Events

January–February

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. *1156 – Finnish peasant Lalli kills English clergyman Henry (bishop of Finland), Henry, the Bishop of Turku, on the ice of Köyliönjärvi, Lake Köyli� ...

– The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King

Edward VIII Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972), later known as the Duke of Windsor, was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire, and Emperor of India, from 20 January ...

, following the death of his father,

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936. George w ...

, at

Sandringham House Sandringham House is a country house in the parish of Sandringham, Norfolk, England. It is one of the royal residences of Charles III, whose grandfather, George VI, and great-grandfather, George V, both died there. The house stands in a est ...

. *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...

– State funeral of George V of the United Kingdom. After a procession through London, he is buried at

St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle St George's Chapel, formally titled The King's Free Chapel of the College of St George, Windsor Castle, at Windsor Castle in England is a castle chapel built in the late-medieval Perpendicular Gothic style. It is a Royal peculiar, Royal Peculia ...

. *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

–

Radium Radium is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in alkaline earth metal, group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure radium is silvery-white, ...

E (bismuth-210) becomes the first

radioactive Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is conside ...

element to be made synthetically. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...

– The IV Olympic Winter Games open in

Garmisch-Partenkirchen Garmisch-Partenkirchen (; ) is an Northern Limestone Alps, Alpine mountain resort, ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district), district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated ...

, Germany. *

February 10 Events Pre-1600 * 1258 – The Siege of Baghdad ends with the surrender of the last Abbasid caliph to Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire. * 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bru ...

– 19 –

Second Italo-Ethiopian War The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, also referred to as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, was a war of aggression waged by Fascist Italy, Italy against Ethiopian Empire, Ethiopia, which lasted from October 1935 to February 1937. In Ethiopia it is oft ...

: Battle of Amba Aradam – Italian forces gain a decisive tactical victory, effectively neutralizing the army of the

Ethiopian Empire The Ethiopian Empire, historically known as Abyssinia or simply Ethiopia, was a sovereign state that encompassed the present-day territories of Ethiopia and Eritrea. It existed from the establishment of the Solomonic dynasty by Yekuno Amlak a ...

. *

February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battl ...

–

1936 Spanish general election Legislative elections were held in Spain on 16 February 1936. At stake were all 473 seats in the unicameral Cortes Generales. The winners of the 1936 elections were the Popular Front, a left-wing coalition of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Par ...

: The left-wing Popular Front coalition takes a majority. *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 * 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 320 – Chandragupta ...

– February 26 Incident (二・二六事件, ''Niniroku Jiken''): The

Imperial Way Faction The ''Kōdōha'' or was a political faction in the Imperial Japanese Army active in the 1920s and 1930s. The ''Kōdōha'' sought to establish a military government that promoted totalitarian, militaristic and aggressive imperialist ideals, an ...

engineers a failed coup against the Japanese government; some politicians are killed.

March–April

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

– Construction of

Hoover Dam The Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado, Black Canyon of the Colorado River (U.S.), Colorado River, on the border between the U.S. states of Nevada and Arizona. Constructed between 1931 and 1936, d ...

is completed in the United States. *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...

– In violation of the

Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919. As the most important treaty of World War I, it ended the state of war between Germany and most of the Allies of World War I, Allied Powers. It was signed in the Palace ...

and

Locarno Treaties The Locarno Treaties, known collectively as the Locarno Pact, were seven post-World War I agreements negotiated amongst Germany, France, Great Britain, Belgium, Italy, Second Polish Republic, Poland and First Czechoslovak Republic, Czechoslovak ...

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

reoccupies the Rhineland.

Hitler Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his suicide in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the lea ...

and other Nazis later admit that the French army alone could have destroyed the

Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the German Army (1935–1945), ''Heer'' (army), the ''Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmac ...

. *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, Posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the Annals of Quedlinburg, annals of the mo ...

– Pro-democratic militarist Keisuke Okada steps down as

Prime Minister of Japan The is the head of government of Japan. The prime minister chairs the Cabinet of Japan and has the ability to select and dismiss its ministers of state. The prime minister also serves as the commander-in-chief of the Japan Self-Defense Force ...

and is replaced by radical militarist

Kōki Hirota was a Japanese diplomat and politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1936 to 1937. Originally his name was . He was executed for war crimes committed during the Second Sino-Japanese War at the Tokyo Trials. Early life Hirota was ...

. *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman R ...

– Austrian

Josef Bradl Josef "Sepp" / "Bubi" Bradl (8 January 1918 – 3 March 1982) was an Austrian ski jumper who competed during the 1930s and 1950s. He was born in Wasserburg am Inn, Bavaria. Career on 15 March 1936, he became the first man in history to stan ...

sets the men's world record ski jump at 101.5 metres (333 ft) on Bloudkova velikanka hill in

Planica Planica () is an Alpine valley in northwestern Slovenia, extending south from the border village of Rateče, not far from another well-known ski resort, Kranjska Gora. Further south, the valley extends into the Tamar Valley, a popular hikin ...

and becomes the first man in history to stand jump over one hundred metres. *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...

– A tornado hits

Tupelo, Mississippi Tupelo ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Lee County, Mississippi, United States. Founded in 1860, the population was 37,923 at the United States Census, 2020, 2020 census. It is the List of municipalities in Mississippi, 7th-most populous ...

, United States, killing 216 people and injuring over 700 (the 4th deadliest tornado in U.S. history). *

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guisca ...

– The Tulkarm shooting, followed by Jewish retaliation, begins the

1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine A popular uprising by Palestinian Arabs in Mandatory Palestine against the British administration, later known as the Great Revolt, the Great Palestinian Revolt, or the Palestinian Revolution, lasted from 1936 until 1939. The movement sought i ...

against British administration, and stokes opposition to Jewish immigration.

May–June

May 5 Events Pre-1600 * 553 – The Second Council of Constantinople begins. * 1215 – Rebel barons renounce their allegiance to King John of England — part of a chain of events leading to the signing of the Magna Carta. * 1260 – ...

– ''

March of the Iron Will The March of the Iron Will () was an Italian offensive occurring from 26 April to 5 May 1936, during the final days of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Its goal was to capture the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa, in a show of force f ...

'': Italian forces occupy

Addis Ababa Addis Ababa (; ,) is the capital city of Ethiopia, as well as the regional state of Oromia. With an estimated population of 2,739,551 inhabitants as of the 2007 census, it is the largest city in the country and the List of cities in Africa b ...

unopposed. *

May 7 Events Pre-1600 * 351 – The Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus breaks out after his arrival at Antioch. * 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses, twenty years after its construction. Justinian I im ...

– Italy annexes

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

. *

May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. * 1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. * 1386 – England and Portugal formall ...

– Speaking in

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who, upon assuming office as Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister, became the dictator of Fascist Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 un ...

announces the foundation of the empire, as

Italian East Africa Italian East Africa (, A.O.I.) was a short-lived colonial possession of Fascist Italy from 1936 to 1941 in the Horn of Africa. It was established following the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, which led to the military occupation of the Ethiopian ...

is formed from the Italian territories of

Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...

and

Italian Somaliland Italian Somaliland (; ; ) was a protectorate and later colony of the Kingdom of Italy in present-day Somalia, which was ruled in the 19th century by the Sultanate of Hobyo and the Majeerteen Sultanate in the north, and by the Hiraab Imamate and ...

. *

May 12 Events Pre-1600 * 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism. * 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the ...

– The Santa Fe railroad in the United States inaugurates the all-Pullman ''

Super Chief The ''Super Chief'' was one of the List of named passenger trains, named train, passenger trains and the flagship of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. The then-modern streamliner was touted in its heyday as "The Train of the Stars" b ...

'' passenger train, between

Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...

and

Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...

. *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...

– The Remington Rand strike of 1936–37 begins, spawning the notorious ''

Mohawk Valley formula The Mohawk Valley formula is a plan for strikebreaking purportedly written by the president of the Remington Rand company James Rand, Jr. around the time of the Remington Rand strike of 1936–1937, Remington Rand strike at Ilion, New York in 1936/3 ...

'', a corporate plan for

strikebreaking A strikebreaker (sometimes pejoratively called a scab, blackleg, bootlicker, blackguard or knobstick) is a person who works despite an ongoing strike action, strike. Strikebreakers may be current employees (trade union, union members or not), or ...

. *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &nda ...

– British luxury liner leaves

Southampton Southampton is a port City status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Hampshire, England. It is located approximately southwest of London, west of Portsmouth, and southeast of Salisbury. Southampton had a population of 253, ...

for her maiden

transatlantic crossing Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries ...

. *

June 19 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. * 1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle cha ...

Max Schmeling Maximilian Adolph Otto Siegfried Schmeling (, ; 28 September 1905 – 2 February 2005) was a German boxing, boxer who was heavyweight champion of the world between 1930 and 1932. His two fights with Joe Louis in 1936 and 1938 were worldwide cul ...

knocks out

Joe Louis Joseph Louis Barrow (May 13, 1914 – April 12, 1981) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1934 to 1951. Nicknamed "the Brown Bomber", Louis is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential boxers of all time. He r ...

in the 12th round of their

heavyweight Heavyweight is a weight class in combat sports and professional wrestling. Boxing Professional Male boxers who weigh over are considered heavyweights by 2 of the 4 major professional boxing organizations: the International Boxing Federation an ...

boxing Boxing is a combat sport and martial art. Taking place in a boxing ring, it involves two people – usually wearing protective equipment, such as boxing glove, protective gloves, hand wraps, and mouthguards – throwing Punch (combat), punch ...

match, at

Yankee Stadium Yankee Stadium is a baseball stadium located in the Bronx in New York City. It is the home field of Major League Baseball’s New York Yankees and New York City FC of Major League Soccer. The stadium opened in April 2009, replacing the Yankee S ...

in New York City. **

Per Albin Hansson Per Albin Hansson (28 October 1885 – 6 October 1946) was a Swedish politician, chairman of the Swedish Social Democratic Party, Social Democrats from 1925 and two-time Prime Minister of Sweden, Prime Minister in four Government of Sweden, gov ...

resigns as

Prime Minister of Sweden The prime minister of Sweden (, "minister of state") is the head of government of the Sweden, Kingdom of Sweden. The prime minister and their cabinet (the government) exercise executive authority in the Kingdom of Sweden and are subject to th ...

, over the issue of defence policy. He is replaced by the leader of the Farmer's League (''Bondeförbundet'')

Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp Axel Alarik Pehrsson-Bramstorp (born Axel Alarik Pehrsson; 19 August 1883 – 19 February 1954) was a Swedish politician and was Prime Minister of Sweden for a few months during 1936. As a parliamentarian he was known as Axel Pehrsson in Bramsto ...

, who also becomes Minister of Agriculture. ** The total

solar eclipse of June 19, 1936 file:1936 uludag.jpg, left, Astronomers in Turkey observing the 1936 eclipse A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's Lunar node, descending node of orbit on Friday, June 19, 1936, with a Magnitude of eclipse, magnitude of 1.0329. A solar ecl ...

is visible in Greece, Turkey, Russia and Japan. It is part of Solar Saros 126;

Gamma Gamma (; uppercase , lowercase ; ) is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 3. In Ancient Greek, the letter gamma represented a voiced velar stop . In Modern Greek, this letter normally repr ...

is a value of 0.53889. *

June 26 Events Pre-1600 *4 AD, 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. * 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian (emperor), J ...

–

Focke-Wulf Fw 61 The Focke-Wulf Fw 61 was the first successful, practical, and fully controllable helicopter, first flown in 1936. It was also known as the Fa 61, as Focke began a new company— Focke-Achgelis—in 1937. Design and development Professor Henri ...

, the first fully controllable

helicopter A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which Lift (force), lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning Helicopter rotor, rotors. This allows the helicopter to VTOL, take off and land vertically, to hover (helicopter), hover, and ...

, makes its maiden flight.

July–August

Republican troops during the July 1936 uprising in Barcelona

July 4 Events Pre-1600 * 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and procla ...

– First publication recognizing stress as a biological condition. *

July 17 Events Pre-1600 * 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world. * 1048 – Dama ...

– The

Spanish Army of Africa The Army of Africa (, , Tarifit, Riffian; ''Aserdas n Tefriqt''), also known as the Army of Spanish Morocco ('), was a field army of the Spanish Army that garrisoned the Spanish protectorate in Morocco from 1912 until History of Morocco#Independ ...

launches a ''

coup d'état A coup d'état (; ; ), or simply a coup , is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. A self-coup is said to take place when a leader, having come to powe ...

'' against the Republican

Second Spanish Republic The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of democratic government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931 after the deposition of Alfonso XIII, King Alfonso XIII. ...

, beginning the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...

. *

July 20 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots. * 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defe ...

– The

Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits The (Montreux) Convention regarding the Regime of the Straits, often known simply as the Montreux Convention, is an international agreement governing the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits in Turkey. Signed on 20 July 1936 at the Montreux Palace ...

is signed in

Montreux Montreux (, ; ; ) is a Municipalities of Switzerland, Swiss municipality and List of towns in Switzerland, town on the shoreline of Lake Geneva at the foot of the Swiss Alps, Alps. It belongs to the Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut (district), Riviera-Pays ...

, allowing

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

to fortify the

Dardanelles The Dardanelles ( ; ; ), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli (after the Gallipoli peninsula) and in classical antiquity as the Hellespont ( ; ), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern Turkey th ...

and the

Bosphorus The Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait ( ; , colloquially ) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul, Turkey. The Bosporus connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara and forms one of the continental bo ...

, but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime. *

July 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. * 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade. * 1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of S ...

– Carmelite Martyrs of Guadalajara: 3 nuns are shot dead by the

Republican faction (Spanish Civil War) The Republican faction (), also known as the Loyalist faction () or the Government faction (), was the side in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 that supported the government of the Second Spanish Republic against the Nationalist faction (Span ...

. *

August 1 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt u ...

– The

1936 Summer Olympics The 1936 Summer Olympics (), officially the Games of the XI Olympiad () and officially branded as Berlin 1936, were an international multi-sport event held from 1 to 16 August 1936 in Berlin, then capital of Nazi Germany. Berlin won the bid to ...

open in Berlin, Germany, and mark the first live television coverage of an international sports event in world history (

John Logie Baird John Logie Baird (; 13 August 188814 June 1946) was a Scottish inventor, electrical engineer, and innovator who demonstrated the world's first mechanical Mechanical television, television system on 26 January 1926. He went on to invent the fi ...

had broadcast the Derby horse race in Britain in 1931). * August 3 –

African-American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. ...

athlete

Jesse Owens James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens (September 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980) was an American track and field athlete who made history at the Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics, 1936 Olympic Games by becoming the first person to win four gold meda ...

wins the 100-meter dash. *

August 4 Events Pre-1600 * 598 – Goguryeo–Sui War#Course of the war, Goguryeo-Sui War: In response to a Goguryeo (Korean) incursion into Liaoxi, Emperor Emperor Wen of Sui, Wéndi of Sui dynasty, Sui orders his youngest son, Yang Liang (assiste ...

– A self-coup is staged by Greek Prime Minister

Ioannis Metaxas Ioannis Metaxas (; 12 April 187129 January 1941) was a Greek military officer and politician who was dictator of Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941. He governed constitutionally for the first four months of his tenure, and thereafter as th ...

, marking the beginning of the authoritarian

4th of August Regime The 4th of August Regime (), commonly also known as the Metaxas regime (, ''Kathestós Metaxá''), was a dictatorial regime under the leadership of General Ioannis Metaxas that ruled the Kingdom of Greece from 1936 to 1941. On 4 August 1936, ...

, which will rule Greece until the

Axis occupation of Greece The occupation of Greece by the Axis Powers () began in April 1941 after Nazi Germany Battle of Greece, invaded the Kingdom of Greece in order to assist its ally, Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Italy, in their Greco-Italian War, ongoing war that w ...

1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...

. *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. * 29 BC – Octavian ...

–

: The Junior Varsity Rowing Crew from the

University of Washington The University of Washington (UW and informally U-Dub or U Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington, United States. Founded in 1861, the University of Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast of the Uni ...

surprises the world listening on radio when they come from behind to win Olympic Gold. *

August 26 Events Pre-1600 * 683 – Yazid I's army kills 11,000 people of Medina including notable Sahabas in Battle of al-Harrah. * 1071 – The Seljuq Turks defeat the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, and soon gain control of most o ...

– The

Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 (officially, ''The Treaty of Alliance Between His Majesty, in Respect of the United Kingdom, and His Majesty, the King of Egypt'') was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Egypt. The ...

is signed.

September–October

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus Fall of the Western Roman Empire, ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, Posthumous name, posthumously known as ...

– 5 – English-born aviator

Beryl Markham Beryl Markham (born Clutterbuck; 26 October 1902 – 3 August 1986) was a Kenyan aviator born in England (one of the first bush pilots), adventurer, racehorse trainer and author. She was the first person to fly solo, non-stop across the Atlant ...

becomes the first woman to make an east-to-west solo

transatlantic flight A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa, South Asia, or the Middle East to North America, South America, or ''vice versa''. Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, bal ...

, from

Abingdon-on-Thames Abingdon-on-Thames ( ), commonly known as Abingdon, is a historic market town and civil parish on the River Thames in the Vale of the White Horse district of Oxfordshire, England. The Historic counties of England, historic county town of Berksh ...

, England, to

Baleine, Nova Scotia Baleine ( ) (formerly Port aux Baleines) is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island. The community is perhaps best known as the landing site for pilot Beryl Mark ...

. * September 5 –

Robert Capa Robert Capa (; born Endre Ernő Friedmann, ; October 22, 1913 – May 25, 1954) was a Hungarian-American war photographer and photojournalist. He is considered by some to be the greatest combat and adventure photographer in history.Kershaw, Al ...

's photograph '' The Falling Soldier'' is taken. *

September 7 Events Pre-1600 * 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. * 1159 – Cardinal Rolando Bandinelli is elected Pope Alexander III, prompting the election of Cardinal Octaviano Monticelli as Anti ...

– The last known

thylacine The thylacine (; binomial name ''Thylacinus cynocephalus''), also commonly known as the Tasmanian tiger or Tasmanian wolf, was a carnivorous marsupial that was native to the Mainland Australia, Australian mainland and the islands of Tasmani ...

("Tasmanian tiger"), named Benjamin, dies in

Hobart Zoo Hobart Zoo (also known as Beaumaris Zoo) was an old-fashioned zoological garden located on the Queen's Domain in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. The zoo site is very close to the site of the Tasmanian Governor's House, and the Botanical Gardens ...

Tasmania Tasmania (; palawa kani: ''Lutruwita'') is an island States and territories of Australia, state of Australia. It is located to the south of the Mainland Australia, Australian mainland, and is separated from it by the Bass Strait. The sta ...

. *

September 9 Events Pre-1600 *337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti. * 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. * 1141 &ndas ...

** 1936 Naval Revolt (Portugal): The crews of

Portuguese Navy The Portuguese Navy (), also known as the Portuguese War Navy (''Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa'') or as the Portuguese Armada (''Armada Portuguesa''), is the navy of the Portuguese Armed Forces. Chartered in 1317 by King Dinis of Portugal, it is ...

frigate NRP ''Afonso de Albuquerque'' and destroyer ''Dão'' mutiny while anchored in Lisbon Harbour. Opposed to the Salazar dictatorship's support of General Franco's coup in Spain, they declare their solidarity with the

. **The Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence is signed. *

September 10 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. * 1089 – The first synod of pope Urban II starts in Melfi, with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decree ...

– The first

World Speedway Championship The World Championship of Speedway is an international competition between the highest-ranked motorcycle speedway riders of the world, run under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM). The first official championsh ...

is held at

Wembley Stadium Wembley Stadium, currently branded as Wembley Stadium connected by EE Limited, EE for sponsorship reasons, is an association football stadium in Wembley, London. It opened in 2007 on the site of the Wembley Stadium (1923), original Wembley Sta ...

in London, England. It is won by Australian

Lionel Van Praag Lionel Maurice Van Praag, George Medal, GM (17 December 1908 – 15 May 1987) was an Australian motorcycle speedway champion, who won the inaugural Speedway World Championship in London on 10 September 1936. Van Praag's victory saw him establis ...

, with Englishman Eric Langton second and Australian

Bluey Wilkinson Arthur George "Bluey" Wilkinson (27 August 1911 – 27 July 1940) was an Australian speedway rider. Wilkinson was Speedway World Champion in 1938 after narrowly missing out on winning the inaugural Championship in 1936. Early life Born in ...

third. *

September 13 Events Pre-1600 *585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia. *509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hill ...

– In response to a

polio Poliomyelitis ( ), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe ...

outbreak,

Chicago Public Schools Chicago Public Schools (CPS), officially classified as City of Chicago School District #299 for funding and districting reasons, in Chicago, Illinois, is the List of the largest school districts in the United States by enrollment, fourth-large ...

launches a distance education program which constitutes the first large-scale use of radio broadcasts to facilitate

distance education Distance education, also known as distance learning, is the education of students who may not always be physically present at school, or where the learner and the teacher are separated in both time and distance; today, it usually involves online ...

. *

September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...

– After the election to the Swedish Riksdag's second chamber,

and his "Holiday Cabinet" ("''Semesterregeringen''") resign (though he remains as Minister of Agriculture) and

returns as Prime Minister, staying in office until his death from a heart attack in

1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...

. *

October October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôctō'' meaning "eight") after Januar ...

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...

Great Purge The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (), also known as the Year of '37 () and the Yezhovshchina ( , ), was a political purge in the Soviet Union that took place from 1936 to 1938. After the Assassination of Sergei Kirov, assassination of ...

begins in the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. ** The

Viking Age The Viking Age (about ) was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonising, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America. The Viking Age applies not only to their ...

craftsman's Mästermyr chest is discovered in the Mästermyr mire (after which it is later named), west of

Hemse Hemse is a locality situated on the Swedish island of Gotland with 1,700 inhabitants in 2014. It is the second largest locality (after Visby) on the island. Hemse is the main center of population in the southern part of the island, and it is know ...

, on the island of

Gotland Gotland (; ; ''Gutland'' in Gutnish), also historically spelled Gottland or Gothland (), is Sweden's largest island. It is also a Provinces of Sweden, province/Counties of Sweden, county (Swedish län), Municipalities of Sweden, municipality, a ...

, Sweden. * October 19 – H. R. Ekins, reporter for the ''

New York World-Telegram The ''New York World-Telegram'', later known as the ''New York World-Telegram and The Sun'', was a New York City newspaper from 1931 to 1966. History Founded by James Gordon Bennett Sr. as ''The Evening Telegram'' in 1867, the newspaper began ...

'', wins a race to travel around the world on commercial airline flights, beating

Dorothy Kilgallen Dorothy Mae Kilgallen (July 3, 1913 – November 8, 1965) was an American columnist, journalist, and television game show panelist. After spending two semesters at the College of New Rochelle, she started her career shortly before her 18th bir ...

of the ''

New York Journal :''Includes coverage of New York Journal-American and its predecessors New York Journal, The Journal, New York American and New York Evening Journal'' The ''New York Journal-American'' was a daily newspaper published in New York City from 1937 ...

'' and Leo Kieran of ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...

''. The flight takes 18 days. *

October 25 Events Pre-1600 * 285 or 286 – Execution of Crispin and Crispinian, Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers. * 473 – Emperor Leo I (emperor), ...

– The

Rome-Berlin Axis The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was the military coalition which initiated World War II and fought against the Allies of World War II, Allies. Its principal members were Nazi Ge ...

is formed.

November–December

November 2 Events Pre-1600 * 619 – A qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate is assassinated in a Chinese palace by Eastern Turkic rivals after the approval of Tang emperor Gaozu. * 1410 – The Peace of Bicêtre suspends hostilities in t ...

** The

BBC The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. Originally established in 1922 as the British Broadcasting Company, it evolved into its current sta ...

launches the world's first regular television service in high-definition (according to contemporary standards). ** The

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is the Canadian Public broadcasting, public broadcaster for both radio and television. It is a Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster, with its E ...

(CBC) begins

radio Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 3 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connec ...

in Canada. *

November 3 Events Pre-1600 * 361 – Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor. * 1090 – The Rouen Riot, an attempt by English king ...

–

1936 United States presidential election United States presidential election, Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 3, 1936. In the midst of the Great Depression in the United States, Great Depression, the History of the Democratic Party (United States), Dem ...

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), also known as FDR, was the 32nd president of the United States, serving from 1933 until his death in 1945. He is the longest-serving U.S. president, and the only one to have served ...

is reelected to a second term, in a landslide victory over

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

Governor

Alf Landon Alfred Mossman Landon (September 9, 1887October 12, 1987) was an American oilman and politician who served as the 26th governor of Kansas from 1933 to 1937. A member of the Republican Party, he was the party's nominee in the 1936 presidential ...

; farmers support Roosevelt. *

November 9 Events Pre-1600 * 694 – At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. * 1180 – The Battle of Fujigawa: Minamoto forces (30,000 ...

– American fashion designer Ruth Harkness encounters and captures a nine-week-old panda cub in Sichuan, China; it becomes the first live giant panda to enter the United States. *

November 12 Events Pre-1600 * 954 – The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom. * 1028 – Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros. ...

– In

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

, the

San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, commonly referred to as the Bay Bridge, is a complex of bridges spanning San Francisco Bay in California. As part of Interstate 80 in California, Interstate 80 and the direct road between San Francisco an ...

opens to traffic. *

November 20 Events Pre-1600 * 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor. * 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels. *1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry ...

– A levee failure and continued massive rain at the

Mitsubishi The is a group of autonomous Japanese multinational companies in a variety of industries. Founded by Yatarō Iwasaki in 1870, the Mitsubishi Group traces its origins to the Mitsubishi zaibatsu, a unified company that existed from 1870 to 194 ...

Osarizawa mine,

Kazuno is a cities of Japan, city located in Akita Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 28,329 in 12,570 households, and a population density of 40 persons per km2. The total area of the city is . Geography Kazuno is located in ...

, northeastern Akita, Japan, results in at least 375 deaths. *

November 23 Events Pre-1600 *534 BC – Thespis of Icaria becomes the first recorded actor to portray a character on stage. *1248 – Siege of Seville, Conquest of Seville by Christian troops under King Ferdinand III of Castile. *1499 – Seve ...

–

Cover date The cover date of a periodical publication is the date displayed on the cover, which is not necessarily the true date of publication (the on-sale date or release date); later cover dates are common in magazine and comic book publishing. More unusu ...

of the first issue of ''

Life Life, also known as biota, refers to matter that has biological processes, such as Cell signaling, signaling and self-sustaining processes. It is defined descriptively by the capacity for homeostasis, Structure#Biological, organisation, met ...

'', a weekly news magazine launched in the United States under the management of

Henry Luce Henry Robinson Luce (April 3, 1898 – February 28, 1967) was an American magazine magnate who founded ''Time'', ''Life'', '' Fortune'', and ''Sports Illustrated'' magazines. He has been called "the most influential private citizen in the Amer ...

. *

November 25 Events Pre-1600 *571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans. *1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, Ki ...

– The

Anti-Comintern Pact The Anti-Comintern Pact, officially the Agreement against the Communist International was an anti-communist pact concluded between Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan on 25 November 1936 and was directed against the Communist International (Com ...

is signed by Germany and Japan. *

November 30 Events Pre-1600 * 978 – Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws. 1601–1900 *1707 – Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of t ...

– A spectacular fire destroys

The Crystal Palace The Crystal Palace was a cast iron and plate glass structure, originally built in Hyde Park, London, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. The exhibition took place from 1 May to 15 October 1851, and more than 14,000 exhibitors from around ...

in London, originally built for the 1851

Great Exhibition The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, also known as the Great Exhibition or the Crystal Palace Exhibition (in reference to the temporary structure in which it was held), was an international exhibition that took ...

. *

December 3 Events Pre-1600 * 915 – Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date). 1601–1900 * 1775 – American Revolution: becomes the first vessel to fly the Continental Union Flag (precursor to the " St ...

– Radio station WQXR is officially founded in New York City. *

December 5 Events Pre-1600 *63 BC – Cicero gives the fourth and final of the Catiline Orations. * 633 – Fourth Council of Toledo opens, presided over by Isidore of Seville. *1033 – The 1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake, Jordan Rift Val ...

– The

1936 Soviet Constitution The 1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union, also known as the Stalin Constitution, was the constitution of the Soviet Union adopted on 5 December 1936. The 1936 Constitution was the second constitution of the Soviet Union and replaced the 1924 ...

, promulgated by

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...

, is adopted in the

. The

Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic , image_flag = Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (variant).svg , flag_type = Flag(1925–1936) , image_coat = Emblem of the Transcaucasian SFSR (1930-1936).svg , symbol_type = Emblem(1930–1936) ...

is dissolved, and

Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

and

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

become full

Republics of the Soviet Union In the Soviet Union, a Union Republic () or unofficially a Republic of the USSR was a Federated state, constituent federated political entity with a List of forms of government, system of government called a Soviet republic (system of governm ...

. *

December 7 Events Pre-1600 *43 BC – Marcus Tullius Cicero is assassinated in Formia on orders of Marcus Antonius. * 574 – Byzantine Emperor Justin II, suffering recurring seizures of insanity, adopts his general Tiberius and proclaims him ...

– Streptococcous

meningitis Meningitis is acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, collectively called the meninges. The most common symptoms are fever, intense headache, vomiting and neck stiffness and occasion ...

(a condition previously 99% fatal) is successfully treated for the first time with a

sulfonamide In organic chemistry, the sulfonamide functional group (also spelled sulphonamide) is an organosulfur group with the Chemical structure, structure . It consists of a sulfonyl group () connected to an amine group (). Relatively speaking this gro ...

. *

December 10 Events Pre-1600 *1317 – The Nyköping Banquet: King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers, dukes Valdemar and Erik, who are subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköping Castle. * 1508 – The Leag ...

–

Edward VIII abdication crisis In early December 1936, a constitutional crisis in the British Empire arose when King Edward VIII proposed to marry Wallis Simpson, an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was in the process of divorcing her second. ...

: King

of the United Kingdom signs an instrument of

abdication Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority. Abdications have played various roles in the Order of succession, succession procedures of monarchies. While some cultures have viewed abdication as an extreme abandonment of ...

Fort Belvedere, Surrey Fort Belvedere (originally Shrubs Hill Tower) is a Grade II* listed country house on Shrubs Hill in Windsor Great Park, in Surrey, England. The fort was predominantly constructed by Jeffry Wyatville in a Gothic Revival style in the 1820s. The ...

in the presence of his three brothers, The Duke of York, The Duke of Gloucester and

The Duke of Kent Duke of Kent is a title that has been created several times in the peerages of peerage of Great Britain, Great Britain and the peerage of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom, most recently as a Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom, royal dukedom ...

. *

December 11 Events Pre-1600 * 220 – Emperor Xian of Han is forced to abdicate the throne by Cao Cao's son Cao Pi, ending the Han dynasty. * 361 – Julian enters Constantinople as sole Roman Emperor. * 861 – Assassination of the Abba ...

: The British Parliament passes

His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 ( 1 Edw. 8. & 1 Geo. 6. c. 3) is the act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that recognised and ratified the abdication of King Edward VIII and passed succession to his brother King George ...

on behalf of the U.K., Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The King performs his last act as sovereign by giving

Royal Assent Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in othe ...

to the Act, and his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York, becomes King, reigning as

King George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was also the last Emperor of In ...

. The former King, now HRH Prince Edward, makes a broadcast to the nation explaining his decision to abdicate, and leaves the country for Austria. ** Taking the opportunity to free itself further from ties to the United Kingdom, the

Oireachtas of the Irish Free State The Oireachtas of the Irish Free State () was the legislature of the Irish Free State from 1922 until 1937. It was established by the 1922 Constitution of Ireland which was based from the Anglo-Irish Treaty. It was the first independent Irish ...

passes the Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936, removing most powers from the office of

Governor-General of the Irish Free State The governor-general of the Irish Free State () was the official representative of the sovereign of the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1936. By convention, the office was largely ceremonial. Nonetheless, it was controversial, as many Irish Nat ...

, and the Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936 (signed into law December 12), assenting to the abdication and restricting the power of the monarch in relation to Ireland to international affairs. *

December 12 Events Pre-1600 * 627 – Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II's Persian forces, commanded by General Rhahzadh. * 1388 – Maria of Enghien sells the lordship of Argos and Nauplia ...

–

Xi'an Incident The Xi'an Incident was a Chinese political crisis that lasted from 12 to 26 December 1936. Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Nationalist government of China, was arrested in Xi'an by soldiers of the Northeastern Army under the command of Ge ...

: Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China is kidnapped by Marshal

Zhang Xueliang Zhang Xueliang ( zh, t=張學良; June 3, 1901 – October 15, 2001), also commonly known by his nickname "the Young Marshal", was a Chinese general who in 1928 succeeded his father Zhang Zuolin as the commander of the Northeastern Army. He is bes ...

. *

December 24 Events Pre-1600 * 502 – Chinese emperor Xiao Yan names Xiao Tong his heir designate. * 640 – Pope John IV is elected, several months after his predecessor's death. * 759 – Tang dynasty poet Du Fu departs for Chengd ...

– The first filmed Russian opera, '' Natalka Poltavka'', is released in

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

Date unknown

* West China

Famine A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an Financial crisis, economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenom ...

: An estimated five million people die. *

Nestlé Nestlé S.A. ( ) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It has been the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 20 ...

introduce the

white chocolate White chocolate is a chocolate made from cocoa butter, sugar and milk solids. It is Ivory (color), ivory in color and lacks the dark appearance of most other types of chocolate as it does not contain the non-fat components of cocoa (cocoa sol ...

Milkybar Milkybar, called Galak in Continental Europe and Latin America, is a white chocolate confection produced by Nestlé since 1936 and sold worldwide (not sold in the US, although it may be ordered online for delivery, or found in specialty candy sh ...

(called Galak in Continental Europe and elsewhere).

Births

January

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

–

Roger Miller Roger Dean Miller Sr. (January 2, 1936 – October 25, 1992) was an American singer-songwriter, widely known for his honky-tonk-influenced novelty songs and his chart-topping country hits " King of the Road", "Dang Me", and " England Swing ...

, American singer-songwriter, musician and actor (d.

1992 1992 was designated as International Space Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General. * January 6 ** The Republ ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

Darlene Hard Darlene Ruth Hard (January 6, 1936 – December 2, 2021) was an American professional tennis player, known for her aggressive volleying ability and strong serves. She captured singles titles at the French Championships in 1960 and the U.S. Cha ...

, American tennis player (d.

2021 Like the year 2020, 2021 was also heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the emergence of multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 variants. The major global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, which began at the end of 2020, continued ...

) ** Alejandro Maldonado, 37th

President of Guatemala The president of Guatemala (), officially titled President of the Republic of Guatemala (), is the head of state and head of government of Guatemala, elected to a single four-year term. The position of President was created in 1839. Selectio ...

Julio María Sanguinetti Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo (; born 6 January 1936) often known by his initials JMS, is a Uruguayan former lawyer, journalist and politician of the Colorado Party (Uruguay), Colorado Party (PC) who served as the President of Uruguay as the ...

, 2-time President of Uruguay *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying. * 871 ...

– Robert May, Australian scientist (d.

2020 The year 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of even ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...

Stephen E. Ambrose Stephen Edward Ambrose (January 10, 1936 – October 13, 2002) was an American historian, academic, and author, most noted for his books on World War II and his biographies of U.S. presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon. He was a lon ...

, American historian and biographer (d.

2002 The effects of the September 11 attacks of the previous year had a significant impact on the affairs of 2002. The war on terror was a major political focus. Without settled international law, several nations engaged in anti-terror operation ...

) ** Robert Wilson, American physicist and radio astronomer, Nobel laureate *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

–

Eva Hesse Eva Hesse (January 11, 1936 – May 29, 1970) was a German-born American sculptor known for her pioneering work in materials such as latex, fiberglass, and plastics. She is one of the artists who ushered in the postminimal art movement in the 196 ...

, American sculptor and textile artist (d.

1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 1970 Tonghai earthquake, Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli ...

) *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine Emperor Zeno (emperor), Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crow ...

–

Émile Lahoud Émile Jamil Lahoud (born 12 January 1936) is a Lebanese politician who served as the 11th president of Lebanon from 1998 to 2007. During his presidency, the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon, that had lasted since 1982, ended in May 2000. ...

, 15th

President of Lebanon The president of the Lebanese Republic () is the head of state of Lebanon. The president is elected by the parliament for a term of six years, which cannot be renewed immediately because they can only be renewed non-consecutively. By convention, ...

January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...

– Reiner Klimke, German equestrian (d.

1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...

) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...

–

Ziaur Rahman Ziaur Rahman (19 January 193630 May 1981) was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as the sixth president of Bangladesh from 1977 until Assassination of Ziaur Rahman, his assassination in 1981. One of the leading figures of t ...

, 7th President of Bangladesh (d.

1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral ...

) *

–

Edward Feigenbaum Edward Albert Feigenbaum (born January 20, 1936) is a computer scientist working in the field of artificial intelligence, and joint winner of the 1994 ACM Turing Award. He is often called the "father of expert systems". Education and early life ...

, American computer scientist *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

** Alan J. Heeger, American physicist **

Ong Teng Cheong Ong Teng Cheong (22 January 1936 – 8 February 2002) was a Singaporean statesman, architect and union leader who served as the fifth president of Singapore between 1993 and 1999. Born when Singapore was a part of the Singapore in the Straits ...

, 5th President of Singapore (d.

) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...

–

Diana Hyland Diana Hyland (born Diane Gentner; January 25, 1936 – March 27, 1977) was an American stage, film, and television actress. Early years Hyland was born Diane Gentner to John Theodore and Mary (Gorman) Gentner in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. S ...

, American actress (d.

1977 Events January * January 8 – 1977 Moscow bombings, Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (no ...

) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...

Barry Barish Barry Clark Barish (born January 27, 1936) is an American experimental physicist and Nobel Laureate. He is a Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus at California Institute of Technology and a leading expert on gravitational waves. In 2017, Bar ...

, American gravitational physicist, Nobel laureate **

Troy Donahue Troy Donahue (born Merle Johnson Jr., January 27, 1936 – September 2, 2001) was an American film and television actor, best known for his role as Johnny Hunter in the film '' A Summer Place''. He was a popular sex symbol in the 1950s and ...

, American actor (d.

2001 The year's most prominent event was the September 11 attacks against the United States by al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror. The United States led a Participan ...

) **

Samuel C. C. Ting Chao Chung Ting (, born January 27, 1936), also known by his English name Samuel, is a Taiwanese-American physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976 with Burton Richter for discovering the Subatomic particle, subatomic J/ψ par ...

, American physicist *

** Waldyr Boccardo, Brazilian basketball player (d.

2018 Events January * January 1 – Bulgaria takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union, after the Estonian presidency. * January 4 – SPLM-IO rebels loyal to Chan Garang Lual start a raid against Juba, capital of ...

) **

Alan Alda Alan Alda (; born Alphonso Joseph D'Abruzzo; January 28, 1936) is an American actor. A six-time Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award winner and a three-time Tony Award nominee, he is best known for playing Captain Benjamin Franklin "Hawkeye" Pier ...

, American actor, director, screenwriter, comedian and author **

Ismail Kadare Ismail Kadare (; 28 January 1936 – 1 July 2024) was an Albanian novelist, poet, essayist, screenwriter and playwright. He was a leading international literary figure and intellectual, focusing on poetry until the publication of his first novel ...

, Albanian writer (d.

2024 The year saw the list of ongoing armed conflicts, continuation of major armed conflicts, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Myanmar civil war (2021–present), Myanmar civil war, the Sudanese civil war (2023–present), Sudane ...

)

February

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

– Bob Simpson, Australian cricketer *

–

David Brenner David Norris Brenner (February 4, 1936 – March 15, 2014) was an American stand-up comedian, actor and author. The most frequent guest on ''The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson'' in the 1970s and 1980s, Brenner "was a pioneer of observ ...

, American actor and comedian (d.

2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...

) *

** Kent Douglas, Canadian ice hockey player, coach (d.

2009 2009 was designated as the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's first known astronomical studies with a telescope and the publication of Astronomia Nova by Joha ...

) **

Stompin' Tom Connors Charles Thomas "Stompin' Tom" Connors, Order of Canada, OC (February 9, 1936 – March 6, 2013) was a Canadian country music, country and folk music, folk singer-songwriter. Focusing his career exclusively on his native Canada, he is credited wi ...

, Canadian country and folk singer-songwriter (d.

2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...

) *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...

–

Clive Swift Clive Walter Swift (9 February 1936 – 1 February 2019) was an English actor and songwriter. A classically trained actor, his stage work included performances with the Royal Shakespeare Company, but he was best known to television viewers for h ...

, British actor (d.

2019 This was the year in which the first known human case of COVID-19 was documented, preceding COVID-19 pandemic, the pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization the following year. Up to that point, 2019 had been described as ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...

–

Burt Reynolds Burton Leon Reynolds Jr. (February 11, 1936 – September 6, 2018) was an American actor most famous during the 1970s and 1980s. He became well known in television series such as ''Gunsmoke'' (1962–1965), '' Hawk'' (1966) and '' Dan Augus ...

, American actor, director and producer (d.

) *

February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...

–

Anna German Anna Wiktoria German-Tucholska (, 14 February 1936 – 26 August 1982) was a Polish singer (lirico-spinto), immensely popular in Poland and in the Soviet Union in the 1960s–1970s. She released over a dozen music albums with songs in Polish l ...

, Polish singer (d.

1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street Bridge in Washington, D.C. ...

) *

–

Carl Icahn Carl Celian Icahn (; born February 16, 1936) is an American businessman and investor. He is the founder and controlling shareholder of Icahn Enterprises, a public company and diversified conglomerate holding company based in Sunny Isles Beach, ...

, American businessman, investor and philanthropist *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons ...

–

Jim Brown James Nathaniel Brown (February 17, 1936 – May 18, 2023) was an American professional American football, football player, civil rights activist, and actor. He played as a Fullback (gridiron football), fullback for the Cleveland Browns of the ...

, African-American football player and actor (d.

2023 Catastrophic natural disasters in 2023 included the Lists of 21st-century earthquakes, 5th-deadliest earthquake of the 21st century 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes, striking Turkey and Syria, leaving up to 62,000 people dead; Cyclone Freddy ...

) *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...

–

Barbara Jordan Barbara Charline Jordan (February 21, 1936 – January 17, 1996) was an American lawyer, educator, and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the first African American elected to the Texas Senate since Reconstruction, the first ...

, African-American lawyer, educator, politician and civil rights activist (d.

1996 1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ...

) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...

– Carol D'Onofrio, American public health researcher (d.

) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. * ...

–

Jerry Reinsdorf Jerry Michael Reinsdorf (born February 25, 1936) is an American sports executive and businessman who is the owner of the NBA's Chicago Bulls and MLB's Chicago White Sox. He started his professional life as a tax attorney with the Internal Re ...

, American sports executive and businessman. Owner of

Chicago White Sox The Chicago White Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago. The White Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) American League Central, Central Division. The club plays its ...

and Chicago Bulls *

– Adem Demaçi, Albanian politician, writer (d.

) * February 29 ** Alex Rocco, American actor (d. 2015) ** Jack Lousma, American astronaut and politician ** Henri Richard, Canadian ice hockey player (d.

)

March

* March 4 ** Jim Clark, Scottish race car driver (d. 1968) ** Kim Yong-chun, North Korean soldier, politician (d.

) ** Aribert Reimann, German composer (d.

) * March 5 ** Canaan Banana, 1st President of Zimbabwe (d. 2003) ** Dean Stockwell, American actor (d.

) * March 6 ** Marion Barry, African-American civil rights activist and politician (d.

) ** Choummaly Sayasone, 5th President of Laos *

** Loren Acton, American astronaut ** Julio Terrazas Sandoval, Bolivian cardinal (d. 2015) *

– Mickey Gilley, American country singer (d. 2022) * March 10 – Sepp Blatter, Swiss sports administrator, president of FIFA * March 11 ** Harald zur Hausen, German virologist (d.

) ** Takis Mousafiris, Greek composer and songwriter ** Antonin Scalia, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2016) * March 13 – Mónica Miguel, Mexican actress, director and singer (d.

) * March 17 – Ken Mattingly, American astronaut (d.

) * March 18 – F. W. de Klerk, 7th and last State President of South Africa (d.

) * March 19 **Ursula Andress, Swiss actress **Birthe Wilke, Danish singer * March 20 – Lee "Scratch" Perry, Jamaican musician (d.

) * March 21 – Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabaei, Iranian politician (d.

) * March 27 – Banwari Lal Joshi, Indian politician (d. 2017) * March 28 ** Bill Gaither, American musician ** Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian writer, politician, journalist and essayist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2025) ** Amancio Ortega Gaona, Spanish business tycoon

April

* April 1 ** Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, 2-time President of Switzerland (d. 1998) ** Leo Posada, Cuban baseball player (d. 2022) * April 7 – Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav princess, Serbian princess, Serbian presidential candidate * April 8 – Ghassan Kanafani, Palestinian author and politician (d. 1972) * April 9 ** Gloria Grosso, Italian politician ** Valerie Solanas, American feminist writer who attempts to kill Andy Warhol (d. 1988) ** Ferdinando Imposimato, Italian judge (d.

) * April 10 – John Madden, American football coach (d.

) * April 12 – Charles Napier (actor), Charles Napier, American character actor (d. 2011) * April 13 – Choi In-hun, South Korean writer (d.

) * April 14 – Dilbagh Singh Kler, Malaysian Olympic athlete (d. 2012) *

** Pen Sovan, Cambodian politician (d. 2016) ** Raymond Poulidor, French road-bicycle racer（d.

） * April 17 – Urs Wild, Swiss chemist (d. 2022) * April 20 – Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz (d. 1989) * April 21 – Bob Cleary, American ice hockey player (d. 2015) * April 22 – Glen Campbell, American singer and actor (d. 2017) * April 23 – Roy Orbison, American singer-songwriter (''Pretty Woman'') (d. 1988) * April 24 ** Akwasi Afrifa, 3rd Head of State of Ghana (d. 1979) ** Jill Ireland, English actress (d. 1990) * April 28 – Tariq Aziz, Iraqi politician (d. 2015) * April 29 – Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, British financier and aristocrat (d.

)

May

* May 1 – Straub-Huillet, Danièle Huillet, French filmmaker (d. 2006) * May 2 ** Norma Aleandro, Argentinian actress ** Engelbert Humperdinck (singer), Engelbert Humperdinck (b. Arnold George Dorsey), British singer * May 4 – El Cordobés, Spanish matador *

– Jimmy Ruffin, African-American singer (d.

) *

** Albert Finney, English actor (d.

) ** Glenda Jackson, English actress and politician (d.

) ** Ernest Shonekan, 9th Head of State of Nigeria (d. 2022) *

** Klaus Doldinger, German musician ** Guillermo Endara, 32nd President of Panama (1989–1994) (d.

) **Manuel Alegre, Portuguese politician * May 13 – Rafael Campos, Dominican actor (d. 1985) * May 14 – Bobby Darin, American singer (d. 1973) * May 16 ** Philippe de Montebello, American museum director ** Karl Lehmann, German Catholic cardinal (d.

) * May 17 – Dennis Hopper, American actor and director (d. 2010) * May 20 ** Nickey Iyambo, Namibian politician, 1st Vice-President of Namibia (d.

) ** Antanas Vaupšas, Lithuanian athlete (d. 2017) * May 21 – Günter Blobel, German-American biologist, academic and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

) * May 23 – Charles Kimbrough, American actor (d.

) *

– Tom T. Hall, American country singer-songwriter (d.

) * May 26 – Phyllis Italiano, American politician and teacher (d.

) *

– Louis Gossett Jr., African-American actor (d.

) * May 28 – James B. Goetz, American radio broadcaster, politician and Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota from 1967 to 1971 (d.

)

June

2018 Kris Kristofferson - by 2eight - DSC5043 cropped

*June 2 – Volodymyr Holubnychy, Soviet Olympic athlete (d.

) *June 3 – Colin Meads, New Zealand rugby union player (d. 2017) *June 4 **Bruce Dern, American actor **Nutan Samarth, Indian actress (d. 1991) *June 8 **James Darren, American actor and singer (d.

) **Kenneth G. Wilson, American Nobel Prize-winning physicist (d.

) *June 15 – William Levada, American cardinal (d.

) *June 17 – Ken Loach, British film director *June 18 **Denny Hulme, New Zealand racing driver (d.

) *

– Takeshi Aono, Japanese actor (d. 2012) *June 22 **Kris Kristofferson, American actor and singer-songwriter (d.

) **Izatullo Khayoyev, 1st Prime Minister of Tajikistan (d. 2015) **Ferran Olivella, Spanish footballer (d.

) **Hermeto Pascoal, Brazilian composer and multi-instrumentalist *June 23 – Costas Simitis, Greek politician, 78th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2025) *June 24 – Robert Downey Sr., American actor, filmmaker and father of actor Robert Downey Jr. (d.

) *June 25 – B. J. Habibie, Indonesian politician, 3rd President of Indonesia (d.

) *

**Hal Greer, African-American professional basketball player (d.

) **Lee Ming-liang, Taiwanese geneticist **Jean-Claude Turcotte, Canadian cardinal (d. 2015) *June 27 **Geneviève Fontanel, French stage, film actress (d.

) **Joe Doyle (politician), Joe Doyle, Irish politician (d.

) *June 28 – Leon O. Chua, American electrical engineer and computer scientist *June 29 **David Jenkins (figure skater), David Jenkins, American figure skater **Eddie Mabo, Australian Indigenous rights activist (d.

) **Kigeli V of Rwanda, last king of Rwanda (d. 2016) *June 30 – Assia Djebar, Algerian writer (d. 2015)

July

* July 1 – Antonio Salines, Italian actor and director (d.

) *

– Günter Vetter, Austrian politician (d. 2022) * July 5 ** Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (d.

) ** Shirley Knight, American actress (d.

) ** Sir James Mirrlees, Scottish-born economist, winner of the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (d.

) * July 7 **Hammoudi Al-Harithi, Iraqi actor (d.

) ** Anatoly Kirov, Soviet wrestler **Nikos Xilouris, Greek singer (d. 1980) * July 8 – Johan Du Preez, Rhodesian-Zimbabwean sprinter *July 9 - Richard Wilson (Scottish actor), Scottish actor * July 14 – Marisa Allasio, Italian actress * July 16 ** Miria Obote, First Lady of Uganda ** Venkataraman Subramanya, Indian cricketer ** Leo Sterckx, Belgian cyclist (d.

) ** Yasuo Fukuda, 58th

* July 23 – Anthony Kennedy, US Supreme Court justice * July 26 – Neelu, Indian actor (d.

) * July 30 ** Buddy Guy, African-American blues singer and guitarist ** Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz, Spanish royal (d.

)

August

**Yves Saint Laurent (designer), Yves Saint Laurent, Algerian-born French fashion designer (d. 2008) **Chadlia Fahrat Essebsi, Tunisian consort, 5th First Lady of Tunisia (d.

) *

– Joaquim Roriz, Brazilian politician (d.

) *August 12 **Kjell Grede, Swedish film director (d. 2017) **André Kolingba, President of Central African Republic (d. 2010) *August 17 – Margaret Hamilton (scientist), Margaret Hamilton, American computer scientist, systems engineer and business owner *August 18 – Robert Redford, American actor and film director *August 21 **Wilt Chamberlain, African-American basketball player (d.

) **Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia, (d. 2008) *August 23 – Rudy Lewis, American rhythm and blues singer (d. 1964) *August 25 – Giridharilal Kedia, Indian Working President of KVK (d.

) *

– Benedict Anderson, American academic (d. 2015) *August 27 – Lien Chan, Taiwanese politician *August 28 – Bert Schneider (motorcyclist), Bert Schneider, Austrian road racer (d.

) *August 29 – John McCain, American politician, U.S. Senate, U.S. Senator (Republican Party (United States), R-Arizona, Az.) (d.

) *August 31 – Fabrizia Ramondino, Italian author (d. 2008)

September

* September 1 – Valery Legasov, Soviet inorganic chemist (d. 1988) * September 2 – Andrew Grove, Hungarian-American businessman, engineer and author (d. 2016) * September 3 – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, 2nd President of Tunisia (d.

) *

– Kamuta Latasi, 4th Prime Minister of Tuvalu *

** George Cassidy (jazz musician), George Cassidy, Northern Irish jazz saxophonist, music teacher of Van Morrison (d. 2023) ** Buddy Holly, American rock-and-roll singer-songwriter and musician (d. 1959) ** Jorge Porcel, Argentine-American actor (d. 2006) * September 12 - Victor L. Backlund, American politician and athlete * September 14 – Walter Koenig, American actor (''Star Trek: The Original Series'') * September 15 – Ashley Cooper (tennis), Ashley Cooper, Australian tennis player (d.

) * September 19 – Al Oerter, American Olympic athlete (d. 2007) * September 21 – Yury Luzhkov, mayor of Moscow (d.

) * September 23 – Valentín Paniagua, President of Peru (d. 2006) * September 24 – Jim Henson, American puppeteer, filmmaker and television producer (''The Muppets'') (d. 1990) * September 25 – Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (d.

) * September 26 – Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, South African anti-apartheid activist (d.

) * September 27 – Joselo, Venezuelan actor, comedian (d.

) *

– Robert Wolders, Dutch actor (d.

) * September 29 – Silvio Berlusconi, 50th Prime Minister of Italy, media entrepreneur (d.

)

October

* October 1 – Duncan Edwards, English footballer (d. 1958) * October 3 – Steve Reich, American composer * October 5 – Václav Havel, Czech playwright, writer and politician, 10th President of Czechoslovakia and 1st President of the Czech Republic (d. 2011) * October 6 – Lin Yu-lin, Taiwanese billionaire real estate developer (d.

) * October 7 – Fereydoun Farrokhzad, Iranian entertainer (d.

) * October 8 – Rogelio Guerra, Mexican actor (d.

) * October 9 – Brian Blessed, English actor * October 10 – Gerhard Ertl, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel laureate * October 11 – Tom Zé, Brazilian Tropicália singer-songwriter * October 13 – Christine Nöstlinger, Austrian writer (d.

) * October 18 – Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino, Cuban cardinal (d.

) * October 19 – Tony Lo Bianco, American actor (d.

) * October 22 – Bobby Seale, American political activist * October 24 – Bill Wyman, English rock guitarist *

– Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress and voice actress * October 26 ** Etelka Kenéz Heka, Hungarian writer, poet, singer (d.

) ** Shelley Morrison, American actress (d.

) * October 28 – Charlie Daniels, American country singer-songwriter (d.

) * October 30 – Polina Astakhova, Soviet artistic gymnast (d. 2005) * October 31 – Michael Landon, American actor, director, producer and writer (d. 1991)

November

– Roy Emerson, Australian tennis player * November 4 **Didier Ratsiraka, 3rd President of Madagascar (d.

) **C. K. Williams, American poet (d. 2015) * November 5 ** Ivan Stambolić, Serbian politician (d. 2000) ** Uwe Seeler, German football player and manager (d. 2022) * November 8 – Virna Lisi, Italian actress (d.

) *

** Stephanie Rothman, American film director ** Mary Travers, American singer-songwriter (d.

) * November 11 – Susan Kohner, American actress * November 17 ** Dahlia Ravikovitch, Israeli poet (d. 2005) ** Lazarus Salii, 3rd President of Palau (d. 1988) *November 18 **Ennio Antonelli, president of the Pontifical Council for the Family from 2008 to 2012. **Ante Žanetić, Croatian professional footballer (d.

) * November 19 – Dick Cavett, American talk show host, television personality *

– Don DeLillo, American author *

– Lazarus Salii, 3rd President of Palau (d. 1988) *

** Eric Walter Elst, Belgian astronomer (d. 2022) ** Abbie Hoffman, American political and social activist (d. 1989)

December

*December 4 – América Alonso, Venezuelan actress (d. 2022) *

– James Lee Burke, American novelist *

– Martha Layne Collins, American businesswoman and politician *December 8 – David Carradine, American actor, director and martial artist (d.

) *December 9 – A. B. Yehoshua, Israeli writer (d. 2022) *

– Hans van den Broek, Dutch politician and diplomat (d. 2025) *

**Iolanda Balaș, Romanian high jumper (d. 2016) **Alain Cornu, French footballer **Reggie Young, American musician and guitarist (d.

) *December 13 – Prince Aga Khan IV, Karim Al-Husseini, Aga Khan IV, Swiss-born 49th imam of Nizari Isma'ilis, businessman, philanthropist and racehorse owner (d. 2025) *December 14 – Robert A. Parker, American physicist, astronomer and astronaut *December 17 **Pope Francis (d. 2025) **Klaus Kinkel, German politician (d.

) **Tommy Steele, British entertainer *December 20 – Niki Bettendorf, Luxembourgish politician (d.

) *December 21 – Barbara Roberts, American politician *December 22 – Héctor Elizondo, American actor *December 23 **Frederic Forrest, American actor (d.

) **La Lupe, Cuban singer (d.

) *December 25 **Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, member of the British royal family **Ismail Merchant, Indian film director and producer (d. 2005) *December 27 – Alex Miller (writer), Alex Miller, Australian novelist *December 29 **Mary Tyler Moore, American actress, producer and diabetes awareness activist (d. 2017) **Peep Jänes, Estonian architect **Ray Nitschke, American football player (d. 1998) *December 31 – Siw Malmkvist, Swedish singer

Deaths

January

* January 1 – Harry B. Smith, American composer (b. 1860) * January 5 – Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Spanish writer (b. 1866) *

– Louise Bryant, American journalist (b. 1885) * January 9 – John Gilbert (actor), John Gilbert, American actor (b. 1897) * January 15 ** Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster, Henry Foster, British Conservative Party politician, Governor-General of Australia (b. 1866) ** George Landenberger, United States Navy Captain (USN), Captain, 23rd Governor of American Samoa (b. 1879) * January 16 – Albert Fish, American serial killer (executed) (b. 1870) * January 18 – Rudyard Kipling, British writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865) *

– King

of the United Kingdom (b. 1865) * January 23 – Mills Brothers, John Mills Jr., "Mills Brothers" basso, guitarist (b. 1911) * January 24 **Harry T. Morey, American actor (b. 1873) **Harry Peach, British furniture manufacturer, social campaigner (b. 1874) *

– Richard Loeb, American murderer (b. 1905)

February

– Sophie, Princess of Albania, consort of William, Prince of Albania, William of Wied, Prince of Albania (b.1885) *

– Wilhelm Gustloff, German leader of the Swiss Nazi Party (b. 1895) * February 8 – Charles Curtis, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, 31st Vice President of the United States (b. 1860) * February 19 – Billy Mitchell, American general, military aviation pioneer (b. 1879) * February 20 ** Max Schreck, German actor (b. 1879) ** Georges Vacher de Lapouge, French anthropologist (b. 1854) * February 23 – William Adamson, British Labour politician (b. 1863) *

– in the " February 26 Incident": ** Takahashi Korekiyo, 11th

(b. 1854) ** Saitō Makoto, Japanese admiral, 19th

(b. 1858) * February 27 ** Ivan Pavlov, Russian psychologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1849) ** Mulugeta Yeggazu, Ethiopian government official, military leader **Fred Haines, American film director and screenwriter * February 28 – Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1866)

March

* March 8 – Jean Patou, French fashion designer (b. 1880) *

– Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri, Indian monk and yogi (b. 1855) * March 12 ** David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty, British admiral (b. 1871) ** David Campbell (British Army officer), Sir David Campbell, British army general and Governor of Malta (b. 1869) * March 13 – Francis Bell (New Zealand politician), Sir Francis Bell, 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1851) * March 16 ** Dace Akmentiņa, Latvian actress (b. 1858) ** Marguerite Durand, French journalist, feminist leader (b. 1864) * March 18 – Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek statesman, several times Prime Minister (b. 1864) * March 20 – Herman P. Faris, American temperance movement leader (b. 1858) * March 21 – Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer, conductor (b. 1865) * March 23 – Oscar Asche, Australian actor (b. 1871) * March 28 – Archibald Garrod, Sir Archibald Garrod, English physician (b. 1857) * March 29 – Eugène Marais, South African lawyer, naturalist, poet and writer (b. 1871)

April

* April 2 – Alberico Albricci, Italian general (b. 1864) * April 3 – Richard Hauptmann, German killer of Lindbergh kidnapping, Charles Lindbergh Jr. (executed) (b. 1899) * April 6 – Edmund Breese, American actor (b. 1871) * April 7 – Marilyn Miller, American actress (b. 1898) * April 8 – Róbert Bárány, Austrian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1876) * April 9 – Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist, economist and philosopher (b. 1855) * April 18 – Ottorino Respighi, Italian composer, musicologist and conductor (b. 1879) * April 23 – Teresa de la Parra, Venezuelan writer (b. 1889) * April 25 – Wajed Ali Khan Panni, Bengali aristocrat and philanthropist (b. 1871) * April 26 – Tammany Young, American actor (b. 1886) * April 28 – King Fuad I of Egypt (b. 1868) * April 30 – A. E. Housman, English poet (b. 1859)

May

* May 2 – Ivan Alexandrov, Russian engineer (b. 1875) * May 4 – Ludwig von Falkenhausen, German general (b. 1844) *

– Marianne Hainisch, Austrian women's rights activist (b. 1839) * May 8 – Oswald Spengler, German philosopher (b. 1880) *

– Hu Hanmin, Chinese politician (b. 1879) * May 14 – Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, British soldier, administrator (b. 1861) * May 16 – Leonidas Paraskevopoulos, Greek general, senator (b. 1860) * May 17 – Panagis Tsaldaris, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1868) * May 24 – Khazʽal Ibn Jabir, Iranian sheikh (b. 1863) * May 29 – Norman Chaney, American actor (b. 1914)

June

* June 11 – Robert E. Howard, American pulp fiction writer (suicide) (b. 1906) * June 12 – Karl Kraus (writer), Karl Krays, Austrian writer, journalist (b. 1874) * June 14 – G. K. Chesterton, English author (b. 1874) * June 17 – Henry B. Walthall, American actor (b. 1878) * June 18 – Maxim Gorky, Russian writer (b. 1868) *

– William Hall-Jones, Sir William Hall-Jones, English-New Zealand politician, 16th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1851) * June 22 ** Mary Haviland Stilwell Kuesel, American pioneer dentist (b. 1866) ** Moritz Schlick, German philosopher, physicist (b. 1882) * June 28 – Alexander Berkman, Russian anarchist (b. 1870)

July

* July 1 – Hovhannes Abelian, Armenian actor (b. 1865) * July 8 – Thomas Meighan, American actor (b. 1879) * July 9 – Auguste Adib Pacha, two-time prime minister of Lebanon (b. 1859) * July 11 – James Murray (American actor), James Murray, American actor (b. 1901) * July 13 ** Kojo Tovalou Houénou, Beninese critic of the French colonial empire in Africa (b. 1887) ** José Calvo Sotelo, Spanish politician (assassinated) (b. 1893) * July 16 – Alan Crosland, American film director (b. 1894) * July 23 – Anna Abrikosova, Soviet Roman Catholic religious sister and servant of God (b. 1882) *

** Georg Michaelis, 6th Chancellor of Germany (German Reich), Chancellor of Germany (b. 1857) ** Arnold Theiler, Sir Arnold Theiler, South African veterinary scientist (b. 1867) * July 25 – Heinrich Rickert, German philosopher (b. 1863)

August

– Louis Blériot, French aviation pioneer (b. 1872) * August 9 – Lincoln Steffens, American journalist (b. 1866) * August 12 – Manuel Goded, Spanish general (executed) (b. 1882) * August 15 – Grazia Deledda, Italian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1871) * August 19 ** Federico García Lorca, Spanish writer (assassinated) (b. 1898) ** Hugh Patrick Lygon, English aristocrat (b. 1904) ** Oscar von Sydow, 18th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1873) * August 22 – José María Hinojosa Lasarte, José María Hinojosa, Spanish poet (assassinated) (b. 1904) * August 23 – Julio Ruiz de Alda, Spanish aviator, Falangist politician (executed) (b. 1897) * August 25 ** Ivan Nikitich Smirnov, Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Soviet Communist Party activist (b. 1881) ** Lev Kamenev, Soviet politician (b. 1883) ** Grigory Zinoviev, Soviet politician (b. 1883)

September

* September 6 – Víctor Pradera Larumbe, Spanish political theorist (executed) (b. 1872) *

– Kenneth Balfour, British Conservative Party politician (b. 1863) * September 14 ** Irving Thalberg, American film producer (b. 1899) ** Raoul Villain, French assassin (b. 1885) * September 16 – Karl Buresch, 9th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1878) * September 17 – Henri Louis Le Chatelier, French chemist (Le Chatelier's principle) (b. 1850) * September 19 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian musician (b. 1860) * September 21 ** Amalia Abad Casasempere, Spanish Roman Catholic laywoman, martyr (executed) (b. 1897) ** Antoine Meillet, French linguist (b. 1866) *

– William Sims, American admiral (b. 1858) * September 30 – Friedrich Sixt von Armin, German general (b. 1851)

October

* October 2 – Juho Sunila, 2-time Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1875) * October 3 – John Heisman, American football coach (b. 1869) * October 6 – Gyula Gömbös, 30th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1886) * October 8 ** Cheiro, Irish astrologer (b. 1866) ** William Henry Stark, American businessman (b. 1851) * October 10 - Abul Kasem (politician, born 1872), Abul Kasem, Bengali politician (b. 1872) * October 12 ** Félix Julien, French footballer (b. 1884) ** Shuja ul-Mulk, Indian ruler (b. 1881) * October 16 – Effie Adelaide Rowlands, British novelist (b. 1859) * October 19 – Lu Xun, leading figure of modern Chinese literature (b. 1881) * October 20 – Anne Sullivan, American teacher of Helen Keller (b. 1866) * October 26 – Rodney Heath, Australian tennis player (b. 1884) * October 29 – Ramiro de Maeztu, Spanish writer (assassinated) (b. 1875)

November

– Martin Lowry, English physical chemist (b. 1874) * November 7 ** Walter L. Finn, American physician and politician (b. 1875) ** Charles "Chic" Sale, American vaudevillian (b. 1885) * November 11 – Edward German, Sir Edward German, English composer (b. 1862) * November 17 ** John Bowers (actor), John Bowers, American actor (b. 1885) ** Alexandros Papanastasiou, 2-time prime minister of Greece (b. 1876) *

** Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (b. 1896) ** José Antonio Primo de Rivera, Spanish fascist politician (executed) (b. 1903) *

– Andrew Harper, Scottish–Australian biblical scholar, teacher (b. 1844) * November 27 – Edward Bach, British physician, homeopath and bacteriologist (b. 1886)

December

– Jean Mermoz, French aviator (b. 1901) * December 9 ** Juan de la Cierva, Spanish civil engineer, aviator and aeronautical engineer, inventor of the autogyro (b. 1895) ** Arvid Lindman, 12th

(b. 1862) ** Lottie Pickford, Canadian actress (b. 1895) *

** Bobby Abel, English cricketer (b. 1857) ** Luigi Pirandello, Italian dramatist, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867) * December 18 – Leonardo Torres Quevedo, Spanish engineer, a pioneer of History of computer science, computing and radio control, inventor of El Ajedrecista (The Chess Player) (b. 1852) * December 23 – William Henry Harrison (cricketer), William Henry Harrison, English cricketer (b. 1866) *

– Irene Fenwick, American actress (b. 1887) * December 25 – Carl Stumpf, German philosopher and psychologist (b. 1848) * December 26 – Percival G. Baldwin, American politician and businessman (b. 1880) * December 29 – Lucy, Lady Houston, British philanthropist (b. 1857) * December 31 – Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish writer (b. 1864)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Victor F. Hess, Carl D. Anderson * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Peter Debye, Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Sir Henry Hallett Dale, Otto Loewi * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Eugene Gladstone O'Neill * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Carlos Saavedra Lamas

Note

References

External links

Headlining America 1937
ed Fank Luther Mott reprints the best American newspaper stories of 1935–1936.

– from American Studies Programs at the University of Virginia {{DEFAULTSORT:1936 1936, Leap years in the Gregorian calendar