Abū Bakr az-Zubaydī (), also known as Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Madḥīj al-Faqīh and Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan az-Zubaydī al-Ishbīlī (), held the title ''Akhbār al-fuquhā'' and wrote books on topics including philology, biography, history, philosophy, law, lexicology, and hadith.
Life
Az-Zubaydī was a native of
Seville
Seville ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Guadalquivir, ...
,
al-Andalus
Al-Andalus () was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The name refers to the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most o ...
(present-day
Spain
Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
), whose ancestor, Bishr ad-Dākhil ibn Ḥazm of
Yemen
Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...
i origin, had come with the Umayyads to al-Andalus from
Ḥimṣ in the
Levant
The Levant ( ) is the subregion that borders the Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean sea to the west, and forms the core of West Asia and the political term, Middle East, ''Middle East''. In its narrowest sense, which is in use toda ...
(
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...
). Az-Zubaydī moved to
Córdoba, the seat of the
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (, ; ) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty. Uthman ibn Affan, the third of the Rashidun caliphs, was also a member o ...
, to study under
Abū ‘Alī al-Qālī. His scholarship on the philologist
Sībawayh’s grammar, ''
Al-Kitāb
Sibawayh ( (also pronounced in many modern dialects) ; ' ; ), whose full name is Abu Bishr Amr ibn Uthman ibn Qanbar al-Basri (, '), was a Persian people, Persian leading Grammarians of Basrah, grammarian of Basra and author of the Third boo ...
'', led to his appointment as tutor to the son of the
humanist
Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
The meaning of the term "humanism" ha ...
caliph
Ḥakam II, the crown prince
Hishām II. At the Caliph’s encouragement, az-Zubaydī composed many books on philology, and biographies of philologists and lexicographers. He became
qāḍī
A qadi (; ) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works.
History
The term '' was in use from ...
of Seville, where he died in 989.
Works
*''
Al-Istidrāk ‘alā Sībawayh fī Kitāb al-abniya wa’z-ziyāda ‘alā mā awradahu fīhi muhadhdhab'' (
Rome
Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
, 1890) (
Baghdād
Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...
, 1970), (
Riyad, 1987)
*''
Ṭabaqāt an-Naḥwīyīn wa-al-Lughawīyīn'' () ‘Categories of Grammarians and Linguists’; (973–6)
Biographical dictionary
A biographical dictionary is a type of encyclopedic dictionary limited to biographical information. Many attempt to cover the major personalities of a country (with limitations, such as living persons only, in ''Who's Who'', or deceased people o ...
of the early philologists and lexicographers of the
Basran,
Kufan and
Baghdād
Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...
schools; almost contemporaneous with
Ibn an-Nadim's ''
Al-Fihrist
The () (''The Book Catalogue'') is a compendium of the knowledge and literature of tenth-century Islam compiled by Ibn al-Nadim (d. 998). It references approx. 10,000 books and 2,000 authors.''The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the ...
''. Both works bear witness to the emergence of the science of Arabic philology, and to the close intellectual contact between the
Abbāsid and
Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (, ; ) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty. Uthman ibn Affan, the third of the Rashidun caliphs, was also a membe ...
seats of power at Baghdād and Cordoba, respectively. (Cairo, 1954)
*''Akhbār al-fuquhā; al-muta’akhkhirīn min ahl Qurṭuba''; History of the jurisconsults of Córdoba
*''Amthilat al-abniya fī Kitāb Sībawayh Tafsīr Abī Bakr al-Zubaydī''
*''Basṭ al-Bāri’''
*''Al-ghāya fi ‘l-arūḍ''
*''Ikhtiṣār''; Selections from
Bukhārī’s ''
Ṣaḥīḥ'' in
Francisco Pons y Boigues
*''Istidrāk al-ghalaṭ al-wāqi’ fī Kitāb al-‘Ayn'' ()
*''
Laḥn al-‘awāmm'' (); dialectical speech errors; ed., R. 'Abd al-Tawwāb, Cairo 1964.
*''
Mukhtaṣar al-Ayn'' () ‘Selections from ''
Al-Ayn'' of
Khalīl ibn Aḥmad’ (before 976)
*''Al-Mustadrak min az-ziyāda fī Kitab al-Bāri’ alā Kitāb al-‘Ayn''
*''Ar-radd ‘alā
Ibn Masarra'', or ''Hatk sutūr al-mulḥidīn''
*''Risālat al-intiṣār li ‘l-Khalīl''
*''At-Tahdhīb bi-muḥkam at-tartīb'' () from the Laḥn al-ʻāmmah
*''At-Taqrīz''
*''Al-wāḍīḥ fī ‘ilm al-‘arabiyya'' (); grammar after
Sībawayh (Cairo, 1975), ('Ammān, 1976)
*''
Az-ziyadat ‘alā kitāb 'iṣlaḥ laḥn al-ʻaāmmah bi-al-Andalus'' ()
See also
*
List of Arab scientists and scholars
Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World, including Al-Andalus (Spain), who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, include the following. The list consists primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages.
Both th ...
References
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Zubaydi (al-), Abu Bakr
10th-century births
989 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Writers from Seville
10th-century historians from al-Andalus
10th-century biographers
10th-century philologists
10th-century lexicographers
10th-century Arabic-language writers
Encyclopedists from al-Andalus
Arab biographers
Arab grammarians
Arab lexicographers
Medieval grammarians of Arabic
Encyclopedists of the medieval Islamic world
Philologists of Arabic