1883 Chilean–Spanish Treaty
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The Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the Republic of Chile and Spain () was a
peace treaty A peace treaty is an treaty, agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually country, countries or governments, which formally ends a declaration of war, state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice, which is an ag ...
signed between
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
and
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
in the
Peruvian Peruvians (''/peruanas'') are the citizens of Peru. What is now Peru has been inhabited for several millennia by cultures such as the Caral before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Peruvian population decreased from an estimated 5–9 ...
city of
Lima Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rive ...
, then occupied by Chile. The treaty put an end to the state of war that existed between both states since the
Chincha Islands War The Chincha Islands War, also known as Spanish–South American War (), was a series of coastal and naval battles between Spain and its former colonies of Peru, Chile, Ecuador, and Bolivia from 1865 to 1879. The conflict began with Spain's seiz ...
.


Background

In 1867, Spain and Chile had reached a preliminary agreement to receive the warships embargoed by the British neutrality laws, which caused the diplomatic incident between Peru and Chile in 1868. In 1871, an armistice was signed in
Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
between Spain and allies Peru and Chile. Later, at the beginning of the
War of the Pacific The War of the Pacific (), also known by War of the Pacific#Etymology, multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru), Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought over Atacama Desert ...
, Spain signed the two treaties in Paris with Peru (August 14, 1879) and Bolivia (August 21, 1879), which ended the state of war. In 1881, the Chilean government allowed the arrival of Spanish merchant ships to its ports in recognition of the protection provided by Spanish merchants to the Chilean victims of the
Battle of Iquique The Battle of Iquique was a Naval warfare, naval engagement on 21 May 1879, during the War of the Pacific, where a Chile, Chilean corvette commanded by Arturo Prat, Arturo Prat Chacón faced a Peru, Peruvian Ironclad warship, ironclad under Mig ...
.


Treaty

The representatives for the treaty were Jovino Novoa for Chile and Enrique Vallés for Spain, who signed the treaty in the Peruvian city of
Lima Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rive ...
, during its occupation by Chile. The treaty itself contains 5 articles that dictate peace, repeal the armistice of 1871, order to communicate it to the
president of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...
and order to exchange the ratifications within a year. Chilean president
Domingo Santa María Domingo Santa María González (; August 4, 1825 – July 18, 1889) was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1881 and 1886. Early life He was born in Santiago, Chile, Santiago, the son of Luis José Santa Ma ...
put it into effect in Chile on May 21, 1884.


See also

* * Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru)


References

Chile–Spain relations Peru–Spain relations Bolivia–Spain relations Bilateral treaties of Chile Treaties of Spain under the Restoration 1883 treaties History of Lima {{DEFAULTSORT:1883 Chilean-Spanish Treaty