Events

January–March

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

– The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbian rebels and Austrian troops in battle at Kaçanik Gorge, prompting more than 30,000 Serb refugees to flee northward from Kosovo, Macedonia and Sandžak to the Austrian Empire. *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

– At the age of 11 years old, Prince Joseph, son of

Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I (Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Franz Felician; ; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, List of Croatian monarchs, Croatia, and List of Bohemian monarchs, Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III, Holy Rom ...

, is named as "

King of the Romans King of the Romans (; ) was the title used by the king of East Francia following his election by the princes from the reign of Henry II (1002–1024) onward. The title originally referred to any German king between his election and coronatio ...

", the next in line to become the Emperor. *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...

– The first recorded full peal is rung, at

St Sepulchre-without-Newgate Holy Sepulchre London, formerly and in some official uses Saint Sepulchre-without-Newgate, is the largest Anglican parish church in the City of London. It stands on the north side of Holborn Viaduct across a crossroads from the Old Bailey, and i ...

in the

City of London The City of London, also known as ''the City'', is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county and Districts of England, local government district with City status in the United Kingdom, city status in England. It is the Old town, his ...

, marking a new era in

change ringing Change ringing is the art of ringing a set of tuning (music), tuned bell (instrument), bells in a tightly controlled manner to produce precise variations in their successive striking sequences, known as "changes". This can be by method ringing in ...

. *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the ra ...

– Captain Thomas Pound, after being captured with his crew the previous month, is tried in Boston and found guilty of piracy although he is later reprieved. *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...

** The crew of the ship HMS ''Welfare'', commanded by John Strong, become the first European people to land at the

Falkland Islands The Falkland Islands (; ), commonly referred to as The Falklands, is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about east of South America's southern Patagonian coast and from Cape Dub ...

. ** William Coward is hanged for acts of piracy, following his capture after seizing the ketch ''Elenor'' anchored in Boston Harbor the previous year. ** The Convention Parliament is dissolved in England. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...

– King

William III of England William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of County of Holland, Holland, County of Zeeland, Zeeland, Lordship of Utrecht, Utrec ...

calls for new

elections An election is a formal group decision-making process whereby a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated ...

for the 512-member

House of Commons The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the Bicameralism, bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of ...

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...

– The

Schenectady massacre The Schenectady massacre was an attack against the colonial settlement of Schenectady in the English Province of New York on February 8, 1690. A raiding party of 114 French soldiers and militiamen, accompanied by 96 allied Mohawk and Algonqui ...

takes place in the village of

Schenectady Schenectady ( ) is a City (New York), city in Schenectady County, New York, United States, of which it is the county seat. As of the United States Census 2020, 2020 census, the city's population of 67,047 made it the state's ninth-most populo ...

in the

colony of New York The Province of New York was a British proprietary colony and later a royal colony on the northeast coast of North America from 1664 to 1783. It extended from Long Island on the Atlantic, up the Hudson River and Mohawk River valleys to the G ...

, when 200 Frenchmen, Mohawk and Algonquin warriors kill or capture most of the inhabitants in retaliation for the

Lachine massacre The Lachine massacre, part of the Beaver Wars, occurred when 1,500 Mohawk warriors launched a surprise attack against the small (375 inhabitants) settlement of Lachine, New France, at the upper end of Montreal Island, on the morning of 5 August ...

. *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...

– The opera '' Orphée'' by Louis Lully receives its first performance at the Académie Royale de Musique (the

Paris Opera The Paris Opera ( ) is the primary opera and ballet company of France. It was founded in 1669 by Louis XIV as the , and shortly thereafter was placed under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Lully and officially renamed the , but continued to be kn ...

). *

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes ...

– An annular

solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs approximately every six months, during the eclipse season i ...

is visible across the south of the Pacific Ocean. *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 *1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. *1600 – The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden: five Swedish n ...

– The

2nd Parliament of William III and Mary II The 2nd Parliament of King William III and Queen Mary II was summoned by William III of England and Mary II of England on 6 February 1690 and assembled on 20 March 1690. The new parliament was more or less equally divided along party lines, wi ...

is assembled in London, split almost equally with 243 Whigs, 241 Tories, and 28 independent members.

April–June

April 6 Events Pre–1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus. * 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia. * ...

–

issues a document inviting Serbians to resettle in

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

, at this time a part of the Empire. *

April 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1457 BC – Battle of Megido – the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. * 69 – Defeated by Vitellius' troops at Bedriacum, Roman emperor Otho commits suicide. * ...

– An estimated 8.0 magnitude earthquake strikes in the Caribbean Sea less than from

Barbuda Barbuda (; ) is an island and dependency located in the eastern Caribbean forming part of the twin-island state of Antigua and Barbuda as an autonomous entity. Barbuda is located approximately north of Antigua. The only settlements on the i ...

and also affects St. Kitts and Nevis, as well as Antigua. *

April 25 Events Pre-1600 * 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. * 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against th ...

– The

Parliament of Scotland In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

passes an Act to abolish

episcopy An episcopal polity is a hierarchical form of church governance in which the chief local authorities are called bishops. The word "bishop" here is derived via the British Latin and Vulgar Latin term ''*ebiscopus''/''*biscopus'', . It is the s ...

in the presbyterian

Church of Scotland The Church of Scotland (CoS; ; ) is a Presbyterian denomination of Christianity that holds the status of the national church in Scotland. It is one of the country's largest, having 245,000 members in 2024 and 259,200 members in 2023. While mem ...

. The Anglican Episcopal Church in Scotland continues as a separate denomination, retaining bishops. *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the '' ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes ...

– Sultan Toloko ibn-Sibori becomes the new Sultan of Ternate, located on the

Maluku Islands The Maluku Islands ( ; , ) or the Moluccas ( ; ) are an archipelago in the eastern part of Indonesia. Tectonics, Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located in West ...

in the

Dutch East Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 Au ...

after the death of his father, Sultan Sibori Amsterdam. *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. * 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. *13 ...

– The

Battle of Port Royal The Battle of Port Royal was one of the earliest amphibious operations of the American Civil War, in which a United States Navy fleet and United States Army expeditionary force captured Port Royal Sound, South Carolina, between Savannah, Geo ...

takes place in

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada, located on its east coast. It is one of the three Maritime Canada, Maritime provinces and Population of Canada by province and territory, most populous province in Atlan ...

after an invasion by a militia of 446 soldiers and 226 sailors from the

Massachusetts Bay Colony The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around Massachusetts Bay, one of the several colonies later reorganized as the Province of M ...

on seven warships. With only 90 French colonial soldiers to defend Port-Royal, Acadian Governor

Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Menneval Louis-Alexandre des Friches de Menneval (; fl. 1687–1703) was a governor of Acadia Acadia (; ) was a colony of New France in northeastern North America which included parts of what are now the The Maritimes, Maritime provinces, the Gaspé P ...

surrenders before the end of the day. *

May 20 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The First Council of Nicaea is formally opened, starting the first ecumenical council of the Christian Church. * 491 – Empress Ariadne marries Anastasius I. The widowed '' Augusta'' is able to choose h ...

–

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

passes the Act of Grace, forgiving followers of the deposed James II. *

June 8 Events Pre-1600 * 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. * 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...

– Siddi general Yadi Sakat razes the Mazagon Fort in

Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...

. *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. * 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...

– King

(William of Orange) lands in

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

to confront James II. * June – An earthquake in Brazil of estimated magnitude 7, with

epicenter The epicenter (), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates. Determination The primary purpose of a ...

on the left bank of the Amazon River about 45 km downstream from

Manaus Manaus () is the List of capitals of subdivisions of Brazil, capital and largest city of the States of Brazil, Brazilian state of Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas. It is the List of largest cities in Brazil, seventh-largest city in Brazil, w ...

, spreads

seismic wave A seismic wave is a mechanical wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth or another planetary body. It can result from an earthquake (or generally, a quake), volcanic eruption, magma movement, a large landslide and a large ma ...

s through the forest and is felt up to 1000 km away.

July–September

* July 10 (June 30 O.S.) – Battle of Beachy Head: the Anglo-Dutch navy is defeated by the French, giving rise to fears of a Jacobite invasion of England. *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius). * 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair ...

(July 1 O.S.) –

Battle of the Boyne The Battle of the Boyne ( ) took place in 1690 between the forces of the deposed King James II, and those of King William III who, with his wife Queen Mary II (his cousin and James's daughter), had acceded to the Crowns of England and Sc ...

in Ireland: King

(William of Orange) defeats the deposed James II, who returns to exile in

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

. The rebellion in Ireland continues for a further year until the Orange army gains full control. *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...

– A French landing party raids and burns

Teignmouth Teignmouth ( ) is a seaside town, fishing port and civil parishes in England, civil parish in the English county of Devon. It is on the north bank of the estuary mouth of the River Teign, about south of Exeter. The town had a population of 14 ...

Devon Devon ( ; historically also known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel to the north, Somerset and Dorset to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Cornwall to the west ...

, England. However, with the loss of James II's position in Ireland, any plans for a real invasion are soon shelved, and Teignmouth is the last French attack on England. *

August 24 Events Pre-1600 * 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father. * 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written ...

– In

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

, the

fort A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from La ...

and trading settlement of Sutanuti is founded on the

Hooghly River The Hooghly River (, also spelled ''Hoogli'' or ''Hugli'') is the westernmost distributary of the Ganges, situated in West Bengal, India. It is known in its upper reaches as the Bhagirathi. The Bhagirathi splits off from the main branch of the G ...

by the

English East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South Asia and Southeast A ...

, following the signing of an Anglo- Mughal treaty. *

September 25 Events Pre-1600 * 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus. * 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt ...

– The only issue of '' Publick Occurrences'' is published in

Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...

Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

, before being suppressed by the colonial authorities.

October–December

* October 6 **

Puritan The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should b ...

s, led by Sir

William Phips Sir William Phips (or Phipps; February 2, 1651 – February 18, 1695) was the first royally appointed governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, and the first native-born person from New England to be knighted. Phips was famous in his lifeti ...

, besiege the city of

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

; the siege ends in failure after six days. **An earthquake with strength 5.2 occurs in

Caernarfon Caernarfon (; ) is a List of place names with royal patronage in the United Kingdom, royal town, Community (Wales), community and port in Gwynedd, Wales. It has a population of 9,852 (with Caeathro). It lies along the A487 road, on the easter ...

Wales Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by the Irish Sea to the north and west, England to the England–Wales border, east, the Bristol Channel to the south, and the Celtic ...

, causing tremors that can be felt as far away as London and Dublin. *

October 8 Events Pre-1600 * 316 – Constantine I Battle of Cibalae, defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories. * 451 – The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins. * 876 – Frankish forces led by Louis ...

–

Great Turkish War The Great Turkish War () or The Last Crusade, also called in Ottoman sources The Disaster Years (), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (1684), Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Polish–Lith ...

: The Ottomans recapture Belgrade. *

October 16 Events Pre-1600 * 456 – Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire. * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire. * ...

– Lawrence Justinian (1381–1456) and John of Sahagún (c. 1430–79) are

canonized Canonization is the declaration of a deceased person as an officially recognized saint, specifically, the official act of a Christian communion declaring a person worthy of public veneration and entering their name in the canon catalogue of sa ...

Pope Alexander VIII Pope Alexander VIII (; 22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 1689 to his death in February 1691. He is the most recent pope to take the ...

. *

October 21 Events Pre-1600 *1096 – A Seljuk Turkish army successfully fights off the People's Crusade at the Battle of Civetot. * 1097 – First Crusade: Crusaders led by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemund of Taranto, and Raymond IV, Count of Toul ...

– The play ''Amphitryon'' by

John Dryden John Dryden (; – ) was an English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who in 1668 was appointed England's first Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, Poet Laureate. He is seen as dominating the literary life of Restoration (En ...

, based on

Molière Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (; 15 January 1622 (baptised) – 17 February 1673), known by his stage name Molière (, ; ), was a French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded as one of the great writers in the French language and world liter ...

's 1668 play of the same name, receives its first performance at the

Theatre Royal, Drury Lane The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, commonly known as Drury Lane, is a West End theatre and listed building, Grade I listed building in Covent Garden, London, England. The building faces Catherine Street (earlier named Bridges or Brydges Street) an ...

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

. *

November 7 Events Pre-1600 * 335 – Athanasius, 20th pope of Alexandria, is banished to Trier on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. * 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. ...

– The opera ''Énée et Lavinie'' (''Aeneas and Lavinia'') by the French composer

Pascal Collasse Pascal Collasse (or Colasse) (22 January 1649 (baptism, baptised) – 17 July 1709) was a French composer of the Baroque era. Born in Rheims, Collasse became a disciple of Jean-Baptiste Lully during the latter's domination of the French operati ...

receives its first performance at the Académie Royale de Musique (the

). *

November 9 Events Pre-1600 * 694 – At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. * 1180 – The Battle of Fujigawa: Minamoto forces (30,000 ...

– Near

South Mimms South Mimms is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of South Mimms and Ridge, in the borough of Hertsmere in Hertfordshire in the East of England. It is a small settlement located near the junction of the M25 motorway with the ...

, England, several highwaymen stop a convoy carrying taxes from the

Midlands The Midlands is the central region of England, to the south of Northern England, to the north of southern England, to the east of Wales, and to the west of the North Sea. The Midlands comprises the ceremonial counties of Derbyshire, Herefor ...

and take £15,000. *

November 17 Events Pre-1600 * 887 – Emperor Charles the Fat is deposed by the Frankish magnates in an assembly at Frankfurt, leading his nephew, Arnulf of Carinthia, to declare himself king of the East Frankish Kingdom in late November. * 1183 &nd ...

–

Barclays Barclays PLC (, occasionally ) is a British multinational universal bank, headquartered in London, England. Barclays operates as two divisions, Barclays UK and Barclays International, supported by a service company, Barclays Execution Services ...

, which will continue to be active into the 21st century as a multinational bank and lending institution, is founded in

by John Freame and Thomas Gould as Freame & Gould. The bank changes its name in 1736 when James Barclay becomes a partner. * December 4 – A destructive earthquake in the

Eastern Alps The Eastern Alps are usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley, up to the Splügen Pass at the Main chain of the Alps, Alpine divide, and down the Liro (Como), Liro River to Lake Como in the south. ...

causes 24 casualties and results in damage in the

Villach Villach (; ; ; ) is the seventh-largest city in Austria and the second-largest in the federal state of Carinthia. It is an important traffic junction for southern Austria and the whole Alpe-Adria region. , the population is 61,887. Together wit ...

Carinthia Carinthia ( ; ; ) is the southernmost and least densely populated States of Austria, Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main ...

area. *

December 10 Events Pre-1600 *1317 – The Nyköping Banquet: King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers, dukes Valdemar and Erik, who are subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköping Castle. * 1508 – The Leag ...

–Playwright Henry Nevil Payne is tortured for his role in the

Montgomery Plot Sir James Montgomery, 4th Baronet (or Montgomerie, died 1694) was the tenth laird of Skelmorlie. He was a Scottish politician known for the Montgomery Plot, a Jacobite scheme to restore King James VII and II to the thrones of Scotland, Englan ...

to restore James II to the throne — the last time a political prisoner is legally subjected to torture in Britain. *

December 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1294 – Saint Celestine V resigns the papacy after only five months to return to his previous life as an ascetic hermit. * 1545 – The Council of Trent begins as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. * 1577 ...

– The

planet A planet is a large, Hydrostatic equilibrium, rounded Astronomical object, astronomical body that is generally required to be in orbit around a star, stellar remnant, or brown dwarf, and is not one itself. The Solar System has eight planets b ...

Uranus Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It is a gaseous cyan-coloured ice giant. Most of the planet is made of water, ammonia, and methane in a Supercritical fluid, supercritical phase of matter, which astronomy calls "ice" or Volatile ( ...

is first sighted and recorded, by England's first

Astronomer Royal Astronomer Royal is a senior post in the Royal Households of the United Kingdom. There are two officers, the senior being the astronomer royal dating from 22 June 1675; the junior is the astronomer royal for Scotland dating from 1834. The Astro ...

John Flamsteed John Flamsteed (19 August 1646 – 31 December 1719) was an English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal. His main achievements were the preparation of a 3,000-star catalogue, ''Catalogus Britannicus'', and a star atlas called '' Atlas ...

, who mistakenly catalogs it as a

star A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma (physics), plasma held together by Self-gravitation, self-gravity. The List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs, nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night sk ...

''34

Tauri The Tauri (; in Ancient Greek), or Taurians, also Scythotauri, Tauri Scythae, Tauroscythae ( Pliny, ''H. N.'' 4.85) were an ancient people settled on the southern coast of the Crimea peninsula, inhabiting the Crimean Mountains in the 1st millen ...

''. *

December 20 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – Antonius Primus enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor for Nero's former general Vespasian. * 1192 – Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England ...

(December 10, 1690 O.S.) — The General Court of the

Province of Massachusetts Bay The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a colony in New England which became one of the thirteen original states of the United States. It was chartered on October 7, 1691, by William III and Mary II, the joint monarchs of the kingdoms of Eng ...

creates the first authorized paper money issued by any government in the

Western World The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and state (polity), states in Western Europe, Northern America, and Australasia; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also const ...

as a substitute for coins.Andrew McFarland Davis, ''Currency and Banking in the Province of the Massachusetts-Bay'', Volume 1, Issue 4 (American Economic Association, 1900) p.10, p.370 The first money is printed on February 13, 1691 (N.S.) and is dated "Feb. 3, 1690" based on the British old style calendar in use at the time. *

December 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1170 – Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II; he subsequently becomes a saint and martyr in the Anglican Communion and the Catholic Church. * ...

– An earthquake hits

Ancona Ancona (, also ; ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of central Italy, with a population of around 101,997 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona, homonymous province and of the region. The city is located northeast of Ro ...

, in the

Papal States The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th c ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

and causes 10 deaths.

Date unknown

Serbian Patriarch This is a list of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church, since the establishment of the church as an Autocephaly, autocephalous archbishopric in 1219 to today's patriarchate. The list includes all the archbishops and patriarchs that led the Se ...

Arsenije III Carnojevic leads the first of the two Great Serbian Migrations into the

Habsburg Empire The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm (), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities (composite monarchy) that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is ...

, following Ottoman atrocities in

Kosovo Kosovo, officially the Republic of Kosovo, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe with International recognition of Kosovo, partial diplomatic recognition. It is bordered by Albania to the southwest, Montenegro to the west, Serbia to the ...

. * The

Hearth Tax A hearth tax was a property tax in certain countries during the medieval and early modern period, levied on each hearth, thus by proxy on wealth. It was calculated based on the number of hearths, or fireplaces, within a municipal area and is con ...

is abolished in

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

, one year after its abolition in England and

. * French physicist

Denis Papin Denis Papin FRS (; 22 August 1647 – 26 August 1713) was a French physicist, mathematician and inventor, best known for his pioneering invention of the steam digester, the forerunner of the pressure cooker, the steam engine, the centrifug ...

, while in

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

and having observed the mechanical power of atmospheric pressure on his 'digester', builds a working model of a reciprocating

steam engine A steam engine is a heat engine that performs Work (physics), mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a Cylinder (locomotive), cyl ...

for pumping water, the first of its kind, though not efficient. * Dutch

polymath A polymath or polyhistor is an individual whose knowledge spans many different subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems. Polymaths often prefer a specific context in which to explain their knowledge, ...

Christiaan Huygens Christiaan Huygens, Halen, Lord of Zeelhem, ( , ; ; also spelled Huyghens; ; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor who is regarded as a key figure in the Scientific Revolution ...

publishes his book ''

Treatise on Light ''Treatise on Light: In Which Are Explained the Causes of That Which Occurs in Reflection & Refraction'' () is a book written by Dutch polymath Christiaan Huygens that was published in French in 1690. The book describes Huygens's conception of ...

''. The book is considered a pioneering work of theoretical and mathematical physics. *

Giovanni Domenico Cassini Giovanni Domenico Cassini (8 June 1625 – 14 September 1712) was an Italian-French mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and engineer. Cassini was born in Perinaldo, near Imperia, at that time in the County of Nice, part of the Savoyard sta ...

observes

differential rotation Differential rotation is seen when different parts of a rotating object move with different angular velocities (or rates of rotation) at different latitudes and/or depths of the body and/or in time. This indicates that the object is not rigi ...

within

Jupiter Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the List of Solar System objects by size, largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a Jupiter mass, mass more than 2.5 times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined a ...

's atmosphere. * The construction of Fort Longueuil, a stone

Longueuil Longueuil () is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of the Montérégie, Montérégie administrative region and the central city of the urban agglomeration of Longueuil. It sits on the South Shore (Montreal), south shore o ...

, in

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

, is completed. It is one of the only buildings in Canada that could ever be considered a castle (fortified residence for a noble), and out of those buildings it most resembles the castles of Europe. * The

Barrage Vauban The ''Barrage Vauban'', or Vauban Dam, is a bridge, weir and defensive work erected in the 17th century on the River Ill in the city of Strasbourg in France. At that time, it was known as the Great Lock (''grande écluse''), although it does not ...

, a defensive work in the city of

Strasbourg Strasbourg ( , ; ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est Regions of France, region of Geography of France, eastern France, in the historic region of Alsace. It is the prefecture of the Bas-Rhin Departmen ...

(in modern-day

), is completed. * The French dictionary and encyclopaedia ''Dictionnaire universel, contenant generalement tous les mots françois'', compiled by

Antoine Furetière Antoine Furetière (28 December 161914 May 1688) was a French scholar, writer, and lexicographer, known best for his satirical novel ''Scarron's City Romance'', and also his famous Dictionnaire universel . He was expelled from the Académie F ...

, is published posthumously. * Possible year of the disappearance of the western part of the island of

Buise Buise was one of the East Frisian Islands off the North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. A sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocea ...

, in St. Peter's Flood.

Births

Ambito Francese - Vittoria di Savoia-Soissons - Racconigi

Maharana Sangram Singh Riding a Prize Stallion

January–March

March 3 Events Pre-1600 * 473 – Gundobad (nephew of Ricimer) nominates Glycerius as emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 724 – Empress Genshō abdicates the throne in favor of her nephew Shōmu who becomes emperor of Japan. * 1575 ...

– Gilbert Livingston (d.

1746 Events January–March * January 8 – The Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart occupies Stirling, Scotland. * January 17 – Battle of Falkirk Muir: British Government forces are defeated by Jacobite forces. * February ...

) *

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

** Christian Falster, Danish writer (d.

1752 In the British Empire, it was the only year with 355 days (11 days were dropped), as September 3–13 were skipped when the Empire adoption of the Gregorian calendar, adopted the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 ...

) ** Susanna Montgomerie, Countess of Eglinton, Scottish literary patron and society hostess (d.

1780 Events January–March * January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British Admiral Sir George Rodney defeats a Spanish fleet. * February 19 – The legislature of New York votes to all ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and th ...

– William Smelt, British Member of Parliament (d. 1755) *

–

Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel (13 January 1690 – 27 November 1749) was a German composer of the Baroque music, Baroque era. Biography Early life Stölzel was born in Schwarzenberg, Saxony, Grünstädtel in Saxony on 13 January 1690. His fath ...

, Spanish musician (d. 1749) *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...

** Lorenzo Fratellini, Italian painter (d.

1729 Events January–March * January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover ...

) ** Chrysostomus Hanthaler, Austrian historian (d. 1754) *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1458 BC – Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings. * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the R ...

– Juan Curiel, Spanish intellectual and politician (d.

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps tow ...

) *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...

– Peter Schnitler, Danish/Norwegian jurist and military officer (d.

1757 Events January–March * January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British East India Company Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India. * January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assa ...

) *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...

– William Duncombe, British translator (d.

1769 Events January–March * February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture ...

) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

–

Nicolas Lancret Nicolas Lancret (; 22 January 1690 – 14 September 1743) was a List of French artists, French painter. Born in Paris, he was a brilliant depicter of light comedy which reflected the tastes and manners of French society during the Régence, regen ...

, French painter (d. 1743) *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...

** Phineas Bowles, British Army officer (d. 1749) ** James Ward, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1736) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...

– Jean-Paul de Rome d'Ardène, French botanist, agronomist and priest (d.

) *

January 28 Events Pre-1600 *AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...

– Corbet Kynaston, British Member of Parliament (d. 1740) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

– Francesco Maria Veracini, Italian composer (d.

1768 Events January–March * January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London. * February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Re ...

) *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

–

Richard Rawlinson Richard Rawlinson Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (3 January 1690 – 6 April 1755) was an England, English clergyman and antiquarian collector of books and manuscripts, which he bequeathed to the Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Oxford. ...

, English minister, antiquarian (d. 1755) *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...

– Johann Daniel Schumacher, Russian scholar (d.

1761 Events January–March * January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: In India, the armies of the Durrani Empire from Afghanistan, led by Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, killing over 1 ...

) *

** Giovanni Battista Maini, Italian artist (d.

) ** Kilian Stobæus, Swedish physician (d.

1742 Events January–March * January 9 – Robert Walpole is made Earl of Orford, and resigns as First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, effectively ending his period as Prime Minister of Great Britain. On his f ...

) *

February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 & ...

– Charles Frederick II, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (d.

) *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...

–

Maria Vittoria of Savoy Maria Vittoria of Savoy (Maria Vittoria Francesca; 9 February 1690 – 8 July 1766) was a legitimated daughter of Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, first king of the House of Savoy. Married to the head of a cadet branch of the House of Savoy, she i ...

, Italian princess (d.

1766 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new House of Stuart, Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism. * Januar ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...

– Sir William Blackett, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d.

1728 Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana'', the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana. * January 9 – The coronation of Peter II as the Tsar of t ...

) *

February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...

– Jakob Ernst von Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn, Austrian archbishop (d. 1747) *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons ...

** Marcello Papiniano Cusani, Italian archbishop (d.

) ** Samuel Phillips, American clergyman (d. 1771) *

February 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1076 – Having received a letter during the Lenten synod of 14–20 February demanding that he abdicate, Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. * 1316 – The Battle of Picotin, between Fer ...

– Daniele Farlati, Italian Jesuit and historian (d.

1773 Events January–March * January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as '' Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Buck ...

) *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 * 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 320 – Chandragupta ...

– Samuel van der Putte, Dutch traveler and explorer (d. 1745) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...

–

Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia Grand Duke Alexei Petrovich of Russia (28 February 1690 – 26 June 1718) was a Russian Tsarevich. He was born in Moscow, the son of Tsar Peter the Great, Peter I and his first wife, Eudoxia Lopukhina. Alexei did not get along with his father ...

, Russian Tsarevich (d. 1718) *

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

** Silvio Valenti Gonzaga, Catholic cardinal (d.

1756 Events January–March * January 16 – The Anglo-Prussian alliance (1756)#Treaty, Treaty of Westminster is signed between Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Electorate of Hanover, c ...

) **

Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano Victor Amadeus of Savoy, 3rd Prince of Carignano (1 March 1690 – 4 April 1741) was an Italian nobleman who was Prince of Carignano from 1709 to 1741. He was the son of Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, Prince of Carignano and his wife, Maria Angel ...

, Italian nobleman (d.

1741 Events January–March * January 13 ** Lanesborough, Massachusetts is created as a township. ** Conventicle Act of 1741 is introduced in Denmark-Norway. *February 13 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain ...

) *

– Johann Jakob Schmauss, German jurist (d.

) *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of th ...

– George Lee, 2nd Earl of Lichfield, British peer (d. 1743) *

March 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York. * 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse to recant are burnt to death after the Fall of Montségur. * 1355 – Amidst the Red Turban Rebellions, Han Lin'er, ...

– Benjamin Elbel, German theologian (d.

) *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ar ...

–

Christian Goldbach Christian Goldbach ( , ; 18 March 1690 – 20 November 1764) was a Prussian mathematician connected with some important research mainly in number theory; he also studied law and took an interest in and a role in the Russian court. After travel ...

, Prussian mathematician (d.

1764 Events January–June * January 7 – The Siculicidium is carried out as hundreds of the Székely minority in Transylvania are massacred by the Austrian Army at Madéfalva. * January 19 – John Wilkes is expelled from th ...

) *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. * 1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the las ...

– Casimir William of Hesse-Homburg, Prince of Hesse-Homburg (d.

1726 Events January–March * January 23 – (January 12 Old Style) The Conventicle Act (''Konventikelplakatet'') is adopted in Sweden, outlawing all non-Lutheran religious meetings outside of church services. * January 26 – T ...

) *

March 24 Events Pre-1600 *1199 – King Richard I of England is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting in France, leading to his death on April 6. * 1387 – English victory over a Franco- Castilian- Flemish fleet in the Battle of Margat ...

– Sangram Singh II, Maharana of Mewar (d. 1734) *

March 29 Events Pre-1600 * 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of Venice. * 1461 – Battle of Towton: Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England, bringing a ...

–

John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu Major-General John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu, (1690 – 5 July 1749), styled Viscount Monthermer until 1705 and Marquess of Monthermer between 1705 and 1709, was a British Army officer, courtier and the fifth Grand Master of the Premier Gr ...

, British duke (d. 1749)

April–June

April 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1513 – Having spotted land on March 27, Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on what is now the U.S. state of Florida, landing somewhere between the modern city of St. Augustine and the mouth of the St ...

–

Angelo Piò Angelo Gabriello Piò (1690 - 1770) was an Italian sculptor, active in Bologna in a Rococo style. Life In Bologna, he studied from 1711 to 1712 under Andrea Ferreri (1673–1744). He was also a pupil of Giuseppe Maria Mazza. After 1718, he stu ...

, Italian sculptor (d.

) *

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. * 1139 – ...

– Domenico Maria Manni, Italian historian (d.

1788 Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of ''The Times'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in London. * January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S ...

) *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, ...

– Johan Henrik Scheffel, Swedish artist (d.

1781 Events January–March * January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament of Great Britain, Parliament, aged 21. * January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens ...

) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Henry V, King of Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. * 1455 – Thirteen Years' War: ...

– Joachim Wagner, organ builder (d. 1749) *

April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...

– Jan Wandelaar, painter and engraver from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1759) *

April 15 Events Pre-1600 * 769 – The Lateran Council ends by condemning the Council of Hieria and anathematizing its iconoclastic rulings. * 1071 – Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy, is surrendered to Robert Guisca ...

–

John Wallop, 1st Earl of Portsmouth John Wallop, 1st Earl of Portsmouth (15 April 1690 – 22 November 1762), of Hurstbourne Park, near Whitchurch and Farleigh Wallop, Hampshire, known as John Wallop, 1st Viscount Lymington from 1720 to 1743, was a British politician who sat in th ...

, English politician and nobleman (d.

1762 Events January–March * January 4 – Seven Years' War: Kingdom of Great Britain, Britain declares war against Enlightenment in Spain, Spain and Kingdom of Naples, Naples, following their Treaty of Paris (1761), recent alliance ...

) *

April 20 Events Pre-1600 * 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII. 1601–1900 * 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament. * 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...

– Giuseppe Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla, Italian noble (d.

) *

April 22 Events Pre-1600 * 1500 – Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral lands in Brazil ( discovery of Brazil). * 1519 – Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés establishes a settlement at Veracruz, Mexico. * 1529 – Treaty of Zara ...

John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, 7th Seigneur of Sark (; 22 April 16902 January 1763), commonly known by his earlier title Lord Carteret, was a British statesman and Lord President of the Council from 1751 to 1763 and worked closely with the ...

, British statesman (d. 1763) ** Robert Raikes the Elder, English printer (d.

) *

– Gottlieb Muffat, Austrian composer and organist (d.

1770 Events January– March * January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort. * February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Vi ...

) * April 26 – Henri-Joseph Rega, physician and rector of the university of Leuven (d. 1754) *

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. * 1169 & ...

– Luke Schaub, British diplomat (d.

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

) *

May 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1194 – King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first royal charter. * 1230 – William de Braose is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great. * 1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and impris ...

– Talbot Yelverton, 1st Earl of Sussex, British Earl (d. 1731) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. * 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...

– Jean Moreau de Séchelles, French politician (d.

) *

May 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1027 – Robert II of France Robert II ( 972 – 20 July 1031), called the Pious () or the Wise (), was List of French monarchs, King of the Franks from 996 to 1031, the second from the Capetian dynasty. Crowned Juni ...

– Jean Bouillet, French physician (d.

1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second ...

) *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...

– Joseph Johann Adam, Prince of Liechtenstein (d. 1732) *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within . * 1381 – ...

– Anton Sturm, German sculptor (d.

) *

June 2 Events Pre-1600 * 260 – Sima Zhao's regicide of Cao Mao: The figurehead Wei emperor Cao Mao personally leads an attempt to oust his regent, Sima Zhao; the attempted coup is crushed and the emperor killed. * 455 – Sack of Rome: ...

– Louis Petit de Bachaumont, French writer (d. 1771) *

June 3 Events Pre-1600 * 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators. * 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...

– François de Pâris, Catholic priest and theologian (d. 1727) *

June 9 Events Pre-1600 * 411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy. * 53 – The Roman emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia. * 68 – Nero dies by suicide after quoting Vergil's ''Aeneid'', thus ending the J ...

– Michel-Étienne Turgot, French lawyer (d. 1751) *

June 11 Events Pre-1600 * 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty ( 171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...

– Giovanni Antonio Giay, Italian composer (d.

) *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...

– George Albert, Prince of East Frisia (d. 1734)

July–September

July 7 Events Pre-1600 * 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks. * 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her execution. * 1520 – Spanish ''conquistad ...

– Johann Tobias Krebs, German composer and organist (d.

) * July 10 – Sir Henry Oxenden, 4th Baronet, British politician (d.

1720 Events January–March * January 21 – Sweden and Prussia sign the Treaty of Stockholm (Great Northern War). * February 10 – Edmond Halley is appointed as Astronomer Royal for England. * February 17 – The Treaty o ...

) * July 12 – Epes Sargent, soldier (d.

) *

July 13 Events Pre-1600 *1174 – William the Lion, William I of Scotland, a key Rebellion, rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England. *1249 – Coronation of Alexander III of Scotland, Ale ...

– Placidus Böcken, German lawyer (d.

) *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridg ...

– Ferdinand von Plettenberg, German politician (d.

1737 Events January–March * January 5 – Spain and the Holy Roman Empire sign instruments of cession at Pontremoli in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in Italy, with the Empire receiving control of Tuscany and the Grand Duchy of Parm ...

) * August 3 – Jean Pâris de Monmartel, French private banker (d.

) *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus Fall of the Western Roman Empire, ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, Posthumous name, posthumously known as ...

– Polykarp Leyser IV, German academic (d.

) *

September 7 Events Pre-1600 * 878 – Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII. * 1159 – Cardinal Rolando Bandinelli is elected Pope Alexander III, prompting the election of Cardinal Octaviano Monticelli as Anti ...

– Karl Heinrich von Bogatzky, German hymnwriter (d. 1774) *

September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – After the capture of Herod's Palace the previous day, a Roman army under Titus secures and plunders the city of Jerusalem. * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path ...

** Zachary Pearce, English bishop (d. 1774) ** Lorenzo Zavateri, Italian baroque violinist (d.

) *

September 10 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. * 1089 – The first synod of pope Urban II starts in Melfi, with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decree ...

– Maeda Yoshinori, daimyo (d. 1745) * September 12 – Peter Dens, Belgian Catholic theologian (d.

) *

September 15 Events Pre-1600 * 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes. * 1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against hi ...

– Ignazio Prota, Italian composer (d. 1748) *

September 18 Events Pre-1600 * 96 – Emperor Domitian is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. Nerva is then proclaimed as his successor. * 324 – Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius i ...

– Charles Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (d. 1774) * September 23 – Giuseppe Bazzani, Italian painter (d.

) *

September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...

** Jacques-Barthélemy Micheli du Crest, Genevan cartographer (d.

) ** Michel Fourmont, French religious servant and professor (d.

) **

James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl James Murray, 2nd Duke of Atholl, (28 September 16908 January 1764), styled Marquess of Tullibardine between 1715 and 1746, was the Lord of Mann, a Scottish peer, and Lord Privy Seal. Life Atholl was born in Edinburgh, Scotland and was the ...

, British politician (d.

)

October–December

* October 9 – Robert Woodcock, English artist and composer (d.

) *

October 13 Events Pre-1600 * 54 – Roman emperor Claudius dies from poisoning under mysterious circumstances. He is succeeded by his adoptive son Nero, rather than by Britannicus, his son with Messalina. * 409 – Vandals and Alans cross the ...

– Jean de Boullonges, French politician (d.

) *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. *1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's in ...

–

Léopold Philippe d'Arenberg Leopold may refer to: People * Leopold (given name), including a list of people named Leopold or Léopold * Leopold (surname) Fictional characters * Leopold (The Simpsons), Leopold (''The Simpsons''), Superintendent Chalmers' assistant on ''The ...

, Austrian field marshal (d. 1754) *

October 15 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. * 121 ...

– Martha Blount, friend of Alexander Pope (d.

) *

October 18 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation. * 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek phil ...

– Thomas Lewis, British politician (d.

) * October 19 – Louis-Guillaume Verrier, Canadian lawyer (d.

) *

October 28 Events Pre-1600 * 97 – Roman emperor Nerva is forced by the Praetorian Guard to adopt general Marcus Ulpius Trajanus as his heir and successor. * 306 – Maxentius is proclaimed Roman emperor. * 312 – Constantine I defeat ...

– Peter Tordenskjold, Norwegian sea officer (d.

) * October 29 – Martin Folkes, English antiquary, numismatist, mathematician, astronomer (d. 1754) * November 4 – Guillaume-Hyacinthe Bougeant, French Jesuit and writer (d. 1743) * November 5 ** Carlo Giuseppe Merlo, Italian architect of the late-Baroque period (d. 1760) ** Frederick Louis of Württemberg-Winnental, German army commander (d. 1734) *

** Francisco Carriedo, General of Philippines (d. 1743) ** Dominic Marquard, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort, German nobleman (d. 1735) * November 10 – Christine Charlotte of Solms-Braunfels, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1771) * November 13 – Ernst Johann von Biron, Duke of Courland and Semigallia (d. 1772) * November 16 – John Brownlow, 1st Viscount Tyrconnel, Irish Viscount (d. 1754) *

– Noël-Nicolas Coypel, French painter (d. 1734) * November 22 – François Colin de Blamont, French composer (d. 1760) * November 24 (baptized) – Charles Theodore Pachelbel, German/American composer (d. 1750) * November 28 – Carlo Lodoli, Italian architect (d.

) * November 29 – Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, German general (d. 1747) * December 1 ** Karl Philipp von Greifenclau zu Vollraths, German bishop (d. 1754) ** Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, English lawyer, politician, Lord Chancellor (d.

) * December 2 – Robert Shafto (1690–1729), Robert Shafto, British politician (d.

) * December 3 – José Maria da Fonseca e Évora, Franciscan friar and bishop, Portuguese Commissary General of the Franciscan Order (d.

) * December 18 – Sir Edmund Isham, 6th Baronet, English baronet and Member of Parliament (d. 1772) * December 22 ** Marie Anne Éléonore de Bourbon, French noble (d. 1760) ** Pamheiba, Meidingu Pamheiba, List of Meitei kings, King of Manipur (d. 1751) * December 25 – William Dicey (d.

) * ''date unknown'' – Thomas Carter (1690–1763), Thomas Carter, Irish politician (d. 1763)

Deaths

January–March

– John Berry (Royal Navy officer), John Berry, Royal Navy officer (b. 1635) * January 3 – Hillel ben Naphtali Zevi, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1615) * January 8 – Andrei Bezobrazov, Russian official (b. 1614) * January 20 – Johannes Gezelius the elder, Finnish bishop (b. 1615) * January 26 – Marcjan Aleksander Ogiński, Polish noble (b. 1632) *

– Anna Eleonore of Stolberg-Wernigerode, politician (b. 1651) *

** George Livingston, 3rd Earl of Linlithgow, Scottish politician (b. 1616) ** Philippe Mestrezat, Genevan minister (b. 1618) *

– Anne Doddington (b. 1642) *

– Jan van Buken, Flemish painter (b. 1635) *

** John Faldo, English minister (b. 1633) ** Sir William Morice, 1st Baronet, English royalist statesman (b. 1620) *

** John Louis, Count of Nassau-Ottweiler (b. 1625) ** David Pieterse Schuyler, Dutch-born fur trader, ship's captain and merchant (b. 1636) * February 10 – Gijsbert Verhoek, Dutch painter (b. 1644) * February 20 – Theodor Caroli, German physician (b. 1660) *

– Charles Le Brun, French painter and art theorist (b. 1619) * February 23 – Elizabeth Walker (pharmacist), Elizabeth Walker, English pharmacist (b. 1623) * February 27 – Edward Montagu (1649–1690), Edward Montagu, English politician (b. 1649) *

– Richard Wenman, 4th Viscount Wenman, English politician and Irish Viscount (b. 1657) * March 5 – Joshua Janavel, waldensian rebel (b. 1617) * March 17 ** Jan van Mieris, Dutch painter (b. 1660) ** Patriarch Joachim of Moscow, Patriarch of Moscow (b. 1620) *

– Sir William Portman, 6th Baronet, English politician (b. 1643) *

– Sebastián Muñoz (painter), Sebastián Muñoz, painter (b. 1654) * March 21 – Henry Teonge, British writer (b. 1621) * March 28 – Emmanuel Tzanes, Greek Painter (b. 1610)

April–June

* April 1 ** James Annesley, 2nd Earl of Anglesey, politician (b. 1645) ** Johann Christoph von Freyberg-Allmendingen, German priest (b. 1616) *

– Gedeon Chetvertinsky, Ruthenian prince, religious figure, Metropolitan of Kiev (b. 1634) *

– Michael I Apafi, Hungarian Prince of Transylvania (b. 1632) *

– Gesina ter Borch, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1633) * April 17 – Caspar Ziegler, German jurist, poet and composer (b. 1621) * April 18 ** Melchior Heßler, German engineer and builder (b. 1619) ** Ayaşlı Ismail Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (b. 1620) ** Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, Austrian-born general of the Holy Roman Empire (b. 1643) *

– Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, Dauphine of France (b. 1660) * April 21 – Jacob de Graeff, member of the De Graeff-family from the Dutch Golden Age (b. 1642) *

– David Teniers the Younger, Flemish painter (b. 1610) * April 28 – Étienne Le Hongre, French sculptor (b. 1628) * April 30 – René Le Pays, French poet (b. 1634) * May 9 ** Theodore Haak, German-born scholar (b. 1605) ** Raymond Poisson, French actor (b. 1630) ** Abraham Wright (deacon), Abraham Wright, English theological writer and deacon (b. 1611) * May 12 – John Rushworth, English author of ''Historical Collections'' (b. c. 1612) * May 15 – Eberhard Werner Happel, author (b. 1647) * May 21 – John Eliot (missionary), John Eliot, Puritan missionary to the American Indians (b. 1604) * May 22 – Johann Jacob Schütz, German lawyer (b. 1640) * May 23 – Francesco di Maria, Italian painter (b. 1623) * May 26 ** Samuel Lincoln, American colonial ancestor of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1622) ** Luís de Meneses, 3rd Count of Ericeira, Portuguese politician and historian (b. 1632) * May 27 – Giovanni Legrenzi, Italian composer (b. 1626) * June 4 ** Sir Charles Erskine, 1st Baronet of Alva, Scottish politician (b. 1643) ** François Tortebat, French engraver (b. 1616) *

– Jean Prestet, French priest and mathematician (b. 1648) *

– Frederik Bloemaert, Dutch printmaker and draftsman (b. 1610) *

– Maurice Berkeley, 3rd Viscount Fitzhardinge, English politician (b. 1628) * June 19 – Ezekiel Hopkins, Irish bishop (b. 1634)

July–September

* July 1 ** Albrecht Georg of Limburg, Count of Limburg (b. 1660) ** Sir Neil O'Neill, 2nd Baronet, Irish Catholic nobleman and soldier (b. 1658) ** Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt, German nobleman (b. 1657) ** George Walker (1645-1690), George Walker, Irish soldier and Anglican priest (b. 1645) * July 8 – Aaron ben Moses Teomim, rabbi (b. 1630) * July 9 – Hosokawa Yukitaka, daimyo (b. 1637) * July 10 ** Jan van Brakel, Dutch admiral (b. 1638) ** Domenico Gabrielli, Italian cellist and composer (b. 1659) *

** John Burnyeat, British Quaker writer (b. 1631) ** Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg, Marshal of France (b. 1615) * July 15 – Carlo Antonio Bussi, Swiss artist (b. 1658) * July 21 ** Gregorio Carafa, Calabrian-born 62nd Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1615) ** Cristobal of Saint Catherine, Spanish Catholic priest (b. 1638) * July 23 – Richard Gibson (painter), Richard Gibson, British artist (b. 1615) *

– François Bailly, French mason and architect (b. 1630) * July 28 – Baptist Noel (MP), Baptist Noel, English politician (b. 1658) * July 29 – John Brockett (American colonist), John Brockett, co-founder of New Haven Colony (b. 1611) * August 5 – Sebastiano Pisani (iuniore), Sebastiano Pisani, Roman Catholic prelate who was Bishop of Verona (b. 1630) * August 10 – Johannes Spilberg, Dutch painter (b. 1619) * August 17 – Gasparo Cavalieri, Italian cardinal (b. 1648) * August 20 – Alexander von Bournonville, Flemish noble and general (b. 1616) * August 31 – Mary Thimelby, prioress of St Monica's, Louvain, and author (b. 1610) * September 2 – Philip William, Elector Palatine, German-born ruler (b. 1615) * September 5 ** Louis-François de la Baume de Suze, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1595) ** Gottfried Welsch, German physician (b. 1618) *

** Jens Mikkelsen Ehrenborg, Danish soldier and public servant who later became a Swedish nobleman (b. 1621) ** Sir William Glynne, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1638) ** Sebastien Knab, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Nakhijevan (b. 1632) ** Lazzaro Morelli, Italian artist (b. 1608) * September 14 – José Jiménez Donoso, painter (b. 1632) * September 17 – William Pierrepont, 4th Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, English Earl (b. 1662) * September 19 ** Giovanni Stefano Danedi, Italian painter (b. 1612) ** Elizabeth Percy, Countess of Northumberland, English noble (b. 1646) * September 21 – Wriothesley Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough, English politician (b. 1661) * September 23 – Yebušu, duke of the First Rank (b. 1627) *

– Pieter van Lint, Flemish painter (b. 1609) * September 26 – Joachim Ernst von Grumbkow, German general (b. 1637)

October–December

* October 1 – Girolamo Corner, Venetian statesman and military commander (b. 1632) * October 3 – Robert Barclay, Scottish Quaker apologist (b. 1648) * October 7 ** Arnold van Ravesteyn, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1605) ** Jacques Savary, successful French merchant (b. 1622) * October 9 ** Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton, Illegitimate son of King Charles II and English duke (b. 1663) ** Joseph Judson, deputy (b. 1619) ** John Maynard (1604–1690), John Maynard, English lawyer and politician; (b. 1604) * October 10 ** Laurids Lindenov, Danish nobleman and civil servant in Norway (b. 1640) ** Louis Charles d'Albert de Luynes, French aristocrat (b. 1620) *

– Ole Borch, Danish scientist (b. 1626) *

** Juan de Valdés Leal, Spanish painter and etcher (b. 1622) ** Adam Frans van der Meulen, Flemish painter (b. 1632) * October 17 – Margaret Mary Alacoque, Catholic Saint and Mystic (b. 1647) * October 20 – Sir Henry Felton, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1619) *

– Isabel Luísa, Princess of Beira, Portuguese Royal (b. 1669) * October 22 (buried) – William Ball (astronomer), English astronomer (b. c. 1631) * October 23 ** Thomas Minor, American city founder (b. 1608) ** Antonie Waterloo, Flemish painter and engraver (b. 1609) * October 25 ** Jean-Baptiste Christyn, Jurist and diplomat in the Spanish Netherlands and Chancellor of Brabant (b. 1630) ** Cornelius Hazart, Dutch Jesuit priest, polemical author (b. 1617) * October 27 – Sir Robert Markham, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1644) * October 30 – Hieronymus van Beverningh, Dutch diplomat and politician (b. 1614) * November 3 ** Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay, French politician (b. 1651) ** Nicholas Delves, English politician (b. 1618) * November 4 – Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Jena, German noble (b. 1675) * November 5 – Giacomo Villani, catholic Bishop (b. 1605) * November 12 – Francesco Arrigua, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nicotera (b. 1615) *

– Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, French military leader (b. 1610) * November 27 – Renier Meganck, Flemish painter (b. 1637) * December 1 – Stephen Greenleaf, American colonial politician (b. 1628) *

– Francis Morley, English Member of Parliament (b. 1623) * December 15 – Sir Thomas Allen, 1st Baronet, Baronet of London, in the County of Middlesex (b. 1630) * December 16 – Louise Elisabeth of Courland, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1646) * December 19 – Gustaf Düben, Swedish composer (b. 1628) * December 23 – Sir John Johnston, 3rd Baronet, Scottish army officer and kidnapper (b. 1648) * December 28 – Tommaso Costa, Italian painter (b. 1634) * December 30 – Philip Babington (died 1690), Philip Babington, politician (b. 1632)

References

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