1,3-Dinitrobenzene on:
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1,3-Dinitrobenzene is one of three
isomer
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element (chemistry), element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. ''Isomerism'' refers to the exi ...
s of dinitrobenzene, with the formula C6H4(NO2)2. It is one of three isomer
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element (chemistry), element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. ''Isomerism'' refers to the exi ...
s of dinitrobenzene. The compound is a yellow solid that is soluble in organic solvents.
Preparation
1,3-Dinitrobenzene is accessible by nitration of nitrobenzene. The reaction proceeds under acid catalysis using sulfuric acid. The directing effect of the nitro group of nitrobenzene leads to 93% of the product resulting from nitration at the ''meta''-position. The ''ortho''- and ''para''-products occur in only 6% and 1%, respectively. :
Reactions
Reduction of 1,3-dinitrobenzene with sodium sulfide in aqueous solution leads to 3-nitroaniline. Further reduction withiron
Iron is a chemical element; it has symbol Fe () and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's o ...
and hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungency, pungent smell. It is classified as a acid strength, strong acid. It is ...
(HCl) gives m-phenylenediamine.
1,3-Dinitrobenzene can be nitrated to 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene with nitronium tetrafluoroborate in fluorosulfuric acid at 150 °C.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dinitrobenzene, 1,3- Nitrobenzenes