the Meij ...

goes into effect. *

May 11 Events Pre-1600 * 330 – Constantine the Great dedicates the much-expanded and rebuilt city of Byzantium, changing its name to New Rome and declaring it the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. *868 – A copy of the Diamond Sūtr ...

– The Ferrari 125 S, the first car to bear the

Ferrari Ferrari S.p.A. (; ) is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello. Founded in 1939 by Enzo Ferrari (1898–1988), the company built Auto Avio Costruzioni 815, its first car in 1940, adopted its current name in 1945, and be ...

name, debuts. *

May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. ...

– The

begins: To fight the spread of

, President

Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. As the 34th vice president in 1945, he assumed the presidency upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt that year. Subsequen ...

signs an Act of Congress that implements the

. This Act grants $400 million in military and economic aid to

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

and Greece. The Cold War ends in

. *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...

– Hyundai Togun, the initial name of the

Hyundai Group Hyundai Group (; ) is a South Korean conglomerate founded by Chung Ju-yung. The group was founded in 1947 Hyundai Engineering & Construction, as a construction company. With government assistance, Chung and his family members rapidly expanded ...

, is founded by Chung Ju-young. *

May 29 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. * 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops unde ...

** An

Air Iceland An atmosphere () is a layer of gases that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object. A planet retains an atmosphere when the gravity is great and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. A stellar atmosphere ...

Douglas C-47 The Douglas C-47 Skytrain or Dakota ( RAF designation) is a military transport aircraft developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3 airliner. It was used extensively by the Allies during World War II. During the war the C-47 was used for troo ...

on a domestic flight in

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

crashes into a mountainside killing all 25 people on board. ** A

United States Army Air Forces The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and ''de facto'' aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II ...

Douglas C-54 Skymaster The Douglas C-54 Skymaster is a four-engined transport aircraft used by the United States Army Air Forces in World War II and the Korean War. Like the Douglas C-47 Skytrain derived from the DC-3, the C-54 Skymaster was derived from a civilia ...

crashes on approach to

Naval Air Station Atsugi is a joint Japan-US naval air base located in the cities of Yamato, Kanagawa, Yamato and Ayase, Kanagawa, Ayase in Kanagawa Prefecture, Kanagawa, Japan. It is the largest United States Navy (USN) air base in the Pacific Ocean, and once housed ...

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

, killing all 41 on board in the worst aviation accident in Japanese history up to this time. *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within . * 1381 – ...

– Eastern Air Lines Flight 605: A

crashes near Bainbridge, Maryland, killing all 53 aboard (49 passengers, 4 crew), in America's worst commercial aviation disaster to this date. *

May 31 Events Pre-1600 * 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome. * 1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by th ...

–

Alcide de Gasperi Alcide Amedeo Francesco De Gasperi (; 3 April 1881 – 19 August 1954) was an Italian politician and statesman who founded the Christian Democracy party and served as prime minister of Italy in eight successive coalition governments from 1945 t ...

forms a new government in Italy, the first postwar Italian government not to include members of the

Italian Communist Party The Italian Communist Party (, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy. It was established in Livorno as the Communist Party of Italy (, PCd'I) on 21 January 1921, when it seceded from the Italian Socialist Part ...

June

June June is the sixth and current month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars—the latter the most widely used calendar in the world. Its length is 30 days. June succeeds May and precedes July. This month marks the start of su ...

– The Doomsday Clock of the

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists The ''Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists'' is a nonprofit organization concerning science and global security issues resulting from accelerating technological advances that have negative consequences for humanity. The ''Bulletin'' publishes conte ...

is introduced. *

June 5 Events Pre-1600 * 830 – Theodora is crowned Byzantine empress and marries then emperor Theophilos in the Hagia Sophia. She is credited with restoring orthodoxy and the icons. * 1086 – Tutush, brother of Seljuk sultan Malik Sh ...

– U.S. Secretary of State

George Marshall George Catlett Marshall Jr. (31 December 1880 – 16 October 1959) was an American army officer and statesman. He rose through the United States Army to become Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army under pres ...

outlines the

Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative enacted in 1948 to provide foreign aid to Western Europe. The United States transferred $13.3 billion (equivalent to $ in ) in economic recovery pr ...

for American reconstruction and relief aid to Europe, in a speech at

Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...

. *

June 7 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Emperor Theodosius II marries Aelia Eudocia at Constantinople (Byzantine Empire). * 879 – Pope John VIII recognises the Duchy of Croatia under Duke Branimir as an independent state. * 1002 – He ...

– The Romanian Army founds the

association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 Football player, players who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a Ball (association football), ball around a rectangular f ...

club CCA (Clubul Central al Armatei – The Army's Central Club), which will become the most successful Romanian football team during its time as ''

CSA Steaua București Clubul Sportiv al Armatei Steaua București, commonly known as CSA Steaua București () or simply Steaua, is a major Sports club, multi-sports club based in Bucharest and run by the Ministry of National Defence of Romania, Ministry of National D ...

''. *

June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. * 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederic ...

–

SAAB Saab or SAAB may refer to: Brands and enterprises * Saab AB, a Swedish aircraft, aerospace and defence company, still known as SAAB, and together with subsidiaries as Saab Group ** Datasaab, a former computer company, started as spin off from Saab ...

in Sweden produces its first automobile. *

June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty ( 171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...

– 15 – The first

Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod The Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod is a music festival which takes place every year during the second week of July in Llangollen, North Wales. It is one of several large annual Eisteddfodau in Wales. Singers and dancers from aroun ...

is held in Wales. *

June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of So ...

– The '' Estado Novo'' in Portugal orders 11 military officers and 19 university professors, who are accused of revolutionary activity, to resign. *

June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarios sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily. * 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mongols and Wuzong o ...

– The

Parliament of Canada The Parliament of Canada () is the Canadian federalism, federal legislature of Canada. The Monarchy of Canada, Crown, along with two chambers: the Senate of Canada, Senate and the House of Commons of Canada, House of Commons, form the Bicameral ...

votes unanimously to pass several laws regarding displaced foreign refugees. *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish ...

– The

United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...

follows the

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...

, in overriding President

veto A veto is a legal power to unilaterally stop an official action. In the most typical case, a president (government title), president or monarch vetoes a bill (law), bill to stop it from becoming statutory law, law. In many countries, veto powe ...

of the

Taft–Hartley Act The Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, better known as the Taft–Hartley Act, is a Law of the United States, United States federal law that restricts the activities and power of trade union, labor unions. It was enacted by the 80th United S ...

. *

June 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa. * 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, northwest of Rome. ...

–

Kenneth Arnold Kenneth Albert Arnold (March 29, 1915 – January 16, 1984) was an American aviator, businessman, and politician. Arnold is known best for reporting what is generally considered the first widely publicized modern sighting of an unidentified fl ...

makes the first widely reported UFO sighting near

Mount Rainier Mount Rainier ( ), also known as Tahoma, is a large active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range of the Pacific Northwest in the United States. The mountain is located in Mount Rainier National Park about south-southeast of Seattle. With an off ...

Washington Washington most commonly refers to: * George Washington (1732–1799), the first president of the United States * Washington (state), a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A ...

. Over 800 copycat sightings are reported throughout the US in the coming following weeks. * June 25 – ''

The Diary of a Young Girl ''The Diary of a Young Girl'', commonly referred to as ''The Diary of Anne Frank'', is a book of the writings from the Dutch language, Dutch-language diary kept by Anne Frank while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the Neth ...

'' by

Anne Frank Annelies Marie Frank (, ; 12 June 1929 – February or March 1945)Research by The Anne Frank House in 2015 revealed that Frank may have died in February 1945 rather than in March, as Dutch authorities had long assumed"New research sheds new li ...

is published for the first time as ''Het Achterhuis: Dagboekbrieven 14 juni 1942 – 1 augustus 1944'' ("The Annex: Diary Notes from 14 June 1942 – 1 August 1944") in

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Re ...

, two years after the writer's death in

Bergen-Belsen concentration camp Bergen-Belsen (), or Belsen, was a Nazi concentration camp in what is today Lower Saxony in Northern Germany, northern Germany, southwest of the town of Bergen, Lower Saxony, Bergen near Celle. Originally established as a prisoner of war camp, ...

July

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and ...

– The

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

begins the

National Malaria Eradication Program In the United States, the National Malaria Eradication Program (NMEP) was launched in July 1947. By 1951 this federal program—with state and local participation—had reduced the incidence of malaria in the United States to the point that the pr ...

, successfully eradicating malaria in

1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...

. *

July 6 Events Pre-1600 * 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility. * 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egy ...

1947 Sylhet referendum The 1947 Sylhet referendum was held in Sylhet District of the Assam Province of British India to decide whether the district would remain in undivided Assam and therefore within the post-independence Dominion of India, or leave Assam for Ea ...

: A referendum is held in

Sylhet Sylhet (; ) is a Metropolis, metropolitan city in the north eastern region of Bangladesh. It serves as the administrative center for both the Sylhet District and the Sylhet Division. The city is situated on the banks of the Surma River and, as o ...

to decide its fate in the

Partition of India The partition of India in 1947 was the division of British India into two independent dominion states, the Dominion of India, Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. The Union of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Paki ...

. ** The first prototype

AK-47 The AK-47, officially known as the Avtomat Kalashnikova (; also known as the Kalashnikov or just AK), is an assault rifle that is chambered for the 7.62×39mm cartridge. Developed in the Soviet Union by Russian small-arms designer Mikhail Kala ...

assault rifles are built to the design of

Mikhail Kalashnikov Mikhail Timofeyevich Kalashnikov (10November 191923December 2013) was a Soviet and Russian lieutenant general, inventor, Military engineering, military engineer, writer, and small arms designer. He is most famous for developing the AK-47 assau ...

. *

July 8 Events Pre-1600 * 1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. * 1167 – The Byzantines defeat the Hungarian army ...

–

Roswell UFO incident The Roswell Incident started in 1947 with the recovery of debris near Roswell, New Mexico. It later became the basis for conspiracy theories alleging that the United States military recovered a crashed extraterrestrial spacecraft. The debri ...

: A supposedly downed extraterrestrial spacecraft is reportedly found near

Roswell, New Mexico Roswell () is a city in and the county seat of Chaves County, New Mexico, Chaves County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 48,422 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of municipalities in New Mexico, fi ...

July 9 Events Pre-1600 * 118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman emperor Theodo ...

** 'Flying disc' photographs published in Phoenix ** King

George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until Death and state funeral of George VI, his death in 1952 ...

of the United Kingdom announces the engagement of his daughter Princess Elizabeth to Lt. Philip Mountbatten. *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius). * 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair ...

– The ship '' Exodus'' leaves France for

Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...

, with 4,500 Jewish

Holocaust The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ...

survivor refugees on board. *

July 17 Events Pre-1600 * 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. * 1048 – Dama ...

– Indian passenger ship is capsized by a cyclone at

Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...

, India, with 625 people killed. *

July 18 Events Pre-1600 * 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army. * 387 BC – Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, ...

** Following wide media and

UNSCOP The United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) was created on 15 May 1947 in response to a United Kingdom government request that the General Assembly of the United Nations, General Assembly "make recommendations under article 10 o ...

coverage, the '' Exodus'' is captured by British troops, and refused entry into Palestine at the port of

Haifa Haifa ( ; , ; ) is the List of cities in Israel, third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropolitan area i ...

. ** President

signs the

Presidential Succession Act The United States Presidential Succession Act is a federal statute establishing the presidential line of succession. Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 of the United States Constitution authorizes Congress to enact such a statute: Congress ha ...

into law, which places the

Speaker of the House The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body, is its presiding officer, or the chair. The title was first used in 1377 in England. Usage The title was first recorded in 1377 to describe the role of Thomas de Hung ...

and the President pro tempore of the Senate next in the line of succession, after the

vice president A vice president or vice-president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vi ...

. *

July 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...

– Burmese nationalist

, and six members of his newly formed cabinet, are assassinated during a cabinet meeting. *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...

–

: U.S. President

signs the

National Security Act of 1947 The National Security Act of 1947 (Act of Congress, Pub.L.]80-253 61 United States Statutes at Large, Stat.]495 enacted July 26, 1947) was a law enacting major restructuring of the Federal government of the United States, United States governmen ...

into law to create the

Central Intelligence Agency The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with advancing national security through collecting and analyzing intelligence from around the world and ...

, the

Department of Defense The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government charged with coordinating and supervising the six U.S. armed services: the Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force, Space Force, ...

, the

Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is the body of the most senior uniformed leaders within the United States Department of Defense, which advises the president of the United States, the secretary of defense, the Homeland Security Council and ...

, and the

National Security Council A national security council (NSC) is usually an executive branch governmental body responsible for coordinating policy on national security issues and advising chief executives on matters related to national security. An NSC is often headed by a n ...

. * July 27– 28 – English endurance swimmer

Tom Blower Tom Blower (1914–1955; nicknamed "Torpedo") was a British man who on 27–28 July 1947 became the first to successfully swim the North Channel between Ireland and Scotland, completing the feat in 15 hours and 26 minutes. In spite of multiple ...

becomes the first person to swim the North Channel, from

Donaghadee Donaghadee ( , ) is a small town in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies on the northeast coast of the Ards Peninsula, about east of Belfast and about six miles (10 km) south east of Bangor, County Down, Bangor. It is in the Civil paris ...

Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ; ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It has been #Descriptions, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares Repub ...

Portpatrick Portpatrick is a village and civil parishes in Scotland, civil parish in the historical county of Wigtownshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is located on the west coast of the Rhins of Galloway. The parish is about in length and in br ...

in Scotland. *

July 29 Events Pre-1600 *587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. * 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo o ...

– After being shut down on November 9, 1946, for a refurbishment, the

ENIAC ENIAC (; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the first Computer programming, programmable, Electronics, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. Other computers had some of these features, but ENIAC was ...

computer in the United States is turned back on again, and remains in continuous operation until October 2, 1955.

August

August 1 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt u ...

– Indonesian airline

Garuda Indonesia Garuda Indonesia is the flag carrier of Indonesia, headquartered at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport near Jakarta. A successor of KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf, it is a member of SkyTeam airline alliance and the second-largest airline of Ind ...

is established. *

August 2 Events Pre-1600 *338 BC – A Ancient Macedonian army, Macedonian army led by Philip II of Macedon, Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes, Greece, Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), Battle of Chaeronea, secu ...

– 1947 BSAA Avro Lancastrian ''Star Dust'' accident: A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian airliner crashes into a mountain during a flight from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Santiago, Chile (the wreckage will not be found until 1998). *

August 5 Events Pre-1600 * AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. * 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...

– The Netherlands ends

Operation Product Operation Product was a Dutch military offensive against areas of Java and Sumatra controlled by the de facto Republic of Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution.Vickers (2005), p. 99 It took place between 21 July and 4 August 1947. ...

, the first of its major military ' police actions' in

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

. *

August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of ...

Thor Heyerdahl Thor Heyerdahl KStJ (; 6 October 1914 – 18 April 2002) was a Norwegian adventurer and Ethnography, ethnographer with a background in biology with specialization in zoology, botany and geography. Heyerdahl is notable for his Kon-Tiki expediti ...

balsa wood ''Ochroma pyramidale'', commonly known as balsa, is a large, fast-growing tree native to the Americas. It is the sole member of the genus ''Ochroma'', and is classified in the subfamily Bombacoideae of the mallow family Malvaceae. The tree is f ...

raft, the ''

Kon-Tiki The ''Kon-Tiki'' expedition was a 1947 journey by raft across the Pacific Ocean from South America to the Polynesian islands, led by Norwegian explorer and writer Thor Heyerdahl. The raft was named ''Kon-Tiki'' after the Inca god Viracocha, f ...

'', smashes into the

reef A reef is a ridge or shoal of rock, coral, or similar relatively stable material lying beneath the surface of a natural body of water. Many reefs result from natural, abiotic component, abiotic (non-living) processes such as deposition (geol ...

at Raroia in the

Tuamotu Islands The Tuamotu Archipelago or the Tuamotu Islands (, officially ) are a French Polynesian chain of just under 80 islands and atolls in the southern Pacific Ocean. They constitute the largest chain of atolls in the world, extending (from northwest to ...

, after a 101-day, 4,300 mile, voyage across the Eastern Pacific Ocean, demonstrating that prehistoric peoples could have traveled to the Central Pacific islands from South America. ** The Bombay Municipal Corporation formally takes over the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST). *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. * 29 BC – Octavian ...

** The Muslim majority regions formed by the

gain independence from the

British Empire The British Empire comprised the dominions, Crown colony, colonies, protectorates, League of Nations mandate, mandates, and other Dependent territory, territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It bega ...

as the

Dominion of Pakistan The Dominion of Pakistan, officially Pakistan, was an independent federal dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations, which existed from 14 August 1947 to Pakistan Day, 23 March 1956. It was created by the passing of the Indian Independence ...

. While the transition is officially at midnight on this day, Pakistan celebrates its independence on August 14, compared with India on the 15th, because the

Pakistan Standard Time Pakistan Standard Time (, abbreviated as PKT) is UTC+05:00 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. The time zone is in use during standard time in Asia. History Present day Pakistan had been following UTC+05:30 since 1907 (during the Britis ...

is 30 minutes behind the standard time of India. **

Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Ali Jinnah (born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 187611 September 1948) was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until the inception of Pa ...

becomes the first

governor-general of Pakistan The governor-general of Pakistan () was the Political representation, representative of the Monarchy of Pakistan, Pakistani monarch in the Dominion of Pakistan, established by the Indian Independence Act 1947. The office of governor-general was ...

Liaquat Ali Khan Liaquat Ali Khan (1 October 189516 October 1951) was a Pakistani lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the first prime minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan (, Roman Urdu, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the he ...

takes office as the first

prime minister of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan (, Roman Urdu, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Cabinet of Pakistan, cabinet, desp ...

. *

August 15 Events Pre-1600 * 636 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate begins. * 717 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Consta ...

** The greater Indian subcontinent, with a mixed population of

Hindu Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also be ...

Sikhs Sikhs (singular Sikh: or ; , ) are an ethnoreligious group who adhere to Sikhism, a religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term ''Sikh'' ...

Buddhists Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE. It is the world's fourth ...

Jains Jainism ( ), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion whose three main pillars are nonviolence (), asceticism (), and a rejection of all simplistic and one-sided views of truth and reality (). Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and ...

, Zoroasters,

Jews Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

Christians A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words '' Christ'' and ''C ...

Muslims Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...

and others formed by the

, gains independence from the British Empire, as the

Dominion of India The Dominion of India, officially the Union of India, * * was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations existing between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950. Until its Indian independence movement, independence, India had be ...

. 755 years of foreign rule (565 years of Muslim rule (1192–1757) and 190 years British rule (1757–1947)) in India comes to an end. **

Jawaharlal Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat, and statesman who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century. Nehru was a pr ...

takes office as the first

prime minister of India The prime minister of India (ISO 15919, ISO: ) is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Union Council of Ministers, Council of Ministers, despite the president of ...

, taking his oath from Louis Mountbatten, Viscount Mountbatten of Burma,

Governor-General of India The governor-general of India (1833 to 1950, from 1858 to 1947 the viceroy and governor-general of India, commonly shortened to viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom in their capacity as the emperor o ...

(but no longer

viceroy A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the Anglo-Norman ''roy'' (Old Frenc ...

). *

August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the H ...

– In Greece, General Markos Vafiadis takes over the government until

1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2025 * January 2 – Luis ...

. *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Ca ...

– The

prime minister of Greece The prime minister of the Hellenic Republic (), usually referred to as the prime minister of Greece (), is the head of government of the Greece, Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Cabinet of Greece, Greek Cabinet. The officeholder's of ...

, resigns. *

August 27 Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days. * 1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England. * 1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the ...

– The French government lowers the daily bread

ration Rationing is the controlled distribution (marketing), distribution of scarcity, scarce resources, goods, services, or an artificial restriction of demand. Rationing controls the size of the ration, which is one's allowed portion of the resourc ...

to 200 grams, causing riots in

Verdun Verdun ( , ; ; ; official name before 1970: Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a city in the Meuse (department), Meuse departments of France, department in Grand Est, northeastern France. It is an arrondissement of the department. In 843, the Treaty of V ...

and

Le Mans Le Mans (; ) is a Communes of France, city in Northwestern France on the Sarthe (river), Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the Provinces of France, province of Maine (province), Maine, it is now the capital of ...

. *

August 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple. * 1060 – The Mirdasids defeat the Fatimid Caliphate at the Battle of al-Funaydiq, signalling the definitive loss of Aleppo for the Fatimi ...

– A fire at a movie theater in Rueil, a suburb of Paris, France, kills 83 people. *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one ye ...

– In

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

communists Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, d ...

fail to gain a majority in parliamentary elections (despite widespread fraud) and turn to direct action as part of the country's transition to Communism (1944–1949).

September

September 9 Events Pre-1600 *337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. * 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. * 1141 &ndas ...

Women's suffrage Women's suffrage is the women's rights, right of women to Suffrage, vote in elections. Several instances occurred in recent centuries where women were selectively given, then stripped of, the right to vote. In Sweden, conditional women's suffra ...

is agreed by

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

's Congress. ** A moth lodged in a

relay A relay Electromechanical relay schematic showing a control coil, four pairs of normally open and one pair of normally closed contacts An automotive-style miniature relay with the dust cover taken off A relay is an electrically operated switc ...

is found to be the cause of a malfunction in the

Harvard Mark II The Harvard Mark II, also known as the Aiken Relay Calculator, was an electromechanical computer built under the direction of Howard Aiken at Harvard University, completed in 1947. It was financed by the United States Navy and used for ballistic c ...

electromechanical computer, logged as the "First actual case of Software bug, bug being found." * September 13 – Indian Prime Minister

suggests the exchange of four million Hindus and Muslims between India and Pakistan. * September 15–September 16, 16 – Typhoon Kathleen strikes the Bōsō Peninsula and the entire Kantō region in Japan. Heavy rains cause the Arakawa River (Kanto), Arakawa and Tone Rivers to overflow and embankment collapse. The resulting floods and debris flow kill between 1,077 and 1,920 people, injuring 1,547 and leaving 853 missing. * September 17–September 21, 21 – The 1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane in southeastern Florida, and also in Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana causes widespread damage, and kills 50 people. * September 18 – In the United States: ** The

becomes effective on this day, creating the United States Air Force, National Security Council (United States), National Security Council and the

. ** The United States Department of War, Department of War becomes the Department of the Army, a branch of the new United States Department of Defense, Department of Defense. * September 22 – The Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties (Cominform) is founded by the International Communist Movement. * September 30 – Pakistan and Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, Yemen join the

October

* October – First recorded use of the word ''computer'' in its modern sense, referring to an electronic digital machine. * October 1 – The North American F-86 Sabre jet fighter aircraft makes its first flight. * October 5 – President

delivers the first televised White House address, speaking on the world food crises. * October 14 – United States Air Force test pilot Captain Chuck Yeager flies a Bell X-1 rocket plane faster than the speed of sound, the first time it has been accomplished. * October 20 – A war begins in Kashmir, along the border between India and Pakistan, initiating the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948. Also, Pakistan establishes diplomatic relations with the United States of America. * October 24 – The first Azad Kashmir Government is established within Pakistan, headed by Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan as its first President supported by the government of Pakistan. * October 30 – The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the foundation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), is established.

November

* November 2 – In Long Beach, California, United States, designer and airplane pilot Howard Hughes carries out the one and only flight of the Hughes H-4 Hercules ("''Spruce Goose''"), the largest fixed-wing aircraft ever built and flown. This flight only lasts 8 minutes. * November 6 – The television program ''Meet the Press'' makes its debut, on the NBC-TV network in the United States. * November 9 – Junagadh is invaded by the Indian army. * November 10 – The arrest of four steel workers in Marseille begins a French Communist Party, French communist riot, that also spreads to Paris. * November 13 – Wataru Misaka makes the roster of the 1947–48 New York Knicks season, New York Knicks to become the first person of color to play in modern professional basketball, months after

broke the color barrier in

for the

. Misaka has led the Utah Utes men's basketball, Utah Utes to the 1944 NCAA basketball tournament, 1944 NCAA and 1947 National Invitation Tournament, 1947 NIT championships. * November 15 ** The International Telecommunication Union becomes a specialized agency of the

. ** The Universal Postal Union (UPU) becomes a specialized agency of the

(effective

1948). * November 16 ** In Brussels, 15,000 people demonstrate against the relatively short prison sentences of Belgian Nazi criminals. ** Great Britain begins withdrawing its troops from Palestine. * November 17–December 23 – John Bardeen and Walter Brattain working under William Shockley at AT&T Corporation, AT&T's Bell Labs in the United States demonstrate the transistor effect, a key element for the electronics revolution of the 20th century. * November 17 – The Screen Actors Guild implements an anti-Communist loyalty oath. * November 18 – Ballantyne's fire: A fire in Ballantynes department store in Christchurch, New Zealand, kills 41 people. * November 20 ** Wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh: Princess Elizabeth (later Elizabeth II), the daughter of

of the United Kingdom, marries Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, The Duke of Edinburgh at Westminster Abbey in London. ** Paul Ramadier resigns as Prime Minister of France. He is succeeded by Robert Schuman, who calls in 80,000 army reservists to quell rioting miners in France. * November 21 – The United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment begins in Havana, Cuba. This conference ends in 1948, when its members complete the Havana Charter. * November 24 – McCarthyism: The

votes 346–17 to approve citations of Contempt of Congress against the "Hollywood Ten", after the screenwriters and directors refuse to co-operate with the House Un-American Activities Committee concerning allegations of Communism, communist influences in the movie business. The ten men are Hollywood blacklist, blacklisted by the Cinema of the United States, Hollywood movie studios on the following day. * November 25 ** The New Zealand Parliament ratifies the Statute of Westminster 1931, Statute of Westminster, and thus becomes independent of legislative control by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ** The new Pakistan Army and Pashtun people, Pashtun Mercenary, mercenaries overrun Mirpur in Kashmir, resulting in the death of 20,000 Hindus and Sikhs. * November 27 – In Paris, France, police occupy the editorial offices of the communist newspapers. * November 29 – The United Nations General Assembly votes for the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine which will partition Mandatory Palestine between Arab and Jewish regions, resulting in the creation of the State of Israel.

December

* December 3 ** French Communist Party, French communist Strike action, strikers derail the Paris-Tourcoing express train because of false rumors that it is transporting soldiers; 21 people are killed. ** The Tennessee Williams play ''A Streetcar Named Desire (play), A Streetcar Named Desire'', starring Marlon Brando in his first great role, opens at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on Broadway in New York City; Jessica Tandy also stars as Blanche Du Bois. * December 4 – French Interior Minister Jules S. Moch takes state of emergency, emergency measures against his country's rioters, after six days of violent arguments in the National Assembly of France, National Assembly. * December 6 ** Arturo Toscanini conducts a concert performance of the first half of Giuseppe Verdi's opera ''Otello'', for a broadcast on NBC Radio in the United States. The second half of the opera is broadcast a week later. ** Women are admitted to full membership of the University of Cambridge in England. following a vote in September. * December 9 – French labor unions call off the general strike, and re-commence negotiations with the French government. * December 12 – The

ian Royal Army takes back power in the Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan province. * December 14 – Santiago Bernabeu Stadium is officially inaugurated in Madrid, and hosts its first match. * December 21 – During the mass migration of Hindus and Muslims between the new states of India and Pakistan, 400,000 are slaughtered. * December 22 – The Italian Constituent Assembly votes to accept the new Constitution of Italy. * December 30 ** The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 jet fighter aircraft (NATO reporting name Wikt:fagot, Fagot) makes its first flight in the Soviet Union. ** King Michael I of Romania is forced to abdicate and the Romanian monarchy is abolished.

Births

January

David-Bowie Chicago 2002-08-08 photoby Adam-Bielawski-cropped

President Megawati Sukarnoputri - Indonesia

** F. R. David, Tunisian-born French singer ** Vladimir Titov (cosmonaut), Vladimir Titov, Russian cosmonaut ** Frances Yip, Hong Kong singer * January 2 – Jack Hanna, American Zookeeper and Television Personality (''Jack Hanna's Animal Adventures'') * January 6 ** Sandy Denny, British singer (d. 1978) ** Ian Millar, Canadian dressage rider * January 8 ** David Bowie, English singer, songwriter, and actor (d. 2016) ** Samuel Schmid, Swiss Federal Councillor *

– Peer Steinbrück, German politician * January 13 – Carles Rexach, Spanish-Catalan footballer and coach *

– Andrea Martin, Canadian-American actress (''Second City Television'') *

** Juliet Berto, French actress, director and screenwriter (d. 1990) ** Apasra Hongsakula, Thai model, Miss Universe 1965 ** Harvey Proctor, British Conservative politician * January 18 – Takeshi Kitano, Japanese film director, actor * January 20 – Cyrille Guimard, French road racing cyclist * January 21 – Jill Eikenberry, American actress * January 22 – Vladimir Oravsky, Swedish writer * January 23 ** Tom Carper, American politician ** Megawati Sukarnoputri, 5th President of Indonesia *

** Giorgio Chinaglia, Italian footballer (d. 2012) ** Michio Kaku, American theoretical physicist ** Warren Zevon, American rock musician (''Werewolves of London'') (d. 2003) * January 25 – Tostão (Eduardo Gonçalves de Andrade), Brazilian footballer *

– Michel Sardou, French singer and actor * January 27 – Björn Afzelius, Swedish singer, songwriter and guitarist (''Hoola Bandoola Band'') (d. 1999) * January 28 – Jeanne Shaheen, US Senator * January 29 – Linda B. Buck, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine * January 30 – Steve Marriott, British rock musician (d.

) * January 31 – Jonathan Banks, American actor

February

* February 2 – Farrah Fawcett, American actress (''Charlie's Angels'') (d. 2009) *

** Paul Auster, American novelist (d. 2024) ** Dave Davies, English rock musician (The Kinks) ** Melanie (singer), Melanie (Safka), American folk singer (d. 2024) * February 4 ** Halina Aszkiełowicz-Wojno, Polish volleyball player (d. 2018) ** Dennis C. Blair, American admiral, Director of National Intelligence ** John Campbell Brown, Scottish astronomer (d. 2019) ** Dan Quayle, 44th Vice President of the United States *

– Regina Duarte, Brazilian actress; former Special Secretary of Culture of Brazil *

– Wayne Allwine, American voice actor (Mickey Mouse) (d. 2009) *

– Louise Arbour, Canadian jurist * February 11 ** Yukio Hatoyama, 60th Prime Minister of Japan ** Roy Moore, American politician * February 13 – Mike Krzyzewski, American basketball player and coach * February 15 ** John Adams (composer), John Adams, American composer ** Wenche Myhre, Norwegian actress, singer ** Ádám Nádasdy, Hungarian linguist and poet * February 16 – Veríssimo Correia Seabra, Bissau-Guinean military commander (d. 2004) * February 18 ** Princess Christina of the Netherlands (d. 2019) ** José Luis Cuerda, Spanish filmmaker, screenwriter and producer (d. 2020) * February 19 – Gustavo Rodríguez (actor), Gustavo Rodríguez, Venezuelan actor (d. 2014) *

** Peter Osgood, English footballer (d. 2006) ** Peter Strauss, American actor *

** Victor Sokolov, Russian dissident journalist and priest (d. 2006) ** Renata Sorrah, Brazilian actress *

** Lee Evans (sprinter), Lee Evans, American Olympic athlete (d. 2021) ** Doug Yule, American rock singer (The Velvet Underground) * February 26 – Sandie Shaw, British singer * February 27 – Gidon Kremer, Latvian violinist *

– Stephanie Beacham, English actress

March

– Alan Thicke, Canadian actor and television host (d. 2016) * March 2 – Yuri Bogatyryov, Soviet actor (d. 1989) * March 3 **Óscar Tabárez, Óscar Washington Tabárez, Uruguayan football manager and former player **Mike Sheahan, Australian journalist *

** Jan Garbarek, Norwegian musician ** Gunnar Hansen, Icelandic actor (d. 2015) * March 6 ** Kiki Dee, English pop singer (''Don't Go Breaking My Heart'') ** Dick Fosbury, American high-jumper (d. 2023) ** Teru Miyamoto, Japanese author ** Rob Reiner, American actor, comedian, producer, director and activist (''All in the Family'') ** John Stossel, American journalist * March 7 – Walter Röhrl, German racing driver * March 8 ** Carole Bayer Sager, American singer, songwriter ** Michael S. Hart, American author, inventor (d. 2011) * March 9 – Ryszard Peryt, Polish conductor, librettist (d. 2019) * March 10 – Kim Campbell, Prime Minister of Canada * March 11 – Geoff Hunt, Australian squash player *

** Kalervo Palsa, Finnish artist ** Mitt Romney, American businessman, politician, Governor of Massachusetts, 2012 United States presidential election, 2012 presidential candidate, and United States Senate, US Senator (Republican Party (United States), R-Utah, UT) * March 13 – Beat Richner, Swiss pediatrician, cellist (d. 2018) *

– Ry Cooder, American guitarist * March 16 ** Baek Yoon-sik, South Korean actor ** Ramzan Paskayev, Chechen accordionist * March 17 – Yury Chernavsky, Russian-born composer, producer * March 18 – Tamara Griesser Pečar, Slovenian historian *

– Glenn Close, American actress * March 21 – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (d. 2017) * March 22 – James Patterson, American author * March 24 ** Louise Lanctôt, Canadian terrorist and writer ** Alan Sugar, English entrepreneur *

– Elton John, English singer-songwriter and composer * March 26 – Subhash Kak, Indian-American author *

** Wong Choon Wah, Malaysian footballer (d. 2014) ** César Gaviria, Colombian economist, politician and 28th President of Colombia

April

** Alain Connes, French mathematician ** Ingrid Steeger, German actress, comedian (d. 2023) ** Tzipi Shavit, Israeli actress * April 2 ** Paquita la del Barrio, Mexican singer, actress (d. 2025) ** Emmylou Harris, American singer, songwriter ** Camille Paglia, American literary critic * April 5 – Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 14th President of the Philippines, daughter of president Diosdado Macapagal * April 6 – John Ratzenberger, American actor (''Cheers'') *

– Florian Schneider, German musician (d. 2020) * April 10 – Bunny Wailer, Jamaican reggae musician (d. 2021) * April 12 ** Tom Clancy, American author (d. 2013) ** David Letterman, American talk show host * April 13 – Mike Chapman, Australian-born songwriter, record producer *

– Lois Chiles, American actress *

** Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, African-American basketball player, actor (''Airplane!'') ** Gerry Rafferty, Scottish singer-songwriter ("Baker Street (song), Baker Street") (d. 2011) *

** Kathy Acker, American author (d. 1997) ** Jerzy Stuhr, Polish actor, director ** James Woods, American actor * April 19 – Murray Perahia, American pianist *

** Daud Ibrahim, Malaysian cyclist (d. 2010) ** Hector (musician), Hector, Finnish rock musician * April 21 – Iggy Pop, American rock musician * April 24 – Josep Borrell, Spanish minister, Member of the European Parliament, MEP and High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, EU High Representative * April 25 ** Johan Cruyff, Dutch footballer and coach (d. 2016) ** Jeffrey DeMunn, American actor * April 27 – Pete Ham, Welsh rock singer-songwriter and guitarist (suicide 1975) * April 29 ** Olavo de Carvalho, Brazilian journalist, essayist and professor of philosophy ** Tommy James, American rock singer, producer * April 30 – Malini Fonseka, Sri Lankan actress, filmmaker and politician (d. 2025)

May

– Jacob Bekenstein, Mexico-born Israeli-American theoretical physicist (d. 2015) * May 4 – Theda Skocpol, American sociologist * May 5 – Malam Bacai Sanhá, Guinea-Bissau politician (d. 2012) * May 6 – Martha Nussbaum, American philosopher * May 8 – H. Robert Horvitz, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine * May 9 – Yukiya Amano, Japanese international civil servant (d. 2019) * May 10 – Caroline B. Cooney, American author *

** Walter Selke, German physicist ** Butch Trucks, American drummer (''The Allman Brothers Band'') (d. 2017) * May 12 – Michael Ignatieff, Canadian politician, philosopher and historian * May 13 – Stephen R. Donaldson, American novelist * May 14 ** José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha, Colombian drug lord (d. 1989) ** Tamara Dobson, African-American actress, fashion model (d. 2006) ** Ana Martín, Mexican actress, singer, producer and former model (Miss Mexico Organization, Miss Mexico 1963) * May 15 – Muhyiddin Yassin, Prime Minister of Malaysia * May 18 – John Bruton, 10th Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 2024) * May 19 – Paul Brady, Northern Irish singer, songwriter * May 21 – Lolit Solis, Filipina talent manager (host of ''Startalk (Philippine TV series), Startalk'', ''CelebriTV'') * May 24 – Maude Barlow, Canadian author, activist and National Chairperson of The Council of Canadians * May 26 – Glenn Turner, New Zealand Captain (cricket), cricket captain * May 27 ** Peter DeFazio, American politician ** Branko Oblak, Slovenian football player and coach * May 28 – Pedro Giachino, Argentine Navy officer (d. 1982)

June

Official Portrait of Lord Blunkett crop 1

* June 1 ** Jonathan Pryce, Welsh actor ** Ronnie Wood, English rock musician (''Faces (band), The Faces'', ''The Rolling Stones'') * June 2 – Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, Punjabi saint, Sikh theologian, military leader (d. 1984) * June 3 – Dave Alexander (musician), Dave Alexander, American musician (d. 1975) * June 4 – Viktor Klima, Chancellor of Austria *

** Laurie Anderson, American experimental performance artist, composer and musician ** Jojon, Indonesian comedian, actor (d. 2014) * June 6 ** David Blunkett, British politician ** Robert Englund, American actor (''V (1983 miniseries), V'', ''A Nightmare on Elm Street'') ** Tapani Hyvönen, Finnish designer and business founderTaskinen, Rita: ''Suomalainen Design From Finland, Kuka kukin on, Who’s Who in Finnish Design''. Helsinki: Ornamo 1992, ** Ada Kok, Dutch swimmer * June 8 – Eric F. Wieschaus, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine * June 9 ** Françoise Demulder, French war photographer (d. 2008) ** Robert Indermaur, Swiss painter and sculptor *

– Ken Singleton, American baseball player *

** Alain Aspect, French quantum physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics ** John Hoagland, American war photographer (d. 1984) * June 19 ** Paula Koivuniemi, Finnish singer ** Salman Rushdie, Indian-born British author (''The Satanic Verses'') * June 20 – Candy Clark, American actress *

** Rachel Adato, Israeli gynecologist, lawyer and politician ** Shirin Ebadi, Iranian activist, Nobel Peace Prize recipient ** Fernando Savater, Spanish philosopher, author * June 22 ** Bruno Latour, French philosopher, anthropologist and sociologist (d. 2022) ** Natalya Varley, Soviet, Russian film, theater actress ** Murray Webb, New Zealand caricature artist, test cricketer ** David Jones (golfer), David Jones, Northern Irish European Tour golfer ** Octavia E. Butler, American author (d. 2006) ** Trevor Blades, English cricketer ** Pete Maravich, American basketball player (d. 1988) ** Jerry John Rawlings, 2-time President of Ghana (d. 2020) *

** Bryan Brown, Australian actor ** Thor Hansen, Norwegian-born professional poker player (d. 2018) *

** Mick Fleetwood, British musician (''Fleetwood Mac'') ** Helena Vondráčková, Czech singer ** Peter Weller, American actor and director * June 25 – Jimmie Walker, African-American actor (''Good Times (TV series), Good Times'') * June 26 – Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Afghan politician * June 27 ** Hans Ooft, Dutch football player, manager ** Abdel Djaadaoui, Algerian footballer * June 29 – David Chiang, Hong Kong actor * June 30 – Jean-Yves Le Drian, French minister

July

Larry David at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival 2

** Marc Benno, American singer, songwriter and guitarist ** Arantxa Urretabizkaia, Basque writer, screenwriter and actress ** Sharad Yadav, Indian politician * July 2 – Larry David, American actor, writer, producer and director (''Curb Your Enthusiasm'') * July 3 ** Betty Buckley, American actress, singer ** Mike Burton (swimmer), Mike Burton, American swimmer ** Rob Rensenbrink, Dutch football player (d. 2020) ** Jana Švandová, Czech actress * July 4 ** Francisco Fernández de Cevallos, Mexican politician ** Eva Goës, Swedish politician ** Carla Panerai, Italian sprinter * July 5 – Toos Beumer, Dutch swimmer *

– Shelley Hack, American model, actress, producer, political and media advisor * July 7 ** Richard Beckinsale, English actor (d. 1979) ** King Gyanendra of Nepal ** Felix Standaert, Belgian diplomat *

** Haruomi Hosono, Japanese musician (Yellow Magic Orchestra) ** O. J. Simpson, African-American football player and actor (d. 2024) * July 10 ** Allen Fong, Hong Kong film director ** Arlo Guthrie, American folk singer ("Alice's Restaurant") *

– Riad Ismat, Syrian writer, critic and theatre director * July 12 ** Gareth Edwards (rugby union), Gareth Edwards, Welsh rugby union player **Wilko Johnson, English rock musician (d. 2022) ** Lenka Termerová, Czech actress * July 14 – Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius * July 15 – Roky Erickson, American singer-songwriter (d. 2019) * July 16 ** Roelf Meyer, South African politician, businessman ** Alexis Herman, American political figure and social worker (d. 2025) *

– Queen Camilla, Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms since 2022 as the wife of Charles III *

– Brian May, English rock guitarist (Queen (band), Queen) * July 20 ** Gerd Binnig, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate ** Carlos Santana, Mexican-born rock guitarist * July 21 – Co Adriaanse, Dutch football manager * July 22 ** Albert Brooks, American actor, comedian, director, and novelist ** Erica Gavin, American actress ** Don Henley, American singer, songwriter and musician * July 24 – Peter Serkin, American classical pianist (d. 2020) * July 27 ** Bob Klein, American football player ** Kazuyoshi Miura (businessman), Kazuyoshi Miura, Japanese businessman (d. 2008) ** Giora Spiegel, Israeli footballer and coach * July 28 – Su Tseng-chang, Taiwanese politician, 41st and 50th Premier of the Republic of China * July 30 ** William Atherton, American actor ** Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, French virologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate ** Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-American actor, bodybuilder and 38th Governor of California * July 31 – Richard Griffiths, English actor (d. 2013)

August

** Lorna Goodison, Jamaican poet ** Leoluca Orlando, Italian politician * August 4 – Hubert Ingraham, Bahamian politician *

– Graham Lovett, English footballer (d. 2018) *

– Franciscus Henri, Dutch-born Australian children's entertainer, composer and artist * August 8 ** Terangi Adam, Nauruan politician ** George Costigan, British actor, screenwriter ** Ken Dryden, Canadian NHL goaltender, author and politician * August 9 – John Varley (author), John Varley, American science-fiction author * August 10 ** Ian Anderson, British rock musician (''Jethro Tull (band), Jethro Tull'') ** Drupi, Italian singer ** Anwar Ibrahim, 10th Prime Minister of Malaysia * August 11 ** Diether Krebs, German actor, cabaret artist and comedian (d. 2000) ** Wilma van den Berg, Dutch sprinter *

** Maddy Prior, English folk singer ** Danielle Steel, American romance novelist *

– Raakhee, Indian actress *

** Carol Moseley Braun, African-American politician ** Marc Messier, Canadian actor * August 17 – Mohamed Abdelaziz (Sahrawi politician), Mohamed Abdelaziz, Sahrawi politician * August 20 – José Wilker, Brazilian actor (d. 2014) * August 21 – Mary Simon, Governor General of Canada * August 22 ** Cindy Williams, American actress (''Laverne and Shirley'') (d. 2023) ** Peter Irniq, Canadian Commissioner of Nunavut *

– Willy Russell, British playwright * August 24 – Roger De Vlaeminck, Belgian cyclist * August 26 – Nicolae Dobrin, Romanian footballer (d. 2007) *

– Barbara Bach, American actress * August 28 ** Emlyn Hughes, English footballer (d. 2004) ** Liza Wang, Hong Kong actress ** Alice Playten, American actress (d. 2011) * August 29 ** James Hunt, British 1976 Formula 1 world champion (d. 1993) ** Temple Grandin, American animal welfare and autism expert ** Jah Lloyd, Jamaican reggae singer, deejay and producer (d. 1999) *

– Allan Rock, Canadian politician, diplomat *

** Ramón Castellano de Torres, Spanish painter ** Somchai Wongsawat, 26th Prime Minister of Thailand

September

* September 3 – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway * September 5 ** Danny Florencio, Filipino basketball player (d. 2018) ** Buddy Miles, African-American drummer, singer and composer (d. 2008) ** Kiyoshi Takayama, Japanese yakuza boss * September 6 ** Jane Curtin, American actress, comedian (''Saturday Night Live'') ** Bruce Rioch, Scottish footballer, coach ** Jacob Rubinovitz, Israeli scientist (d. 2018) * September 8 – Amos Biwott, Kenyan Olympic athlete * September 13 – Ajib Ahmad, Malaysian politician (d. 2011) * September 14 ** Sam Neill, British-born New Zealand actor ** Jerzy Popieluszko, Polish Roman Catholic priest and blessed (d. 1984) * September 16 – Russ Abbot, British comedian, actor and singer * September 19 – Tanith Lee, British author (d. 2015) * September 21 ** Don Felder, American musician and songwriter ** Stephen King, American writer and novelist, specializing in the horror genre * September 22 – Jo Beverley, Anglo-Canadian writer (d. 2016) * September 23 – Mary Kay Place, American actress * September 25 ** Cheryl Tiegs, American model, actress ** Cecil Womack, African-American singer, songwriter (''Womack & Womack'') (d. 2013) * September 26 – Lynn Anderson, American country music singer (d. 2015) * September 27 ** Dick Advocaat, Dutch football manager ** Meat Loaf, American rock singer, actor (d. 2022) ** Denis Lawson, Scottish actor and director * September 28 ** Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, Indonesian politician and former military officer ** Marcelo Guinle, Argentine politician (d. 2017) ** Sheikh Hasina, 10th Prime Minister of Bangladesh * September 30 ** Marc Bolan, English rock musician (d. 1977) ** Rula Lenska, English actress

October

* October 1 ** Aaron Ciechanover, Israeli biologist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner ** Stephen Collins, American actor ** Mariska Veres, Dutch singer (d. 2006) * October 2 – Ward Churchill, American author, activist * October 3 ** Alain Mucchielli, French physician ** Fred DeLuca, American entrepreneur, co-founder of ''Subway (restaurant), Subway'' (d. 2015) ** John Perry Barlow, American internet activist, writer, and lyricist (d. 2018) * October 4 – Ann Widdecombe, British politician * October 5 – Brian Johnson, English rock singer (AC/DC) * October 9 – France Gall, French singer (d. 2018) * October 13 – Sammy Hagar, American rock musician (Montrose (band), Montrose and Van Halen) * October 14 – Nikolai Volkoff, Croatian-Russian professional wrestler (d. 2018) * October 17 – Simi Garewal, Indian actress, producer, director, and talk show host * October 18 ** James H. Fallon, American neuroscientist ** Job Cohen, Dutch politician * October 19 ** Giorgio Cavazzano, Italian comics artist and illustrator ** Gunnar Staalesen, Norwegian author * October 24 – Kevin Kline, American actor * October 26 ** Hillary Clinton, American politician, First Lady of the United States, First Lady, United States Senate, US Senator (Democratic Party (United States), D-New York (state), Ny.), United States Secretary of State, Secretary of State, and 2016 Democratic Party (United States), Democratic presidential candidate ** Ene Järvis, Estonian actress * October 28 – Henri Michel, French football player and coach (d. 2018) * October 29 – Richard Dreyfuss, American actor * October 30 ** Numa Turcatti, Uruguayan law student, victim of the Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crash (d. 1972). ** Timothy B. Schmit, American musician * October 31 ** Carmen Alborch, Spanish feminist, writer and politician (d. 2018) ** Herman Van Rompuy, Belgian politician, 66th Prime Minister of Belgium

November

* November 1 ** Taizo Ichinose, Japanese war photographer (d. 1973) ** Bob Weston (guitarist), Bob Weston, British musician (d. 2012) * November 3 – Mazie Hirono, US Senator * November 5 – Rubén Juárez, Argentine bandoneonist, singer and songwriter of tango (d. 2010) * November 6 – E. Lee Spence, German-born American pioneer List of undersea explorers, underwater archaeologist, treasure hunter * November 7 ** Yutaka Fukumoto, Japanese professional baseball player ** Usha Uthup, Indian singer ** Sondhi Limthongkul, Thai journalist, writer and founder of ''Manager Daily'' ** Sefi Rivlin, Israeli actor, footballer and comedian (d. 2013) * November 8 – Minnie Riperton, African-American singer (d. 1979) * November 10 ** Glen Buxton, American rock guitarist (d. 1997) ** Greg Lake, English musician, producer (King Crimson, Emerson, Lake & Palmer) (d. 2016) * November 12 – Carlos Ezquerra, Spanish comics artist (d. 2018) * November 13 – Joe Mantegna, American actor, producer and director * November 14 – P. J. O'Rourke, American journalist, satirist (d. 2022) * November 15 ** Steven G. Kellman, American author, critic ** Bill Richardson, American politician and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2023) * November 17 ** Will Vinton, American animator, filmmaker (d. 2018) ** Inky Mark, Canadian politician * November 18 ** Lim Boon Heng, Singaporean politician ** Ali Bakar, Malaysian football player (d. 2003) * November 19 – Anfinn Kallsberg, Faroese Prime Minister (d. 2024) * November 20 ** Joe Walsh, American rock singer, songwriter and guitarist ** Nurlan Balgimbayev, Kazakh politician (d. 2015) * November 21 ** Alcione Nazareth, Alcione, Brazilian singer ** Nickolas Grace, British actor ** Chua Ek Kay, Singaporean painter (d. 2008) * November 22 – Terje Rød-Larsen, Norwegian diplomat, politician and sociologist *November 24 – Dwight Schultz, American actor (''The A-Team'') * November 25 – John Larroquette, American actor (''Night Court'') * November 29 – Mirza Khazar, Azerbaijani author * November 30 ** Sergio Badilla Castillo, Chilean poet ** Stuart Baird, English film editor, producer and director ** Véronique Le Flaguais, Canadian actress ** David Mamet, American playwright ** Moses Nagamootoo, 8th Prime Minister of Guyana

December

* December 1 – Bob Fulton, English-Australian rugby league player (d. 2021) * December 2 – Isaac Bitton, French rock drummer * December 6 – Romildo Ribeiro Soares, Brazilian televangelist, missionary, author, singer, businessman and composer * December 7 ** Oliver Dragojević, Croatian singer (d. 2018) ** Johnny Bench, American baseball player ** Wendy Padbury, British actress ** Jeff Maxwell, American actor (''M*A*S*H (TV series), M*A*S*H'') * December 8 ** Gregg Allman, American singer, songwriter and musician (d. 2017) ** Gérard Blanc, French singer ** Thomas R. Cech, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate * December 9 – Tom Daschle, U.S. Senator * December 10 – Rainer Seifert, German field hockey player * December 12 ** Will Alsop, English architect ** Carmen Zuleta, Venezuelan judge * December 14 ** Christopher Parkening, American guitarist ** Dilma Rousseff, 36th President of Brazil * December 16 ** Ben Cross, English actor (d. 2020) ** Vincent Matthews (athlete), Vincent Matthews, American athlete ** Trevor Żahra, Maltese novelist, poet and illustrator * December 18 – Leonid Yuzefovich, Russian crime fiction writer * December 21 – Paco de Lucía, Spanish guitarist (d. 2014) * December 22 ** Mitsuo Tsukahara, Japanese gymnast ** Porfirio Lobo, 54th President of Honduras * December 25 – Pepe Smith, Filipino rock musician (d. 2019) * December 28 – Aurelio Rodríguez, Mexican

player (d. 2000) * December 29 ** Ted Danson, American actor (''Cheers'') ** Cozy Powell, English drummer (d. 1998) * December 30 – Jeff Lynne, British musician (Electric Light Orchestra) * December 31 ** Rita Lee, Brazilian rock singer, composer (d. 2023) ** Tim Matheson, American actor, film director and producer ** Burton Cummings, Canadian musician

Date unknown

* Marouf al-Bakhit, twice Prime Minister of Jordan

Deaths

January

* January 3 – Al Herpin, French-born American insomniac, "The Man Who Never Slept" (b. 1862) * January 9 ** Herman Bing, German actor (b. 1889) ** Karl Mannheim, Hungarian sociologist (b. 1893) *

** Arthur E. Andersen, American accountant (b. 1885) ** Hanns Sachs, Austrian psychoanalyst (b. 1881) * January 11 – Eva Tanguay, Canadian-born vaudeville performer (b. 1878) * January 12 ** Zdenko Blažeković, Yugoslavian politician (b. 1915) ** Júlio Afrânio Peixoto, Brazilian physician, writer, politician and historian (b. 1876) ** Rosa Smith Eigenmann, American ichthyologist (b. 1858) * January 13 ** Sixto María Durán Cárdenas, Ecuadorian pianist, composer and lawyer (b. 1875) ** Ignazio Lupo, Italian-born American gangster (b. 1877) * January 14 ** Bill Hewitt (American football), Bill Hewitt, American football player (Chicago Bears), Pro Football Hall of Fame member (b. 1909) ** Black Dahlia, Elizabeth Short (Black Dahlia), American murder victim (b. 1924) * January 17 – Hryhoriy Khomyshyn, Ukrainian Roman Catholic bishop, martyr and blessed (b. 1867) * January 18 – Maria Giovanna Fasce, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed, Augustinians, Augustinian nun and blessed (b. 1881) *

– Manuel Machado (poet and playwright), Manuel Machado, Spanish poet (b. 1874) * January 20 ** Josh Gibson, African-American baseball player, MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1911) ** Andrew Volstead, American politician (b. 1860) * January 22 – Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot, British writer (b. 1888) * January 23 ** Pierre Bonnard, French painter (b. 1867) ** Roy Geiger, American general (b. 1885) *

– August Meyszner, Austrian-born SS officer (executed) (b. 1886) * January 25 – Al Capone, American gangster (b. 1899) *

, American opera singer, actress (b. 1898) ** Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten (b. 1906) ** Gerrit Johannes Geysendorffer, Dutch aviation pioneer (b. 1892) * January 27 – Vassily Balabanov, Soviet administrator, Provincial Governor of Imperial Russia (b. 1873) * January 28 – Reynaldo Hahn, Venezuelan-born French composer (b. 1874) * January 30 – Frederick Blackman, British plant physiologist (b.1866)

February

– Petar Živković, Yugoslav politician, 11th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1879) * February 6 ** O. Max Gardner, Governor of North Carolina (b. 1882) ** Luigi Russolo, Italian Futurism, Futurist painter, composer (b. 1885) * February 11 ** Martin Klein (wrestler), Martin Klein, Estonian wrestler (b. 1884) ** Ernest Terah Hooley, English fraudster (b. 1859) *

** Kurt Lewin, German-born American psychologist (b. 1890) ** Sidney Toler, American actor (b. 1874) * February 14 – Celestina Boninsegna, Italian soprano (b. 1877) * February 15 – Mustafa Abdel-Razek, Egyptian Islamic philosopher (b. 1885) * February 16 ** Pedro de Répide Gallegos, Spanish journalist, writer (b. 1853) ** Bertha Schwarz, German soprano (b. 1855) * February 18 ** Valentina Dmitryeva, Soviet writer, teacher and doctor (b. 1859) ** Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt (b. 1901) * February 19 – James W. Bagley, American aerial photographer, topographic engineer and inventor (b. 1881) *

** Henry Herbert (actor), Henry Herbert, British actor (b. 1879) ** Viktor Gutić, Croatian fascist official (b. 1901) *

– Hakim Habibur Rahman, Indian physician, writer, journalist and politician (b. 1881) * February 24 ** Morinosuke Chiwaki, Japanese dentist (b. 1870) ** Pierre Janet, French psychologist (b. 1859) * February 26 ** Antonino D'Agata, Italian politician (b. 1882) ** Heinrich Häberlin, Swiss politician, president of the Federal Council (b. 1868) ** Ben Webster (actor), Ben Webster, British-born American actor (b. 1864) * February 27 – Heinrich Häberlin, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1868)

March

* March 2 – Whately Carington, British parapsychologist (b. 1892) * March 5 – Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (b. 1883) * March 9 ** Carrie Chapman Catt, American suffrage leader (b. 1859) ** Jhaverchand Meghani, Indian poet, writer (b. 1897) ** Evripidis Bakirtzis, Hellenic Army officer and Greek politician (b. 1895) * March 11 **Victor Lustig, Austrian-born con artist (b. 1890) **Wilhelm Heye, German general (b. 1869) *

– Walter Samuel Goodland, Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1862) *

** Jean-Richard Bloch, French critic, novelist and playwright (b. 1884) * March 17 – Taixu, Chinese Buddhist activist (b. 1890) * March 18 – William C. Durant, American automobile pioneer (b. 1861) *

** James A. Gilmore, American businessman and baseball executive (b. 1887) ** Prudence Heward, Canadian painter (b. 1896) * March 20 – Victor Goldschmidt, Swiss geochemist (b. 1888) * March 21 – Homer Lusk Collyer, American hermit brother (''Collyer brothers'') (b. 1881) * March 23 ** Archduchess Louise of Austria, Archduchess Louise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany (b. 1870) ** Ferdinand Zecca, French actor, producer, director and screenwriter (b. 1864) *

– Chen Cheng-po, Taiwanese painter (b. 1895) *

** Johnny Evers, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs), MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1881) ** Karol Świerczewski, Polish military leader (b. 1897) *

– Manuel de Adalid y Gamero, Honduran composer (b. 1872)

April

– King George II of Greece (b. 1890) * April 5 – Petro Trad, Lebanese lawyer, politician, 14th Prime Minister of Lebanon and 5th President of Lebanon (b. 1876) *

** Henry Ford, American industrialist, automobile manufacturer (b. 1863) ** Savvas the New of Kalymnos, Greek Orthodox priest and saint (b. 1862) * April 8 – Collyer brothers, Langley Collyer, American hermit brother (b. 1885) *

– William Foden, American composer (b. 1860) * April 10 ** Charles Bally, Swiss linguist (b. 1865) ** John Ince (actor), John Ince, American actor (b. 1878) * April 12 – Duke Robert of Württemberg (b. 1873) * April 14 – Ayoub Tabet, 6th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1884) *

– Georg Friederici, German ethnologist (b. 1866) *

** Guido Donegani, Italian engineer, businessman and politician (b. 1877) ** Rudolf Höss, German commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp (executed) (b. 1900) * April 17 – Izso Glickstein, American musician (b. 1889) *

– Jozef Tiso, Slovak politician, Roman Catholic priest, 1st Prime Minister of Slovakia and President of Slovakia (b. 1887) *

**King Christian X of Denmark (b. 1870) ** Louis R. de Steiguer, American admiral (b. 1867) * April 21 – Heitor da Silva Costa, Brazilian engineer, designer and constructor (b. 1873) * April 23 – Gyula Károlyi, Hungarian politician, 29th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1871) * April 24 – Willa Cather, American novelist (b. 1873) * April 25 ** José María Reina Andrade, acting president of Guatemala (b. 1860) ** Ana Cumpănaș, Austro-Hungarian prostitute (b. 1889) * April 26 – Francesco Paolo Finocchiaro, Italian painter (b. 1868) * April 29 **Gheorghe Ciuhandu (priest), Gheorghie Ciuhandu, Romanian Orthodox priest, theologian, historian and advocate (b. 1875) ** Irving Fisher, American economist (b. 1867) * April 30 ** Francesc Cambó, Andorran politician (b. 1876) ** Almroth WSir Almroth Wright, British bacteriologist and immunologist (b. 1861)

May

* May 8 – Harry Gordon Selfridge, American department store magnate (b. 1858) *

– Frederic Goudy, American printer, artist and type designer (b. 1865) * May 13 – Sukanta Bhattacharya, Bengali poet (b. 1926) * May 15 – Miguel Abadía Méndez, Colombian politician, 12th President of Colombia (b. 1867) * May 16 ** Frederick Gowland Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, British biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1861) ** Kalle Hakala, Finnish politician (b. 1880) ** Michael Joseph Curley, American Roman Catholic bishop and reverend (b. 1879) ** Zhang Lingfu, Chinese general of the National Revolutionary Army (b. 1903) * May 17 ** George Forbes (New Zealand politician), George Forbes, 22nd Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1869) ** Seabiscuit, thoroughbred racehorse (b. 1933) * May 18 – Lucile Gleason, American actress (b. 1888) * May 20 – Philipp Lenard, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862) * May 23 – Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz, Swiss writer (b. 1878) * May 28 – August Eigruber, Nazi war criminal (executed) (b. 1907) *

– Georg Ludwig von Trapp, Austrian sailor, patriarch of the Von Trapp Family of ''The Sound of Music'' fame (b. 1880) *

– Adrienne Ames, American actress (b. 1907)

June

* June 6 ** S. H. Dudley (singer), S. H. Dudley, American urban singer (b. 1864) ** Władysław Raczkiewicz, Polish politician, lawyer, diplomat and 5th

(b. 1885) ** José Marques da Silva, Portuguese architect (b. 1869) * June 9 ** Augusto Giacometti, Italian painter (b. 1877) ** J. Warren Kerrigan, American actor (b. 1879) *

– Richard Hönigswald, Hungarian-born American philosopher (b. 1875) * June 14 – Albert Marquet, French painter (b. 1875) * June 17 – Maxwell Perkins, American literary editor (b. 1884) * June 18 **Alfred Allen (actor), Alfred Allen, American actor (b. 1866) ** Richard Cooper (actor), Richard Cooper, British actor (b. 1893) ** Shigematsu Sakaibara, Japanese rear admiral, convicted war criminal (executed) (b. 1898) **John Henry Patterson (author), John Henry Patteron, Anglo-Irish soldier, hunter and author (b. 1867) * June 19 – Kōsō Abe, Japanese admiral, convicted war criminal (executed) (b. 1892) * June 20 – Bugsy Siegel, American gangster (assassinated) (b. 1906) *

– Bartolomeo Pagano, Bartolome Pagano, Italian actor (b. 1878) * June 26 – R. B. Bennett, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1870) * June 28 – Franciszek Mączyński, Polish architect (b. 1874)

July

* July 7 – José Luis Tamayo, 20th President of Ecuador (b. 1858) * July 12 – Jimmie Lunceford, American jazz musician (b. 1902) * July 13 – George Francis Davis, New Zealand born Australian industrialist (b. 1883) * July 15 ** Brandon Hurst, American stage, screen veteran (b. 1866) ** Henry Kolker, American actor (b. 1874) *

** Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat, humanitarian (presumed dead on this date) (b. 1912) ** Prince Sisowath Youtevong, 4th Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1913) *

– Fumio Hayashi (doctor), Fumio Hayashi, Japanese physician (b. 1900) *

–

, Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1915) * July 21 – Patriarch Yousef VI Emmanuel II Thomas (b. 1852) * July 23 ** Alice Fischer (actress), Alice Fischer, American actress (b. 1869) ** Ángel Roffo, Argentine doctor (b. 1882) *

– Archbishop Leontios of Cyprus (b. 1896) *

** Leo Stein, American art collector, critic (b. 1872) ** George Bausewine, American baseball player, umpire (b. 1869) * July 30 ** Joseph Cook, Sir Joseph Cook, 6th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860) ** Fedir Krychevsky, Ukrainian painter (b. 1879)

August

* August – Teresa Magbanua, Filipino general (b. 1868) * August 3 ** José Pardo y Barreda, Peruvian politician, 51st Prime Minister of Peru and 2-time President of Peru (b. 1864) ** Vic Willis, American baseball player (Boston Braves (baseball), Boston Braves), MLB Hall of Fame member (b. 1876) *

– Anton Denikin, Russian military leader (b. 1872) * August 9 – Carlo Romanelli, Italian sculptor (b. 1872) * August 10 – Antonio Sciortino, Maltese sculptor (b. 1879) *

– Claudio Granzotto, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1900) * August 17 – Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke (b. 1865) * August 21 – Ettore Bugatti, Italian car designer, founder of Bugatti (b. 1881) *

– Hasmik (actress), Hasmik, Soviet actress (b. 1878) * August 29 ** Manolete, Spanish bullfighter (gored) (b. 1917) ** Kōtarō Nakamura, Imperial Japanese Army general (b. 1881)

September

* September 1 – Frederick Russell Burnham, American Scout, father of the international Scouting movement (b. 1861) * September 8 – Victor Horta, Belgian Art Nouveau architect (b. 1861) *

** Ananda Coomaraswamy, Ceylonese-born American philosopher (b. 1877) ** Mary Willie Arvin, American nurse (b. 1879) * September 10 – Hatazō Adachi, Japanese general (suicide) (b. 1890) * September 11 **Robert Lee Bullard, American general (b. 1861) **Alice Keppel, mistress of Edward VII (b. 1868) * September 20 **Fiorello H. La Guardia, Mayor of New York (b. 1882) **Jantina Tammes, Dutch plant biologist (b. 1871) * September 21 ** Harry Carey (actor), Harry Carey, American film actor (b. 1878) ** Vasily Glagolev, Soviet general (b. 1896) * September 26 – Hugh Lofting, British-born writer (b. 1886) * September 27 – Luigi Barlassina, Patriarch of Jerusalem (b. 1872)

October

* October 1 ** Olive Borden, American actress (b. 1907) ** Gregorio Martinez Sierra, Spanish writer, poet, dramatist and director (b. 1881) * October 2 – P. D. Ouspensky, Soviet mathematician (b. 1878) * October 3 ** Ernest L. Riebau, American politician (b. 1895) ** Traian Brăileanu, Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian sociologist and politician (b. 1882) * October 4 – Max Planck, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1858) * October 6 – Leevi Madetoja, Finnish composer (b. 1887) * October 7 – Arshak Fetvadjian, Armenian artist, painter and designer (b. 1866) * October 10 – Jo Mora, Uruguayan-born American cartoonist (b. 1876) * October 12 ** James Farley (actor), James Farley, American actor (b. 1882) ** Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton, Sir Ian Hamilton, British general (b. 1853) * October 13 – Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, British economist, social reformer (b. 1859) * October 15 – Osmond Brock, British Royal Navy officer (b. 1869) * October 16 – Anna B. Eckstein, German peace campaigner (b. 1868) * October 17 – John Halliday (actor), John Halliday, American actor (b. 1880) * October 18 ** Harry C. Bradley (actor), Harry C. Bradley, American actor (b. 1869) ** Massimo Terzano, Italian cinematographer (b. 1892) ** Murder of Gay Gibson, Gay Gibson, British actress and murder victim (b. 1926) * October 20 – Albert Howard, Sir Albert Howard, English botanist and organic farming pioneer (b. 1873) * October 23 ** Carl Shelton, American gangster (b. 1888) ** Martin Fiebig, German Luftwaffe general convicted of war crimes (b. 1891) * October 24 – Dudley Digges (actor), Dudley Digges, Irish actor (b. 1879) * October 27 – María Teresalina Sánchez, Spanish Franciscan religious sister, missionary and martyr (b. 1918) * October 29 – Frances Cleveland, First Lady of the United States (b. 1864) * October 30 – John Joseph Cantwell, Irish-born American prelate of the Catholic Church (b. 1874)

November

* November 1 – Óscar Castro Zúñiga, Chilean writer and poet (b. 1910) * November 3 ** John Gilbert Winant, American diplomat and politician (b. 1889) ** A. C. Cuza, Romanian politician and economist (b. 1857) * November 7 ** Sándor Garbai, Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1879) ** William Ernest Cooke, Australian astronomer (b. 1863) * November 8 ** Mariano Benlliure, Spanish sculptor (b. 1862) ** Constantin Sănătescu, Romanian general, statesman and 44th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1885) * November 14 – Verena Conzett, Swiss magazine publisher and labor and women's rights activist (b. 1861) * November 15 – Eduard Ritter von Schleich, German fighter ace, air force general (b. 1888) * November 16 – Giuseppe Volpi, Italian businessman, politician (b. 1877) * November 17 – Josaphat Kotsylovsky, Ukrainian Roman Catholic bishop, martyr and blessed (b. 1876) * November 20 ** Georg Kolbe, German sculptor (b. 1877) ** Wolfgang Borchert, German author and playwright (b. 1921) * November 26 – Ernie Adams (actor), Ernie Adams, American actor (b. 1885) * November 28 ** W. E. Lawrence, American actor (b. 1896) ** Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, French general (b. 1902) * November 30 – Ernst Lubitsch, German film director (b. 1892)

December

* December 1 ** Aleister Crowley, British occultist (b. 1875) ** G. H. Hardy, British mathematician (b. 1877) ** Sir John Fraser, 1st Baronet, of Tain, British surgeon and professor (b. 1885) * December 2 – Franz Xaver Schwarz, German Nazi politician (executed) (b. 1875) * December 3 – Heinrich Hetsch, German physician, microbiologist (b. 1873) * December 4 ** Margaret Butler (sculptor), Margaret Butler, New Zealand sculptor (b. 1883) ** Walter Walker (actor), Walter Walker, American actor (b. 1864) * December 6 – Tadashige Daigo, Japanese admiral (executed) (b. 1891) * December 7 ** Tristan Bernard, French writer, lawyer (b. 1866) ** Nicholas Murray Butler, American president of Columbia University, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1862) ** Henry Page Croft, 1st Baron Croft, British politician (b. 1881) * December 9 – John Kelly (actor), John Kelly, American actor (b. 1901) * December 10 – Pierre Petit de Julleville, French Roman Catholic priest, bishop and eminence (b. 1876) * December 12 – Huda Sha'arawi, Egyptian feminist (b. 1879) * December 13 ** Nicholas Roerich, Russian painter (b. 1874) ** Juan Bautista Vargas Arreola, Mexican general during Mexican Revolution (b. 1890) * December 14 ** Stanley Baldwin, British Conservative politician, 3-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1867) ** Edward Higgins, General of The Salvation Army (b. 1864) * December 15 – Arthur Machen, British writer (b. 1863) * December 16 – Walter Dew, British Metropolitan Police officer (b. 1863) * December 17 ** Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted, Danish chemist (b. 1879) ** Christos Tsigiridis, Greek engineer (b. 1877) ** Bernard Spilsbury, British pathologist (b. 1877) * December 20 ** Benigno Aquino Sr., Filipino politician (b. 1894) ** Luigi Chiarelli, Italian playwright (b. 1880) * December 23 – Ziauddin Ahmad, Indian educationalist and politician (b. 1878) * December 25 – Gaspar G. Bacon, Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1886) * December 27 – Johannes Winkler, German rocket pioneer (b. 1897) * December 28 – King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (b. 1869) * December 30 ** Han van Meegeren, Dutch painter, forger (b. 1889) ** Alfred North Whitehead, British mathematician, philosopher (b. 1861) * December 31 – Louise Beaudet, Canadian actress, singer and dancer (b. 1859)

Date unknown

* Ayoub Tabet, 6th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1884) * Mariette Leslie Cotton, American artist (b. 1866) * Gustaf Erikson, Finnish ship-owner (b. 1872) * Mari Gerekmezyan, one of Turkey's first female sculptors and the first female Armenian sculptor (b. 1913)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Edward Victor Appleton * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Robert Robinson (organic chemist), Sir Robert Robinson * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Carl Ferdinand Cori, Gerty Cori, Bernardo Houssay * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – André Gide * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – The Friends Service Council (UK) and The American Friends Service Committee (USA), on behalf of the Religious Society of Friends

References

External links

Pathe newsreel, 1947. Experimental snowplough. Pathe says 'Grantham' but the station name 'Dowlais top' in Wales can be clearly seen
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(archived 31 May 2010)

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Stories from the winter of 1947
on Flickr {{DEFAULTSORT:1947 1947,