Ștefan Vodă () is a

district A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municip ...

() in the south-east of

Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. ...

, with the administrative center at Ștefan Vodă. As of 1 January 2011, its population was 71,900. The district is situated 100 km from

Chișinău Chișinău ( , , ; formerly known as Kishinev) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Moldova, largest city of Moldova. The city is Moldova's main industrial and commercial centre, and is located in the middle of the coun ...

and 100 km from

Odesa Odesa, also spelled Odessa, is the third most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine and a major seaport and transport hub located in the south-west of the country, on the northwestern ...

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

History

Localities with the earliest documentary attestation are: Cioburciu, Olănești, Carahasani, first certified locations in 1405-1456. In the 16th-18th centuries, intense

agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...

was developed, with important wine-making industries and population growth attested. In 1812, after the Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812), Bessarabia was incorporated into the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

during this period (1812–1917), and an intense russification of the native population occurred. In 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Bessarabia united with Romania (1918–1940, 1941–1944), and the district was part of the Cetatea Albă County. In 1940, after Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Bessarabia was occupied by the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. In 1991 as a result of the proclamation of Independence of Moldova, the district became part and residence of the Tighina County (1991–2003), and in 2003 it became an administrative unit of

Geography

Ștefan Vodă district is located in south-eastern part of the Republic of Moldova. It is bordered by Căușeni District in the northwest, Slobozia District in the northeast, and the state

border Borders are generally defined as geography, geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by polity, political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other administrative divisio ...

with

in the south and east. The

landscape A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or human-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes th ...

is predominantly

plain In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land that generally does not change much in elevation, and is primarily treeless. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and ...

, slightly fractured, the highest altitude around 210–230 m in the western part of district. Minimum altitude 2–5 m in the Lower Nistru Plain.

Erosion Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as Surface runoff, water flow or wind) that removes soil, Rock (geology), rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust#Crust, Earth's crust and then sediment transport, tran ...

processes with a low intensity.

Climate

Temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

continental

climate Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years. More rigorously, it is the mean and variability of meteorological variables over a time spanning from months to millions of years. Some of the meteoro ...

with an annual average district

temperature Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness. Temperature is measurement, measured with a thermometer. It reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making ...

. July average temperature , of January . Annual

precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, rain and snow mixed ("sleet" in Commonwe ...

450–550 mm. Average wind speed 3–5 m \ s.

Fauna

Typical

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

fauna Fauna (: faunae or faunas) is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding terms for plants and fungi are ''flora'' and '' funga'', respectively. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively ...

, with the presence of such mammals such as foxes, hedgehogs, deer, wild boar, polecat, wild cat, ermine and others. Of birds: partridges, crows,

eagle Eagle is the common name for the golden eagle, bald eagle, and other birds of prey in the family of the Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of Genus, genera, some of which are closely related. True eagles comprise the genus ''Aquila ( ...

s, starling, swallow and more.

Flora

Forests of the district are complemented by tree species such as oak, ash, hornbeam, linden, maple, walnut and others. From

plants Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic. This means that they obtain their energy from sunlight, using chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria to produce sugars f ...

: wormwood, knotweed, fescue,

nettle Nettle refers to plants with stinging hairs, particularly those of the genus '' Urtica''. It can also refer to plants which resemble ''Urtica'' species in appearance but do not have stinging hairs. Plants called "nettle" include: * ball nettle ...

and many others.

Rivers

Ștefan Vodă district is located in the basin of the Nistru River, which crosses the district in the north-eastern part of district. Tributaries of the Nistru here are usually short. The area has numerous artificial lakes.

Administrative subdivisions

*Localities: 26 **Administrative center: Ștefan Vodă ***Cities: Ștefan Vodă ****Villages: 3 *****Communes: 22

Demographics

1 January 2012 the district population was 71,500 of which 12.1% urban and 87.9%

rural In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically desc ...

population * Births (2010): 832 (11.5 per 1000) * Deaths (2010): 950 (13.2 per 1000) *Growth rate (2010): -118 (-1.6 per 1000)

Ethnic groups

''Footnote'': * There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.

Religion

Christians A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words '' Christ'' and ''C ...

- 97.8% ** Orthodox Christians - 94.3% **

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

- 3.5% *** Baptists - 3.0% *** Seventh-day Adventists - 0.3% *** Evangelicals - 0.1% *** Pentecostals - 0.1% *Other 1.2% *No religion 1.0%

Economy

Ștefan Vodă District hosts a total of 14,469 registered businesses, many of which are

agricultural Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created f ...

. Agricultural land makes up 65,199 ha (65.3%) of total land area, while arable land occupies 55,542 ha (55.6%) of the total

land. The farmland in the district includes 4977 ha (5.0%) of

vine A vine is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas, or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance, when used in wicker work.Jackson; Benjamin; Da ...

s, 3237 ha (3.2%) of orchards, and 1398 ha (1.4%) of pastures. Major crops grown in the area include

wheat Wheat is a group of wild and crop domestication, domesticated Poaceae, grasses of the genus ''Triticum'' (). They are Agriculture, cultivated for their cereal grains, which are staple foods around the world. Well-known Taxonomy of wheat, whe ...

, oats, sunflower,

canola file:CanolaBlooms.JPG, Close-up of canola blooms file:Canola Flower.jpg, Canola flower Rapeseed oil is one of the oldest known vegetable oils. There are both Edible oil, edible and industrial forms produced from rapeseed, the seed of several ...

soybeans The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean. Soy is a staple crop, the world's most grown legume, and an important animal feed. Soy is a key source of f ...

, and vegetables.

Education

Stefan Voda district are 63 educational institutions, including 31

kindergartens Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...

, 30 primary and

secondary education Secondary education is the education level following primary education and preceding tertiary education. Level 2 or ''lower secondary education'' (less commonly ''junior secondary education'') is considered the second and final phase of basic e ...

, a

vocational school A vocational school (alternatively known as a trade school, or technical school), is a type of educational institution, which, depending on the country, may refer to either secondary education#List of tech ed skills, secondary or post-secondar ...

. In schools with training and education are included in total 13,673 students, including 2,839 children in kindergartens in schools, 10,284

university A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...

students, 354 students in vocational schools, 196 vocational school students. Nowadays in education, the 1264 district teachers operate.

Politics

Stefan Voda district granted priority mainly right-wing parties. In

represented by the AEI. PCRM is a continuous fall in percentage the last three elections. During the last three elections AEI had an increase of 107.6%

Elections

, - !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan=2 valign=center, Parties and coalitions !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=% !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=+/− , - , , align=left, Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova , align="right", 11,759 , align="right", 38.76 , align="right", +17.07 , - , , align=left,

Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (, PCRM) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority government in a post-Soviet state. It has been variously described as Com ...

, align="right", 9,998 , align="right", 32.96 , align="right", −3.56 , - , , align=left, Democratic Party of Moldova , align="right", 3,497 , align="right", 11.53 , align="right", +2.84 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...

, align="right", 2,263 , align="right", 7.46 , align="right", −6.85 , - , , align=left, Party Alliance Our Moldova , align="right", 792 , align="right", 2.61 , align="right", −5.43 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, United Moldova , align="right", 391 , align="right", 1.29 , align="right", +1.29 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, Humanist Party of Moldova , align="right", 324 , align="right", 1.07 , align="right", +1.07 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, Other Party , align="right", 1,323 , align="right", 4.32 , align="right", -6.43 , - , align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan=2, Total (turnout 56.29%) , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 30,628 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",

Culture

In district active: 26

culture Culture ( ) is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and Social norm, norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, Social norm, customs, capabilities, Attitude (psychology), attitudes ...

houses, 2 museums, 86 artistic bands including 26 bands holding the title of the band model, 37 public libraries.

Education

In Stefan Voda district works: a

hospital A hospital is a healthcare institution providing patient treatment with specialized Medical Science, health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically ...

with 220 beds general fund, a center of family doctor's in the composition of which included: 13 health center's, nine family doctors office. The

population Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the resident population size within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and pl ...

of the district health care operates 110

medical Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for patients, managing the Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, ...

personnel 354 average, 260 nurses and auxiliary

health Health has a variety of definitions, which have been used for different purposes over time. In general, it refers to physical and emotional well-being, especially that associated with normal functioning of the human body, absent of disease, p ...

personnel.

References

Descrierea generală a raionului Ştefan Vodă
* Discuție:Raionul Ștefan Vodă
District population per year

Rezultatele alegerilor din 28 noiembrie 2010 în raionul Ştefan Vodă
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stefan Voda District Districts of Moldova