Șoldănești () is a district () in the north-east of

Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. ...

, with the administrative center at Șoldănești. As of 2014, its population was 36,743.

History

The localities with the earliest documentary attestation are Dobrușa, Olișcani, Răspopeni, and Salcia, which were certified in the period 1437–1448. The 16th–18th centuries were marked by continued economic (trade, crafts) and cultural (churches, monasteries) development, and a marked increase in population. During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the region's economic decay occurs as a result of the constant wars led by

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

, the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

, and the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

for influence in the region. In 1812, the Treaty of Bucharest divided

Bessarabia Bessarabia () is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coa ...

from the Principality of Moldova, the former being ceded to Russia. In 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, the Union of Bessarabia with Romania occurred. During the

interwar period In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period, also known as the interbellum (), lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II ( ...

(1918–1940) the district was part of Soroca County, in the

Kingdom of Romania The Kingdom of Romania () was a constitutional monarchy that existed from with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King of Romania, King Carol I of Romania, Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 wit ...

. After the

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and also known as the Hitler–Stalin Pact and the Nazi–Soviet Pact, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Ge ...

of August 1939, Bessarabia was occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940. From 1941 to 1944 it was part of Romania again, and afterwards it became the

Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic or Moldavian SSR (, mo-Cyrl, Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ), also known as the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan SSR, Soviet Moldavia, Sovie ...

. In 1991, as a result of the proclamation of the Independence of Moldova, the district became part of Soroca County (1991–2003), and in 2003 it became an administrative unit of

Geography

The Șoldănești district is located in north-eastern Moldova. It neighbors to north and west the

Florești District Florești () is a district () in the north-east of Moldova, with the administrative center at Floreşti, Moldova, Florești. The other major cities are Ghindeşti and Mărculeşti. As of 1 January 2011, its population was 90,000. History Localitie ...

, in the north-east the Camenca District, in the east the

Rîbnița District The Rîbnița District (; ; ) is an administrative district of Transnistria (''de facto'') in Moldova (''de jure''). Its seat is the city of Rîbnița, sometimes spelt as "Râbnița". It is located at . The district contains this city and 22 othe ...

, and in the south the Telenești and Rezina districts. The territory is located within the Dniester Plateau, the relief is moderately, fragmented and represented by plateaus, low

hills A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as mountains. Hills fall und ...

and dales wide and hilly interfluvial shaped strings. Sometimes come across isolated dome-shaped hills. On the plateau widespread erosion and landslides occur. In the district high fertility soils are characterized by particularly prevalent in typical chernozem, leachates, and carbonated ordinary, gray and brown soil of forest closed. Average reliability of the soil according to the Land Register of the

Republic of Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The unrecognised ...

is 74-point average of districts of 63 points. Maximum altitude in the district is the hill Zahorna, with .

Climate

The climate is temperate continental, with average temperature in January , and in July; the average annual

precipitation In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main forms of precipitation include drizzle, rain, rain and snow mixed ("sleet" in Commonwe ...

is 500–560 mm. The average wind speed is 4–6 m/s.

Fauna

The fauna of the district is typical of Central Europe; it is characterized by: foxes,

hedgehog A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are 17 species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. The ...

hare Hares and jackrabbits are mammals belonging to the genus ''Lepus''. They are herbivores and live Solitary animal, solitarily or in pairs. They nest in slight depressions called forms, and their young are precociality, able to fend for themselves ...

wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a Suidae, suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The speci ...

deer A deer (: deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family). Cervidae is divided into subfamilies Cervinae (which includes, among others, muntjac, elk (wapiti), red deer, and fallow deer) ...

, wildcats, and

wolves The wolf (''Canis lupus''; : wolves), also known as the grey wolf or gray wolf, is a canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been recognized, including the dog and dingo, though gr ...

. Birds include: quail,

egret Egrets ( ) are herons, generally long-legged wading birds, that have white or buff plumage, developing fine plumes (usually milky white) during the breeding season. Egrets are not a biologically distinct group from herons and have the same build ...

hawk Hawks are birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. They are very widely distributed and are found on all continents, except Antarctica. The subfamily Accipitrinae includes goshawks, sparrowhawks, sharp-shinned hawks, and others. This ...

stork Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family Ciconiidae, and make up the order Ciconiiformes . Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons and ibise ...

crow A crow is a bird of the genus ''Corvus'', or more broadly, a synonym for all of ''Corvus''. The word "crow" is used as part of the common name of many species. The related term "raven" is not linked scientifically to any certain trait but is rathe ...

s, seagulls, and others.

Flora

Forests occupy 19.3% of the district and are complemented by oak, ash, lime,

hornbeam Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the plant genus ''Carpinus'' in the family Betulaceae. Its species occur across much of the temperateness, temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Common names The common English name ''hornbeam'' derives ...

acacia ''Acacia'', commonly known as wattles or acacias, is a genus of about of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Initially, it comprised a group of plant species native to Africa, South America, and Austral ...

, and others. Plants include:

nettle Nettle refers to plants with stinging hairs, particularly those of the genus '' Urtica''. It can also refer to plants which resemble ''Urtica'' species in appearance but do not have stinging hairs. Plants called "nettle" include: * ball nettle ...

fescue ''Festuca'' (fescue) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae). They are evergreen or herbaceous perennial tufted grasses with a height range of and a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on every ...

clover Clovers, also called trefoils, are plants of the genus ''Trifolium'' (), consisting of about 300 species of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae originating in Europe. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution with the highest diversit ...

, wormwood, bells, and others.

Natural resources

The main mineral resources located in the district are metallic resources. Most of the stock is near Mihuleni –

limestone Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science) ...

. Olișcani deposits –

gravel Gravel () is a loose aggregation of rock fragments. Gravel occurs naturally on Earth as a result of sedimentation, sedimentary and erosion, erosive geological processes; it is also produced in large quantities commercially as crushed stone. Gr ...

. Șoldănești, Olișcani, Mihuleni, Vadul-Rașcov –

clay Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, ). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impuriti ...

. Alcedar, Dobrușa, Răspopeni –

sand Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is usually defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural ...

Rivers

The district is located in the Nistru River basin; the river Ciorna is the main river in the district. There are many sources of drinking water;

groundwater Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and Pore space in soil, soil pore spaces and in the fractures of stratum, rock formations. About 30 percent of all readily available fresh water in the world is groundwater. A unit ...

is at depths between 0.5 m and 10–15 m.

Administrative subdivisions

*Localities: 33 **Administrative center: Șoldănești ***Cities: Șoldănești ****Villages: 10 *****Communes: 22

Demographics

1 January 2012 the district population was 43,000, of which 17.5% urban and 82.5% rural population. * Births (2010): 536 (12.3 per 1000) *

Deaths Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose sho ...

(2010): 720 (16.6 per 1000) *Growth Rate (2010): -184 (−4.2 per 1000)

Ethnic groups

''Footnote'': * There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.

Religion

*Christians – 98.9% ** Orthodox Christians – 98.2% **

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

– 0.7% *** Seventh-day Adventists – 0.3% *** Pentecostals – 0.2% ***

Baptists Baptists are a Christian denomination, denomination within Protestant Christianity distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete Immersion baptism, immersion. Baptist churches ge ...

– 0.1 *** Evangelicals – 0.1% *Other – 0.8% *No Religion – 0.3%

Economy

Being a predominantly agricultural district, the main efforts are focused on supporting and developing priority directions of agriculture. Arable land constitutes – 32 351 ha (54.4%),

perennial In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...

plantations – 3544 ha (5.9%), pastures – 4761 ha (8.0%). Industrial enterprises of all types of ownership manufactured in January–September 2010 production of 6.846 million lei worth at current prices. The volume index of industrial production from January–September 2009 was (in comparable prices) 96.6%.

Education

In the district there are 31 educational institutions working with 5,242 students. In the educational institutions operating in the district there are currently 509 teachers. Preschool – 28, children in kindergarten – 1,458, teachers – 152.

Politics

The Șoldănești district is a district with a preponderance of right-wing parties. AEI get good results here, but PCRM is in a constant percentage decrease. During 2001–2009, the district was a predominantly communist (over 50%). District is one of the founding members of Euroregion Dniester. During the last three elections AEI had an increase of 76.6%

Elections

, - !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan=2 valign=center, Parties and coalitions !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=% !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=+/− , - , , align=left,

Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (, PCRM) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority government in a post-Soviet state. It has been variously described as Com ...

, align="right", 8,145 , align="right", 40.95 , align="right", −3.95 , - , , align=left, Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova , align="right", 6,310 , align="right", 31.72 , align="right", +17.91 , - , , align=left, Democratic Party of Moldova , align="right", 2,486 , align="right", 12.50 , align="right", -0.16 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...

, align="right", 1,239 , align="right", 6.23 , align="right", −2.27 , - , bgcolor=#0033cc, , align=left, European Action Movement , align="right", 408 , align="right", 2.05 , align="right", +2.05 , - , , align=left, Party Alliance Our Moldova , align="right", 347 , align="right", 1.74 , align="right", −12.39 , - , , align=left, Christian Democratic People's Party , align="right", 313 , align="right", 1.57 , align="right", −2.58 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, Other Party , align="right", 650 , align="right", 3.24 , align="right", +1.39 , - , align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan=2, Total (turnout 60.94%) , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 20,082 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",

Culture

The district works: amateur artistic groups – 124, of which 13 bands as "model", public

libraries A library is a collection of Book, books, and possibly other Document, materials and Media (communication), media, that is accessible for use by its members and members of allied institutions. Libraries provide physical (hard copies) or electron ...

– 34 of them five children, schools of music – 2, the school district

fine arts In European academic traditions, fine art (or, fine arts) is made primarily for aesthetics or creativity, creative expression, distinguishing it from popular art, decorative art or applied art, which also either serve some practical function ...

– 1. 82 craftsmen working in the district of its four members of the craftsmen.

Health

Works: a hospital with general fund of 135 beds, the center of family doctor in the composition of which are 12 family physician offices, 3 health centers, two health centers and 7 autonomous health offices.

Personalities

* Andrei Lupan – Writer, politician and chairman of

Moldovan Writers' Union The Writers' Union of Moldova () is a professional association of writers in Moldova. Mihai Cimpoi had been the president of the Writers' Union of Moldova between 1991 and 2010. As of 2023, the president is Teo Chiriac, elected in 2021. Refere ...

(1946–1955; 1958–1961). * Dumitru Matcovschi – Writer and member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, He was a founder of the

Popular Front of Moldova The Popular Front of Moldova (PFM; , FPM) was a political movement in the Moldavian SSR, one of the 15 union republics of the former Soviet Union, and in the newly independent Moldova, Republic of Moldova. Formally, the Front existed from 1989 to ...

* Mihai Volontir – Actor * Simeon G. Murafa – Politician and director of the newspaper Cuvânt moldovenesc * Teofil Ioncu –

n politician

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soldanesti District Districts of Moldova