Events
January–March
* January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...
– The Mount Etna
Mount Etna, or simply Etna ( or ; , or ; ; or ), is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messina, Italy, Messina and Catania. It is located above the Conve ...
volcano erupts in Italy, causing a devastating earthquake that kills 60,000 people in Sicily
Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...
and Malta
Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea, between Sicily and North Africa. It consists of an archipelago south of Italy, east of Tunisia, and north of Libya. The two ...
.
* January 22
Events Pre-1600
* 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.
* 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...
– A total lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, ...
is visible across North and South America.
* February 8
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
* 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...
– The College of William & Mary
The College of William & Mary (abbreviated as W&M) is a public university, public research university in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1693 under a royal charter issued by King William III of England, William III and Queen ...
in Williamsburg, Virginia
Williamsburg is an Independent city (United States), independent city in Virginia, United States. It had a population of 15,425 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. Located on the Virginia Peninsula, Williamsburg is in the northern par ...
is granted a Royal charter
A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but ...
.
* February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantin ...
– The publication of the first women's magazine, titled ''The Ladies' Mercury
''The Ladies' Mercury'' (27 February 1693 — 17 March 1693) was a periodical published in London by the Athenian Society notable for being the first periodical in English published and specifically designed for women readers.
History
In 1690 ...
'', takes place in London. It is published by the Athenian Society.
* March 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha
Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha (1638 – December 1698) was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier from 1693 to 1694. His epithet ''Bozoklu'' means "from Bozok" (modern Yozgat, Turkey).İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türki ...
becomes the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
The grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire ( or ''Sadr-ı Azam'' (''Sadrazam''); Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish: or ) was the ''de facto'' prime minister of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, sultan in the Ottoman Empire, with the absolute p ...
, after Sultan Ahmed II appoints him as the successor of Çalık Ali Pasha
Çalık Ali Pasha (also Hacı Çalık Ali Pasha or Merzifonlu Çalık Ali Pasha; died 1698) was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier during the reign of Ahmed II.
Early life
Ali Pasha was a Turk from Merzifon, a city in north-cen ...
.
April–June
* April 4
Events Pre-1600
* 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines.
* 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground.
* 611 &nd ...
– Anne Palles
Anne Palles (1619 – 4 April 1693) was an alleged Danish witch. She was the last woman to be legally executed for sorcery in Denmark.
Background
In 1692, the cunning woman Karen Gregers Madsens from Lommelev was accused of poisoning. She wa ...
becomes the last accused witch to be executed for witchcraft in Denmark
Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...
, after having been convicted of using powers of sorcery. King Christian V accepts her plea not to be burned alive, and she is beheaded before her body is set afire.
* April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...
– The Order of Saint Louis
The Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis () is a dynastic order of chivalry founded 5 April 1693 by King Louis XIV, named after Saint Louis (King Louis IX of France). It was intended as a reward for exceptional officers, notable as the fi ...
, the first medal to be awarded in France to military personnel who are not members of nobility, is created by order of King Louis XIV, and named after his ancestor, King Louis IX.
* April 28
Events Pre-1600
* 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V, effectively ending the Parthian Empire.
* 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victor ...
– The 90-gun English Royal Navy warship HMS ''Windsor Castle'' is wrecked beyond repair on the Goodwin Sands
Goodwin Sands is a sandbank at the southern end of the North Sea lying off the Deal, Kent, Deal coast in Kent, England. The area consists of a layer of approximately depth of fine sand resting on an Chalk, Upper Chalk platform belonging to ...
.
* April
April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars. Its length is 30 days.
April is commonly associated with the season of spring in the Northern Hemisphere, and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is the ...
– Tituba, a slave who had been convicted at the Salem witch trials
The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in Province of Massachusetts Bay, colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. More than 200 people were accused. Not everyone wh ...
of practicing witchcraft after making a confession, is released from jail in Boston after 13 months when an unknown purchaser pays her jail fees.
* May 18
Events Pre-1600
* 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople.
* 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 47 ...
– Forces of Louis XIV of France
LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...
attack Heidelberg
Heidelberg (; ; ) is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fifth-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with a population of about 163,000, of which roughly a quarter consists of studen ...
, capital of the Electorate of the Palatinate
The Electoral Palatinate was a Imperial State, constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire until it was annexed by the Electorate of Baden in 1803. From the end of the 13th century, its ruler was one of the Prince-electors who elected the Holy ...
.
* May 22
Events Pre-1600
* 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu.
* 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt.
...
– Heidelberg is taken by the invading French forces; on May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
* 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
*1533 – The marriage of King Henry ...
Heidelberg Castle is surrendered, after which the French blow up its towers using mines.
* June 5
Events Pre-1600
* 830 – Theodora is crowned Byzantine empress and marries then emperor Theophilos in the Hagia Sophia. She is credited with restoring orthodoxy and the icons.
* 1086 – Tutush, brother of Seljuk sultan Malik Sh ...
– The first performance of the opera '' Didon'' by French composer Henri Desmarets
Henri Desmarets (February 1661 – 7 September 1741) was a French composer of the Baroque music, Baroque period primarily known for his stage works, although he also composed sacred music as well as secular cantatas, songs and instrumenta ...
takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal
The Théâtre du Palais-Royal () is a 750-seat Parisian theatre at 38 rue de Montpensier, located at the northwest corner of the Palais-Royal in the Galerie de Montpensier at its intersection with the Galerie de Beaujolais.
Brief history
O ...
in Paris.
* June 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
* 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
* 1499 – Amerigo Vespucci sights what is now Amapá State in B ...
– Nine Years' War
The Nine Years' War was a European great power conflict from 1688 to 1697 between Kingdom of France, France and the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), Grand Alliance. Although largely concentrated in Europe, fighting spread to colonial poss ...
– Battle of Lagos off Portugal: The French fleet defeats the joint Dutch and English fleet.
July–September
* July 17 – A total lunar eclipse
A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, ...
is visible in New Zealand and across the Pacific Ocean.
* July 29 – Nine Years' War
The Nine Years' War was a European great power conflict from 1688 to 1697 between Kingdom of France, France and the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), Grand Alliance. Although largely concentrated in Europe, fighting spread to colonial poss ...
– Battle of Landen
The Battle of Landen, also known as Battle of Neerwinden took place on 29 July 1693, during the Nine Years' War near Landen, then in the Spanish Netherlands, now part of Belgium. A Kingdom of France, French army under François-Henri de Montmor ...
: William III of England
William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of County of Holland, Holland, County of Zeeland, Zeeland, Lordship of Utrecht, Utrec ...
is defeated by the French (with Irish Jacobite mercenaries).
* August 21
Events Pre-1600
* 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège.
*1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...
– The Indian Ocean port of Pondicherry
Pondicherry, officially known as Puducherry, is the Capital city, capital and most populous city of the Puducherry (union territory), Union Territory of Puducherry in India. The city is in the Puducherry district on the southeast coast of Indi ...
, capital of French India
French India, formally the (), was a French colony comprising five geographically separated enclaves on the Indian subcontinent that had initially been factories of the French East India Company. They were ''de facto'' incorporated into the ...
is captured by a 17-ship fleet from the Netherlands and 1,600 men under the command of Laurens Pit the Younger.
* September 9
Events Pre-1600
*337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.
* 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
* 1141 &ndas ...
– Francesco Invrea, King of Corsica, begins a two-year term as the Doge
Doge, DoGE or DOGE may refer to:
Internet culture
* Doge (meme), an Internet meme primarily associated with the Shiba Inu dog breed
** Dogecoin, a cryptocurrency named after the meme
** Kabosu (dog), the dog portrayed in the original Doge image ...
of the Republic of Genoa
The Republic of Genoa ( ; ; ) was a medieval and early modern Maritime republics, maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italy, Italian coast. During the Late Middle Ages, it was a major commercial power in ...
in Italy, succeeding Giovanni Battista Cattaneo Della Volta.
* September 10
Events Pre-1600
* 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
* 1089 – The first synod of pope Urban II starts in Melfi, with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decree ...
– France begins the siege of the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium) fort of Charleroi.
* September 14
Events Pre-1600
*AD 81 – Domitian became Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
* 786 – "Night of the three Caliphs": Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi. Bir ...
– King Louis XIV
LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...
of France sends a letter to Pope Innocent XII
Pope Innocent XII (; ; 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700), born Antonio Pignatelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 July 1691 to his death in September 1700.
He took a hard stance against nepotism ...
announcing the rescission of the Declaration of the Clergy of France issued in 1682.
* September 23 – Manuel Afonso Nzinga a Nlenke, ruling as King Manuel I
Manuel I (; 31 May 146913 December 1521), known as the Fortunate (), was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal, as monarch. Manue ...
of the Kingdom of Kongo
The Kingdom of Kongo ( or ''Wene wa Kongo;'' ) was a kingdom in Central Africa. It was located in present-day northern Angola, the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, southern Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. At its gre ...
(in present-day northern Angola) is executed on orders of the new king, Álvaro X.
October–December
* October
October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus , October retained its name (from Latin and Greek ''ôctō'' meaning "eight") after Januar ...
– William Congreve
William Congreve (24 January 1670 – 19 January 1729) was an English playwright, satirist, poet, and Whig politician. He spent most of his career between London and Dublin, and was noted for his highly polished style of writing, being regard ...
's comedy '' The Double-Dealer'' is first performed in London.
* October 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 23 – Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion.
* 1209 – Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.
* 1302 – The Byzantine–Venetian War comes ...
– Battle of Marsaglia near Turin
Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is main ...
in the Duchy of Savoy
The Duchy of Savoy (; ) was a territorial entity of the Savoyard state that existed from 1416 until 1847 and was a possession of the House of Savoy.
It was created when Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, raised the County of Savoy into a duchy f ...
: A French force under the command of General Nicolas Catinat
Nicolas Catinat (, 1 September 1637 – 22 February 1712) was a French military commander and Marshal of France under Louis XIV.
Life
The son of a magistrate, Catinat was born in Paris on 1 September 1637. He entered the Gardes Française ...
defeats the Savoyard forces, leaving 10,000 dead or wounded, while sustaining only 1,000 casualties.
* October 11
Events Pre-1600
*1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever.
* 1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars.
*1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of En ...
– Charleroi
Charleroi (, , ; ) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. It is the largest city in both Hainaut and Wallonia. The city is situated in the valley of the Sambre, in the south-west of Belgium, not ...
falls to French forces.
* October 29
Events Pre-1600
* 312 – Constantine the Great enters Rome after his victory at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, stages a grand '' adventus'' in the city, and is met with popular jubilation. Maxentius' body is fished out of the Tiber ...
– The Great Storm changes the course of rivers and alters the coastline from Virginia to Long Island in America.
* November 7
Events Pre-1600
* 335 – Athanasius, 20th pope of Alexandria, is banished to Trier on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople.
* 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. ...
– King Charles II of Spain issues a royal edict providing sanctuary in Spanish Florida for escaped slaves from the English colony of South Carolina.
* November 14
Events Pre-1600
* 332 BC – Alexander the Great is crowned pharaoh of Egypt.
1601–1900
* 1680 – German astronomer Gottfried Kirch discovers the Great Comet of 1680, the first comet to be discovered by telescope.
*1770 – Ja ...
– General Santaji Ghorpade
Santaji Ghorpade (Santaji Mhaloji Ghorpade, ; 1660–1696) was a Maratha (caste), Maratha general and statesman who served as the 7th Senapati of the Maratha Empire during the reign of Chattrapati Rajaram I. He is widely regarded as one of the ...
of the Maratha Empire
The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Ma ...
in India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
is defeated by General Himmat Khan of the Mughal Empire near Vikramhalli, and retreats. A week later, after regrouping his troops, Santaji defeats Himmat at their next encounter.
* November 21
Events Pre-1600
*164 BCE – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, rededicates the Temple in Jerusalem, an event that is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. (25 Kislev 3597 in the Hebrew calendar.)
* 2 ...
– The 46-gun Royal Navy frigate HMS ''Mordaunt'' founders off of the coast of Cuba.
* November 29
Events Pre-1600
* 528 – Antioch suffers its second major earthquake in two years, killing thousands and destroying its remaining edifice.
* 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert ...
– A fleet of 30 English and Dutch ships captures the French port of Saint-Malo
Saint-Malo (, , ; Gallo language, Gallo: ; ) is a historic French port in Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany (administrative region), Brittany.
The Fortification, walled city on the English Channel coast had a long history of piracy, earning much wealth ...
* December 16
Events Pre-1600
* 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom.
* ...
– Diego de Vargas
Diego de Vargas Zapata y Luján Ponce de León y Contreras (1643–1704), commonly known as Don Diego de Vargas, was a Spanish Governor of the New Spain territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (currently covering the modern US states of New Mex ...
, Spanish colonial governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Santa Fe de Nuevo México (; shortened as Nuevo México or Nuevo Méjico, and translated as New Mexico in English) was a province of the Spanish Empire and New Spain, and later a territory of independent Mexico. The first capital was San Juan d ...
(now the area around the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico
New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains, sharing the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It also ...
), returns to the walled city of Santa Fe and requests the Pueblo people
The Pueblo peoples are Native Americans in the Southwestern United States who share common agricultural, material, and religious practices. Among the currently inhabited Pueblos, Taos, San Ildefonso, Acoma, Zuni, and Hopi are some of the ...
to accept the authority of the colonial government. Negotiations fail and a siege begins on December 29. The Pueblo defenders surrender the next day and the 70 rebels are executed soon after. The 400 civilian women and children are made slaves and distributed to the Spanish colonists.
* December 27
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – The second Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is consecrated.
*1512 – The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to Indigenous peoples of the Americas, native Ind ...
– The new 80-gun English Navy warship HMS ''Sussex'' departs Portsmouth on its maiden voyage, escorting a fleet of 48 warships and 166 merchant ships to the Mediterranean Sea. The fleet runs into a storm on February 27, 1694, and on March 1, ''Sussex'' and 12 other warships sink, along with a cargo of gold.
Date unknown
* China concentrates all its foreign trade on Canton; European ships are forbidden to land anywhere else.
* A religious schism
A schism ( , , or, less commonly, ) is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization, movement, or religious denomination. The word is most frequently applied to a split in what had previously been a single religious body, suc ...
takes place in Switzerland, within a group of Swiss and Alsatian Anabaptists
Anabaptism (from Neo-Latin , from the Greek : 're-' and 'baptism'; , earlier also )Since the middle of the 20th century, the German-speaking world no longer uses the term (translation: "Re-baptizers"), considering it biased. The term (tra ...
led by Jakob Ammann
Jakob Ammann (also Jacob Amman, Amann; 12 February 1644 – between 1712 and 1730) was a Swiss Anabaptist leader and the namesake of the Amish religious movement.
Personal life
The full facts about the personal life of Jacob Ammann are in ...
. Those who follow Ammann become the Mennonite Amish
The Amish (, also or ; ; ), formally the Old Order Amish, are a group of traditionalist Anabaptism, Anabaptist Christianity, Christian Christian denomination, church fellowships with Swiss people, Swiss and Alsace, Alsatian origins. As they ...
sect.
* The Knights of the Apocalypse are formed in Italy.
* The '' Academia Operosorum Labacensium'' is established in Ljubljana, Slovenia
Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...
.
* Financier Richard Hoare relocates Hoare's Bank
C. Hoare & Co., also known as Hoares, is a British private bank, founded in 1672 by Richard Hoare (banker), Sir Richard Hoare; it is a twelfth generation family business and is owned by eight of Sir Richard's direct descendants. It is the oldest ...
(founded 1672
Events
January–March
* January 2 – After the government of England is unable to pay the nation's debts, Charles II of England, King Charles II decrees the Stop of the Exchequer, the suspension of payments for one year "up ...
) from Cheapside
Cheapside is a street in the City of London, the historic and modern financial centre of London, England, which forms part of the A40 road, A40 London to Fishguard road. It links St Martin's Le Grand with Poultry, London, Poultry. Near its eas ...
to Fleet Street
Fleet Street is a street in Central London, England. It runs west to east from Temple Bar, London, Temple Bar at the boundary of the City of London, Cities of London and City of Westminster, Westminster to Ludgate Circus at the site of the Lo ...
in London.
* Italian barber Giovanni Paolo Feminis creates a perfume water called Aqua Admirabilis, earliest known form of eau de Cologne
Eau de Cologne (; German: ''Kölnisch Wasser'' ; meaning "Water from Cologne") or simply cologne is a perfume originating in Cologne, Germany. Originally mixed by Johann Maria Farina (Giovanni Maria Farina) in 1709, it has since come to be a gene ...
.
* John Locke
John Locke (; 29 August 1632 (Old Style and New Style dates, O.S.) – 28 October 1704 (Old Style and New Style dates, O.S.)) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of the Enlightenment thi ...
publishes his influential book ''Some Thoughts Concerning Education
''Some Thoughts Concerning Education'' is a 1693 treatise on the education of gentlemen written by the English philosopher John Locke. For over a century, it was the most important philosophical work on education in England. It was translat ...
''.
* William Penn
William Penn ( – ) was an English writer, religious thinker, and influential Quakers, Quaker who founded the Province of Pennsylvania during the British colonization of the Americas, British colonial era. An advocate of democracy and religi ...
publishes his proposal for European federation
A federal Europe, also referred to as the United States of Europe (USE) or a European federation, is a hypothetical scenario of European integration leading to the formation of a sovereign state, sovereign superstate (similar to the United Sta ...
, ''Essay on the Present and Future Peace of Europe''.
* English astronomer Edmond Halley
Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (; – ) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist. He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain, succeeding John Flamsteed in 1720.
From an observatory he constructed on Saint Helena in 1676–77, Hal ...
studies records of births and deaths in Breslau (Poland), producing a life table consolidating year of birth and age at death. He uses this to work out the price of life annuities.
* Dimitrie Cantemir
Dimitrie or Demetrius; Cantemir (; ; 26 October 1673 – 21 August 1723), also known by other spellings, was a Moldavian prince, statesman, and man of letters. He twice served as voivode of Moldavia (March–April 1693 and 1710–1711). Durin ...
presents his ''Kitâbu 'İlmi'l-Mûsiki alâ Vechi'l-Hurûfât (The Book of the Science of Music through Letters)'' to Sultan Ahmed II, which deals with melodic and rhythmic structure and practice of Ottoman music
Ottoman music () or Turkish classical music (, or more recently ) is the tradition of classical music originating in the Ottoman Empire. Developed in the palace, major Ottoman cities, and Sufi lodges, it traditionally features a solo singer wi ...
, and contains the scores for around 350 works composed during and before his own time, in an alphabetical notation system he invented.
Births
January–March
*
January 1
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__
Events ...
–
Francesco Carlo Rusca
Francesco Carlo Rusca, or Carlo Francesco Rusca, also known as Ritter von Rusca (1 January 1693 – 11 May 1769) was an itinerant Italian Swiss people, Italian-Swiss painter, best known for his portraits.
Life and work
Little is known of ...
, Swiss painter (d.
1769
Events
January–March
* February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture ...
)
*
January 3
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor.
* 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
**
Giovanni Bianchi, Italian physician and zoologist (d.
1775
Events
Summary
The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps tow ...
)
**
Matthew Hutton, Archbishop of York and Archbishop of Canterbury (d.
1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
)
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine Emperor Zeno (emperor), Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
*1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crow ...
–
Queen Jeongseong, Queen Consort of Korea (d.
1757
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British East India Company Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India.
* January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assa ...
)
*
January 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings.
* 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...
–
Francesco Campora, Italian painter (d.
1763)
*
January 17
Events Pre-1600
* 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey.
* 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...
–
Melchor de Navarrete, Spanish colonial governor of Florida and Mexico (d.
1761
Events
January–March
* January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: In India, the armies of the Durrani Empire from Afghanistan, led by Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, killing over 1 ...
)
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...
**
Jonathan Rashleigh, politician (d.
1764
Events
January–June
* January 7 – The Siculicidium is carried out as hundreds of the Székely minority in Transylvania are massacred by the Austrian Army at Madéfalva.
* January 19 – John Wilkes is expelled from th ...
)
**
Hyacinthe Collin de Vermont, French painter (d.
1761
Events
January–March
* January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: In India, the armies of the Durrani Empire from Afghanistan, led by Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, killing over 1 ...
)
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
* 1229 ...
–
Georg Bernhard Bilfinger, German mathematician (d.
1750)
*
January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
* 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of T ...
–
William Robinson, deputy governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d.
1751)
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
*AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...
**
Robert Sawyer Herbert, British Member of Parliament (d.
1769
Events
January–March
* February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture ...
)
** Empress
Anna of Russia
Anna Ioannovna (; ), also russified as Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, served as regent of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Much of her administratio ...
, Empress of Russia (d.
1740)
**
Gregor Werner, Austrian composer (d.
1766
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new House of Stuart, Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism.
* Januar ...
)
*
January 29
Events
Pre-1600
* 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.
* 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...
–
Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke, English peer and architect (d.
1750)
*
January 30
Events Pre-1600
* 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen.
* 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom.
1601–1900
* 1607 – An es ...
–
Countess Palatine Maria Anna of Neuburg, Countess Palatine of Neuburg by birth, Duchess of Bavaria (d.
1751)
*
February 12
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular.
* 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...
–
Avdotya Chernysheva, Russian lady-in-waiting (d.
1747)
*
February 13
Events Pre-1600
* 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome.
*1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...
–
José del Campillo, Spanish politician (d.
1743)
*
February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...
–
Peter Schenk the Younger, German engraver and map publisher (d.
1775
Events
Summary
The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps tow ...
)
*
February 24
Events Pre-1600
* 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica.
* 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence.
...
**
James Quin, English actor (d.
1766
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new House of Stuart, Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism.
* Januar ...
)
**
Johann Jacob Rambach, German theologian (d.
1735
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Alexander Pope's poem '' Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot'' is published in London.
* January 8 – George Frideric Handel's opera '' Ariodante'' is premièred at the Royal Opera House in Covent ...
)
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost ...
–
Sir Thomas Wheate, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d.
1746
Events
January–March
* January 8 – The Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart occupies Stirling, Scotland.
* January 17 – Battle of Falkirk Muir: British Government forces are defeated by Jacobite forces.
* February ...
)
*
March 5
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.
* 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Easte ...
–
Johann Jakob Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein (also Wetstein; 5 March 1693 – 23 March 1754) was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic.
Biography
Youth and study
Johann Jakob Wettstein was born in Basel. Among his tutors in theology was Samuel We ...
, Swiss theologian (d.
1754)
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 845 – The 42 Martyrs of Amorium are killed after refusing to convert to Islam.
* 1204 &ndas ...
–
Edward Willes, English Anglican bishop and cryptanalyst (d.
1773
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as '' Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Buck ...
)
*
March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...
–
Pope Clement XIII
Pope Clement XIII (; ; 7 March 1693 – 2 February 1769), born Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 July 1758 to his death in February 1769. He was installed on 16 July 1758.
...
, pope of the Catholic Church (d.
1769
Events
January–March
* February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture ...
)
*
March 15
Events Pre-1600
* 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce.
* 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman R ...
–
Sir William Heathcote, 1st Baronet, British politician (d.
1751)
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Montségur.
* 1355 – Amidst the Red Turban Rebellions, Han Lin'er, ...
–
Malhar Rao Holkar
Malhar Rao Holkar (16 March 1693 – 20 May 1766) was a noble subedar of the Maratha Empire, in present-day India. He was one of the early officers along with Ranoji Scindia, appointed by Peshwa Bajirao I to help spread the Maratha rule to nort ...
, Indian nobleman (d.
1766
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new House of Stuart, Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism.
* Januar ...
)
*
March 17
Events Pre-1600
* 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
* 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ...
–
Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste Sofie of Neuburg, Grandmother of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (d.
1728
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The '' Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana'', the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana.
* January 9 – The coronation of Peter II as the Tsar of t ...
)
April–June
*
April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
* 1081 – Alexios I Komnenos overthrows the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, and, after his tro ...
–
Melusina von der Schulenburg, Countess of Walsingham, British Countess (d.
1778
Events
January–March
* January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Sea captain, Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution (1771), HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS Discovery (1774), HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu, Oʻahu th ...
)
*
April 3
Events Pre-1600
* 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.
* 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
* 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. ...
**
George Edwards, English naturalist (d.
1773
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as '' Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Buck ...
)
**
John Harrison
John Harrison ( – 24 March 1776) was an English carpenter and clockmaker who invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the History of longitude, problem of how to calculate longitude while at sea.
Harrison's sol ...
, English clockmaker, horologist and inventor of the marine chronometer (d.
1776
Events January–February
* January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces.
* January ...
)
*
April 4
Events Pre-1600
* 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines.
* 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground.
* 611 &nd ...
–
John West, 1st Earl De La Warr, British general (d.
1766
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new House of Stuart, Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism.
* Januar ...
)
*
April 13
Events Pre-1600
* 1111 – Henry V, King of Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
* 1455 – Thirteen Years' War: ...
–
Johann Georg Keyßler, German polymath (d.
1743)
*
April 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1457 BC – Battle of Megido – the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail.
* 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Roman emperor Otho commits suicide.
* ...
**
Mary Alexander, British American merchant (d.
1760
Events
January–March
* January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas.
* January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over th ...
)
**
Anne Sophie Reventlow
Anne Sophie von Reventlow (; 16 April 1693 – 7 January 1743) was Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1721 to 1730 as the second wife of Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway.
Early life
Born in Clausholm castle, into an ancient House of Reventlow, ...
, Danish royal consort, Queen of Denmark-Norway (d.
1743)
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
–
Daniel Brodhead II, American justice of the peace (d.
1755)
*
April 25
Events Pre-1600
* 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
* 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against th ...
–
Sir Charles Hotham, 5th Baronet, British diplomat (d.
1738
Events
January–March
* January 1 – At least 664 African slaves drown when the Dutch West Indies Company slave ship ''Leusden'' capsizes and sinks in the Maroni River during its arrival in Surinam. The Dutch crew escapes ...
)
*
April 26 –
William Wollaston, British politician (d.
1757
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British East India Company Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India.
* January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assa ...
)
*
April 29
Events Pre-1600
* 801 – An earthquake in the Central Apennines hits Rome and Spoleto, damaging the basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura.
* 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Kom ...
–
Asmus Ehrenreich von Bredow (d.
1756
Events
January–March
* January 16 – The Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756)#Treaty, Treaty of Westminster is signed between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Electorate of Hanover, c ...
)
*
April 30
Events Pre-1600
* 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.
* 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.
*1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus ...
–
Giuseppe Maria Feroni, Italian cardinal (d.
1767)
*
May 4
Events Pre-1600
* 1256 – The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull ''Licet ecclesiae catholicae''.
* 1415 – Religious reformer John Wycliffe is condemned a ...
–
Thomas Gent, Irish printer and writer (d.
1778
Events
January–March
* January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Sea captain, Captain James Cook, with ships HMS Resolution (1771), HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS Discovery (1774), HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu, Oʻahu th ...
)
*
May 9
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria.
* 1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
* 1386 – England and Portugal formall ...
–
Charles Howard, 7th Earl of Suffolk, English Earl (d.
1722
Events
January–March
* January 27 – Daniel Defoe's novel '' Moll Flanders'' is published anonymously in London.
* February 10 – The Battle of Cape Lopez begins off of the coast of West Africa (and present-day Gabon), ...
)
*
May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
* 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...
**
John Fox, English biographer (d.
1763)
**
Henry Hare, 3rd Baron Coleraine, Irish peer and politician (d.
1749)
*
May 15
Events Pre-1600
* 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty.
* 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurpe ...
–
Henry Winder, English chronologist (d.
1752
In the British Empire, it was the only year with 355 days (11 days were dropped), as September 3–13 were skipped when the Empire adoption of the Gregorian calendar, adopted the Gregorian calendar.
Events January–March
* January 1 ...
)
*
May 24
Events Pre-1600
* 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom.
* 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt.
* 1276 – Magnus ...
–
Georg Rafael Donner, Austrian sculptor (d.
1741
Events
January–March
* January 13
** Lanesborough, Massachusetts is created as a township.
** Conventicle Act of 1741 is introduced in Denmark-Norway.
*February 13 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain ...
)
*
May 31
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
* 1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by th ...
–
Bartolomeo Nazari, Italian painter (d.
1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
)
*
June 1
Events Pre-1600
* 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León.
* 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.
* 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...
**
Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Russian diplomat, chancellor of the Russian Empire (d.
1768
Events
January–March
* January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London.
* February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Re ...
)
**
Johann Dietrich von Hülsen, German canon (d.
1767)
*
June 17
Events Pre-1600
* 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
*1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burn ...
**
Prince Charles William of Hesse-Darmstadt, Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt and Obrist (d.
1707
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January 1 – John V is crowned King of Portugal and the Algarv ...
)
**
Diego de Torres Villarroel, Spanish writer (d.
1770
Events January– March
* January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort.
* February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Vi ...
)
**
Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (d.
1775
Events
Summary
The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps tow ...
)
*
June 19 –
Christian August Hausen, German mathematician and physicist (d.
1743)
*
June 20
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.
* 1180 – First Battle of Uji, startin ...
–
Wilhelmina Maria Frederica of Rochlitz, Polish noble (d.
1729
Events
January–March
* January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover ...
)
*
June 29
Events Pre-1600
* 226 – Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of Wei.
* 1149 – Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
* 1170 – A major earthquake hits Syria, badly damagi ...
–
Juan Bautista de Anza I, Spanish militar and explorer (d.
1740)
July–September
*
July 7
Events Pre-1600
* 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks.
* 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution.
* 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...
–
Gilles-François de Beauvais, French Jesuit (d.
1773
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as '' Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Buck ...
)
*
July 12 –
Jean-Baptiste de Brancas, Roman Catholic archbishop (d.
1770
Events January– March
* January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort.
* February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Vi ...
)
*
July 16
Events Pre-1600
* 622 – The Hijrah of Muhammad begins, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
* 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouran ...
–
Cecilia Rosa de Jesús Talangpaz, Servant of God (d.
1731)
*
July 17 –
Gerard Melder, miniature and watercolor painter from the Northern Netherlands (d.
1754)
*
July 21 –
Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle
Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne (21 July 1693 – 17 November 1768) was an English Whigs (British political party), Whig statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Prim ...
,
Prime Minister of Great Britain
The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet, and selects its ministers. Modern pr ...
(d.
1768
Events
January–March
* January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London.
* February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Re ...
)
*
July 26
Events Pre-1600
* 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I.
* 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...
–
Alexandre Le Riche de La Poupelinière, Patron of music and literature (d.
1762
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Seven Years' War: Kingdom of Great Britain, Britain declares war against Enlightenment in Spain, Spain and Kingdom of Naples, Naples, following their Treaty of Paris (1761), recent alliance ...
)
*
August 1
Events Pre-1600
* 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
*AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt u ...
–
Hugh Hughes, Welsh poet (d.
1776
Events January–February
* January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces.
* January ...
)
*
August 7
**
Sir Edmund Bacon, 5th Baronet, British politician (d.
1738
Events
January–March
* January 1 – At least 664 African slaves drown when the Dutch West Indies Company slave ship ''Leusden'' capsizes and sinks in the Maroni River during its arrival in Surinam. The Dutch crew escapes ...
)
**
Charles, Prince of Rochefort, French noble (d.
1763)
*
August 8
Events Pre-1600
* 685 BC – Spring and Autumn period: Battle of Qianshi: Upon the death of the previous Duke of Qi, Gongsun Wuzhi, Duke Zhuang of Lu sends an army into the Duchy of Qi to install the exiled Qi prince Gongzi Jiu as t ...
–
Laurent Belissen, French composer (d.
1762
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Seven Years' War: Kingdom of Great Britain, Britain declares war against Enlightenment in Spain, Spain and Kingdom of Naples, Naples, following their Treaty of Paris (1761), recent alliance ...
)
*
August 9
**
Anne Cecil, Countess of Salisbury
Anne Cecil, Countess of Salisbury (9 August 1693 – 22 March 1757), formerly Lady Anne Tufton, was the wife of James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury.
She was the daughter of Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet, and his wife, the former Lady Ca ...
, British noble (d.
1757
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British East India Company Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India.
* January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assa ...
)
**
Princess Sophia Wilhelmina of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld by birth and by marriage Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d.
1727)
*
August 11
Events Pre-1600
* 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins.
* 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and foun ...
–
Francisco de Merlo, Spanish noblemen, military and notary (d.
1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...
)
*
August 13
Events Pre-1600
* 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes.
* 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas.
* 554 &ndash ...
–
Gustavus Handcock
Gustavus Handcock (13 August 1693 – 4 September 1751) was an Irish politician.
He was the son of Stephen Handcock, fourth son of William Handcock (Westmeath politician), William Handcock. Handcock entered the Irish House of Commons in 1723, h ...
, Irish politician (d.
1751)
*
September 3
Events Pre-1600
*36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
* 301 – San Marino, one of the ...
–
Charles Radclyffe, Titular 5th Earl of Derwentwater (d.
1746
Events
January–March
* January 8 – The Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart occupies Stirling, Scotland.
* January 17 – Battle of Falkirk Muir: British Government forces are defeated by Jacobite forces.
* February ...
)
*
September 7
Events Pre-1600
* 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
* 1159 – Cardinal Rolando Bandinelli is elected Pope Alexander III, prompting the election of Cardinal Octaviano Monticelli as Anti ...
–
Victor I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
Victor I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (Schaumburg, 7 September 1693 – Schaumburg, 15 April 1772), was a German prince of the House of Ascania who belonged to a cadet branch of the princely house of Anhalt-Bernburg.
Through his moth ...
(d.
1772)
*
September 9
Events Pre-1600
*337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.
* 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
* 1141 &ndas ...
–
Quinault-Dufresne, French actor (d.
1767)
*
September 10
Events Pre-1600
* 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
* 1089 – The first synod of pope Urban II starts in Melfi, with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decree ...
–
James MacSparran, Church of England clergyman in America (d.
1757
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British East India Company Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India.
* January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assa ...
)
*
September 13 –
Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach, Austrian architect (d.
1742
Events
January–March
* January 9 – Robert Walpole is made Earl of Orford, and resigns as First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, effectively ending his period as Prime Minister of Great Britain. On his f ...
)
*
September 19
Events Pre-1600
* 96 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
* 634 – Siege of Damascus: The ...
–
Louis Charles Armand Fouquet
Louis Charles Armand Fouquet, known as Chevalier de Belle-Isle, (19 September 1693 in Agde – 19 July 1747 at the Battle of Assietta) was a French general and diplomat. He was the younger brother to Marshal Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc de ...
, French general and diplomat (d.
1747)
*
September 21
Events Pre-1600
* 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Italy with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.
* 1170 – Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland: The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Anglo-Norman invaders.
* 1217 – Livonian Crusa ...
–
Thomas Secker,
Archbishop of Canterbury
The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the Primus inter pares, ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the bishop of the diocese of Canterbury. The first archbishop ...
(d.
1768
Events
January–March
* January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London.
* February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Re ...
)
*
September 22 –
Simon Nikolaus Euseb von Montjoye-Hirsingen Simon Nikolaus Euseb ''Reichsgraf'' von Montjoye-Hirsingen (1693–1775) was the Roman Catholic Diocese of Basel, Prince-Bishop of Basel from 1762 to 1775.
Biography
Simon Nikolaus Euseb von Montjoye-Hirsingen was born in Hirsingen, Alsace, on 22 ...
, Prince Bishop of Basel (d.
1775
Events
Summary
The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps tow ...
)
October–December
* October 3 – Conway Blennerhassett, Irish politician (d. 1724)
* October 5 – Johann Christian Buxbaum, German physician, botanist and traveller (d. 1730)
* October 6 – Marie-Madeleine de Parabère, French aristocrat (d.
1755)
* October 9 – Johann Lorenz von Mosheim, German church historian (d.
1755)
*
October 11
Events Pre-1600
*1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever.
* 1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars.
*1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of En ...
** Frederick Charles, Prince of Stolberg-Gedern (d.
1767)
** John Hobart, 1st Earl of Buckinghamshire, British politician (d.
1756
Events
January–March
* January 16 – The Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756)#Treaty, Treaty of Westminster is signed between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Electorate of Hanover, c ...
)
* October 14 – Daniel Maichel, German philosopher (d.
1752
In the British Empire, it was the only year with 355 days (11 days were dropped), as September 3–13 were skipped when the Empire adoption of the Gregorian calendar, adopted the Gregorian calendar.
Events January–March
* January 1 ...
)
* October 15 – Sir Edward Wilmot, 1st Baronet, Royal surgeon (d. 1786)
* October 18
** John Chandler (sheriff), John Chandler, American judge and sheriff (d.
1762
Events
January–March
* January 4 – Seven Years' War: Kingdom of Great Britain, Britain declares war against Enlightenment in Spain, Spain and Kingdom of Naples, Naples, following their Treaty of Paris (1761), recent alliance ...
)
** John Gilbert (archbishop of York), John Gilbert, Archbishop of York (d.
1761
Events
January–March
* January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: In India, the armies of the Durrani Empire from Afghanistan, led by Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, killing over 1 ...
)
** Jeremiah Markland, British classical scholar (d.
1776
Events January–February
* January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces.
* January ...
)
* October 20 – Gideon Wanton, Rhode Island colonial governor (d.
1767)
* October 21
** Adriaan van der Burg, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1733)
** Frederik Nannestad, Norwegian bishop (d. 1774)
* October 22 – Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, American planter (d. 1781)
* October 25 – Antoine Ferrein, French anatomist (d.
1769
Events
January–March
* February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture ...
)
* October 28 – Šimon Brixi, Czech composer (d.
1735
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Alexander Pope's poem '' Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot'' is published in London.
* January 8 – George Frideric Handel's opera '' Ariodante'' is premièred at the Royal Opera House in Covent ...
)
* October 30 – Samuel Chew (justice), Samuel Chew, American judge (d.
1743)
* November 5 – Ivan Neplyuyev, Russian noble (d.
1773
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as '' Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Buck ...
)
* November 9 – Countess Henriette Charlotte of Nassau-Idstein, German princess (d. 1734)
* November 10 – Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière, French admiral (d.
1756
Events
January–March
* January 16 – The Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756)#Treaty, Treaty of Westminster is signed between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Electorate of Hanover, c ...
)
* November 13 – Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham, British politician (d.
1750)
* November 22
** Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon, daughter of Louis (d.
1775
Events
Summary
The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps tow ...
)
** Zheng Xie, Chinese painter (d.
1766
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new House of Stuart, Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism.
* Januar ...
)
* November 28 – Anthonie van der Heim, Dutch politician, urban magistrate and judge in Rotterdam, Grand Pensionary of Holland (d.
1746
Events
January–March
* January 8 – The Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart occupies Stirling, Scotland.
* January 17 – Battle of Falkirk Muir: British Government forces are defeated by Jacobite forces.
* February ...
)
* November 30 – Christoph Förster, German composer (d. 1745)
* December 9 – Nathaniel Appleton, Congregational minister (d. 1784)
* December 29 – Pierre Joseph Céloron de Blainville, French explorer (d. 1759)
* ''date unknown'' – Heyat Mahmud, Bengali poet (d.
1760
Events
January–March
* January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas.
* January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over th ...
)
Deaths
January–March
*
January 1
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__
Events ...
– Theodor Undereyck, German theologian (b. 1635)
* January 4 – Thomas Hanford, first minister in Norwalk, Connecticut (b. 1621)
* January 6
** Mehmed IV, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687 (b. 1642)
** Marguerite de la Sablière, French salonist and polymath (b. 1640)
* January 7
** Marco Antonio Tomati (bishop of Asti), Marco Antonio Tomati, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1583)
** Federico Visconti, Cardinal Archbishop of Milan (b. 1617)
* January 8 – Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, Polish poet (b. 1621)
* January 21 – Honda Toshinaga, daimyo (b. 1635)
* January 27 – Anthony Lowther (died 1693), Anthony Lowther, English politician (b. 1641)
* January 31
** Ahasuerus Fromanteel, English clockmaker (b. 1607)
** Baptist Levinz, English bishop (b. 1644)
* February 4 – John de Britto, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr (b. 1647)
* February 7 – Paul Pellisson, French writer (b. 1624)
* February 9 – William Turner (London MP), William Turner, English Sheriff, Lord Mayor and M.P. of London (b. 1615)
* February 11 – John de Brito, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr (b. 1647)
*
February 13
Events Pre-1600
* 962 – Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I and Pope Pope John XII, John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome.
*1258 – Siege of Baghdad (1258), Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Kh ...
– Johann Caspar Kerll, German composer and organist (b. 1627)
* February 18 – Elias Tillandz, Swedish physician, botanist, professor of medicine and university rector (Royal Academy of Turku) (b. 1640)
* February 21 – Pierre-Joseph-Marie Chaumonot, French missionary (b. 1611)
* February 22 – Henrik Horn, Swedish military leader and noble (b. 1618)
*
February 24
Events Pre-1600
* 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica.
* 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence.
...
– Filippo Alferio Ossorio, Catholic Bishop of Fondi (b. 1634)
* March 3 – William Stockdale, Member of Parliament (b. 1634)
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 845 – The 42 Martyrs of Amorium are killed after refusing to convert to Islam.
* 1204 &ndas ...
– Antonio Carafa (general), Antonio Caraffa, Austrian Military commander (b. 1646)
* March 8 – Countess Palatine Leopoldine Eleonora of Neuburg (b. 1679)
* March 10 – Carlo Cesare Malvasia, Italian art historian (b. 1616)
* March 13 – John Rashleigh (1619–1693) of Coombe, John Rashleigh, English politician (b. 1619)
*
March 17
Events Pre-1600
* 45 BC – In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.
* 180 – Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of ...
– Richard Whithed (Stockbridge MP), Richard Whithed, English politician (b. 1660)
* March 21 – Walter Chetwynd, English antiquary, politician (b. 1633)
* March 24 – Constantin Cantemir, Ruler of Moldavia (b. 1612)
*
March 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized Ferrara, a papal fiefdom.
* 1329 – Pope John XXII ...
– Sylvanus Morgan, English painter (b. 1620)
* March 31 – Adriaantje Hollaer, Dutch painter (b. 1610)
April–June
*
April 4
Events Pre-1600
* 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines.
* 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground.
* 611 &nd ...
** Isaac Aboab da Fonseca, Portuguese Sephardic rabbi (b. 1605)
**
Anne Palles
Anne Palles (1619 – 4 April 1693) was an alleged Danish witch. She was the last woman to be legally executed for sorcery in Denmark.
Background
In 1692, the cunning woman Karen Gregers Madsens from Lommelev was accused of poisoning. She wa ...
, Danish witch (b. 1619)
*
April 5
Events Pre-1600
* 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
* 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...
** Philip William August, Count Palatine of Neuburg, Eighth son of Elector Palatine Philip William (b. 1668)
** Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier, French writer (b. 1627)
** George Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach (b. 1643)
** Christian Scriver, German hymnwriter (b. 1629)
* April 9 – Roger de Rabutin, comte de Bussy, French writer (b. 1618)
* April 15
** Pierre Cureau de La Chambre, French priest (b. 1640)
** Sir John Cutler, 1st Baronet, English merchant and financier (b. 1608)
* April 17 – Rutger von Ascheberg, Courland-born soldier in Swedish service (b. 1621)
*
April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
– Claudio Coello, Spanish Baroque painter (b. 1642)
* May 2 – Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels and later of Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (b. 1623)
* May 3 – Claude de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French courtier (b. 1607)
* May 6
** François Tallemant the Elder, French translator (b. 1620)
** William Yardley, Quaker minister (b. 1632)
* May 8 – Jan Verkolje, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1650)
* May 13 – Thomas Jervoise (died 1693), Thomas Jervoise, English politician (b. 1616)
*
May 15
Events Pre-1600
* 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty.
* 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurpe ...
** Jacques Du Frische, theologian (b. 1640)
** John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Bargany, Scottish peer accused of treason and cleared of charges (b. 1640)
* May 16 – Philippe Couplet, Flemish Jesuit missionary (b. 1623)
*
May 18
Events Pre-1600
* 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople.
* 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 47 ...
– Giacomo Altoviti, Italian religious (b. 1604)
* May 21 – Henry Erskine, 3rd Lord Cardross, Scottish nobleman and covenanter (b. 1650)
* May 25
** Al-Hurr al-Amili, Muslim cleric and scholar (b. 1624)
** Madame de La Fayette, French writer (b. 1634)
* May 27
** Asano Mitsuakira (b. 1617)
** John Spencer (priest), John Spencer, English clergyman, scholar, Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (b. 1630)
* June 3 – Camille de Neufville de Villeroy, Archbishop of Lyon (b. 1606)
* June 4 – John Wildman, English soldier and politician (b. 1621)
* June 6 – Dirck Ferreris, Dutch painter (b. 1634)
* June 7 – Miklós Erdődy, Ban of Croatia (b. 1630)
* June 12
** John Ashby (Royal Navy officer), John Ashby, Royal Navy admiral (b. 1646)
** Christen Jensen Lodberg, Danish bishop (b. 1625)
*
June 17
Events Pre-1600
* 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
*1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burn ...
– Francisco Marcos de Velasco, Spanish military governor, commander of Antwerp Citadel (b. 1633)
* June 18 – Johann Heinrich von Anethan, German vicar general and canon (b. 1628)
*
June 20
Events Pre-1600
* 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.
* 1180 – First Battle of Uji, startin ...
– Juliana of Hesse-Eschwege, German noblewoman (b. 1652)
* June 22 – Wolfgang Leinberer, German astronomer, philosopher, mathematician, professor, priest in the Society of Jesus (b. 1635)
* June 23 – Sir John Wittewrong, 1st Baronet, English parliamentarian (b. 1618)
* June 24
** Sir Henry Lyttelton, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1624)
** Pavel Josef Vejvanovský, Czech composer (b. 1633)
** Isaac Willaerts, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. c. 1620)
* June 26 – John Philip II, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Dhaun (b. 1645)
* June 30 – Christina zu Mecklenburg, princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1639)
July–September
* July 4 – Ermanno Stroiffi, Italian painter (b. 1616)
* July 8 – François Duchesne, French historian (b. 1616)
*
July 12
** John Ashby (Royal Navy officer), John Ashby, English admiral (b. c. 1640)
** Johan Hadorph, Swedish director-general of the Central Board of National Antiquities (b. 1630)
* July 13
** Cataldo Amodei, Sicilian composer (b. 1649)
** Michiel Nouts, Dutch painter (b. 1628)
** Johann Konrad von Roggenbach, Prince-Bishop of Basle (b. 1618)
* July 19 – Hendrik Trajectinus, Count of Solms, Dutch lieutenant-general (b. 1638)
* July 22 – John Davies (translator), John Davies, Welsh translator and writer (b. 1625)
*
July 26
Events Pre-1600
* 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I.
* 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...
– Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, Queen consort of Sweden (b. 1656)
* July 31 – Willem Kalf, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1619)
*
August 7 – John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1627)
* August 12 – Mark Sension, Connecticut settler (b. 1630)
* August 15 – Gregorio María de Silva y Mendoza, 9th Duke of the Infantado (b. 1649)
*
August 21
Events Pre-1600
* 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège.
*1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...
– Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan, Irish Jacobite peer (b. 1655)
* August 23 – Johann Daniel Major, German professor of theoretical medicine (b. 1634)
* August 27 – Edward Rawson (politician), Edward Rawson, American settler (b. 1615)
* August 28
** Johann Christoph Bach (musician at Arnstadt), Johann Christoph Bach, German composer (b. 1645)
** Jane Howard, Duchess of Norfolk, British noble (b. 1640)
* August 30 – Laurent Cassegrain, French priest, astronomer and physicist (b. 1629)
* September 1 – Nicolas Potier de Novion, French politician (b. 1618)
* September 5 – Otto Grote zu Schauen, German politician (b. 1636)
* September 6 – Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma (b. 1666)
*
September 9
Events Pre-1600
*337 – Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.
* 1000 – Battle of Svolder, Viking Age.
* 1141 &ndas ...
– Ihara Saikaku, Japanese writer (b. 1642)
* September 12
** Elisabeth Baulacre, Genevan industrialist (b. 1613)
** Lionel Copley, List of colonial governors of Maryland, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. 1648)
** Gabrielle de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French noble (b. 1633)
*
September 13
** Lazar Baranovych, Ukrainian bishop (b. 1616)
** Flavio Chigi (1631–1693), Flavio Chigi, Italian cardinal and librarian (b. 1631)
*
September 14
Events Pre-1600
*AD 81 – Domitian became Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
* 786 – "Night of the three Caliphs": Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi. Bir ...
– Aert Jansse van Nes, Dutch admiral (b. 1626)
* September 16 – Giovanni Battista de Belli, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Telese o Cerreto Sannita (b. 1630)
*
September 19
Events Pre-1600
* 96 – Nerva, suspected of complicity of the death of Domitian, is declared emperor by Senate. The Senate then annuls laws passed by Domitian and orders his statues to be destroyed.
* 634 – Siege of Damascus: The ...
– Johann Weikhard von Valvasor, Slovenian nobleman and polymath (b. 1641)
* September 24 – Henri Justel, French scholar, royal administrator, bibliophile and librarian (b. 1620)
* September 25 – William Bassett (died 1693), William Bassett, English landowner and politician (b. 1628)
* September 27 – John Lovelace, 3rd Baron Lovelace, English politician (b. 1640)
* September 28
** Pietro Antonio d'Alessandro, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1628)
** Thomas Knyvett, 7th Baron Berners, English politician (b. 1656)
* September 30 – Bankei Yōtaku, Japanese Zen buddhist monk (b. 1622)
October–December
* October 1 – Pedro Abarca, Spanish theologian (b. 1619)
*
October 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 23 – Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion.
* 1209 – Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.
* 1302 – The Byzantine–Venetian War comes ...
– Thomas Clayton (physician), Thomas Clayton, English politician (b. 1612)
* October 5 – George Lawton (settler), George Lawton, American settler (b. 1607)
* October 8 – Thomas Bampfield, English politician (b. 1623)
* October 9
** Marquard Sebastian Schenk von Stauffenberg, Prince-Bishop of Bamberg (b. 1644)
** Unshō, Japanese Buddhist scriptural commentator (b. 1604)
* October 10 – Charles Patin, French physician (b. 1633)
* October 12 – Sir Christopher Conyers, 2nd Baronet, Conyers baronets and Lord Lieutenant of Durham (b. 1621)
* October 14 – Philipp Kilian, German engraver (b. 1628)
* October 17 – Charles Schomberg, 2nd Duke of Schomberg, English general (b. 1645)
* October 25 – Theodor von Strattman, Austrian diplomat (b. 1637)
* October 26
** Coenraad van Beuningen, Dutch diplomat (b. 1622)
** Kyprian Zochovskyj, Metropolitan of Kyiv (b. 1635)
* November 2 – Theodor Kerckring, Dutch anatomist (b. 1638)
* November 9 – Samuel Hale (settler), Samuel Hale, Connecticut settler and politician (b. 1615)
* November 12 – Maria van Oosterwijck, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1623)
* November 13 – Francesco Fortezza, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1621)
* November 16 – Francis Marsh, Irish bishop (b. 1626)
* November 23 – Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde, Dutch painter (b. 1630)
* November 24 – William Sancroft,
Archbishop of Canterbury
The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the Primus inter pares, ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the bishop of the diocese of Canterbury. The first archbishop ...
(b. 1617)
* November 30 – Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1612)
* December 5 – Levinus Bennet, English politician (b. 1631)
* December 12 – Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, Countess of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1640)
* December 13
** Dosoftei, Moldavian Metropolitan (b. 1624)
** Willem van de Velde the Elder, Dutch painter (b. c. 1611)
* December 14 – Giuseppe Felice Tosi, Italian composer (b. 1619)
*
December 16
Events Pre-1600
* 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom.
* ...
– Jacques Rousseau (painter), Jacques Rousseau, painter from France (b. 1630)
* December 21 – Hendrick Mommers, Dutch painter (b. 1623)
* December 22 – Elisabeth Hevelius, Danzig astronomer (b. 1647)
* December 24 – Nicolaes Maes, Dutch painter (b. 1634)
*
December 27
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – The second Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is consecrated.
*1512 – The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to Indigenous peoples of the Americas, native Ind ...
– Henri de Villars (died 1693), Henri de Villars, French prelate (b. 1621)
* December 29 – Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland, English Earl (b. 1644)
* ''date unknown'' – Lars Nilsson (shaman), Lars Nilsson, Sami shaman in Sweden
References
{{Commons category-inline
1693,