Štefan Marko Daxner, (22 December 1822, Tiszolcz (, ), Gömör-Kis-Hont,

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a Multinational state, multinational European Great Powers, great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the Habsburg monarchy, realms of the Habsburgs. Duri ...

11 April 1891, Tiszolc,

) was an ethnic Slovak lower nobleman, politician, lawyer, and poet in the Kingdom of Hungary. He was a member of what became known as the

Ľudovít Štúr Ľudovít Štúr (; 28 October 1815 – 12 January 1856), also known as Ľudovít Velislav Štúr, was a Slovak revolutionary, politician, and writer. As a leader of the Slovak nationalism, Slovak national revival in the 19th century and the c ...

generation. His family () is an old lower noble family, which emigrated from Switzerland to the Kingdom of Hungary in the 14th century.

Biography

Daxner studied at the Lutheran Lyceum (preparatory high school plus freshmen college) of Pressburg (Pozsony, today's

Bratislava Bratislava (German: ''Pressburg'', Hungarian: ''Pozsony'') is the Capital city, capital and largest city of the Slovakia, Slovak Republic and the fourth largest of all List of cities and towns on the river Danube, cities on the river Danube. ...

) and at the College of

Prešov Prešov () is a city in eastern Slovakia. It is the seat of administrative Prešov Region () and Šariš. With a population of approximately 85,000 for the city, and in total more than 100,000 with the urban area, it is the second-largest city i ...

(Eperjes). Between 1846 and 1872 he was a lawyer in Tisovec (Tiszolc), an official of several

counties A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...

and an associate judge of the Commercial Court of

Debrecen Debrecen ( ; ; ; ) is Hungary's cities of Hungary, second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain Regions of Hungary, region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the large ...

. In 1847, just before the 1848-1849 Revolution, Daxner outlined a program unifying the requests for national (Slovak), cultural, political and social liberties. He was sentenced to death by Hungarian authorities in 1848, but was freed by the Austrian Imperial and Royal Army (which was fighting together with Slovaks against the Hungarians) and became a captain of a unit of Slovak volunteers during the 1848-1849 revolution. He was a co-author of the Slovak Requests of Liptovský Mikuláš (Liptószentmiklós, 1848), Requests of the Slovak Nation (1848), Memorandum of the Slovak Nation in 1861, and was one of the founders of the

Matica slovenská Matica Slovenská (en. Slovak Matica) is the oldest Slovakia, Slovak national, Culture, cultural and scientific organization. The headquarters of Slovak Matica is the town of Martin, Slovakia as the center of the national culture of Slovak ...

(Slovak Foundation) in 1863. He was also a founder of the first Slovak Gymnasium in

Revúca Revúca (; formerly ''Veľká Revúca'' in Slovak; ; ) is a town in Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Revúca is the seat of Revúca District. Etymology The name is of Slovak origin and was initially the name of Revúca Creek (literally, 'roa ...

(Nagyrőce) in 1862. He is buried at the

National Cemetery in Martin The National Cemetery () in Martin, Slovakia is the final resting place of many important personalities of Slovak history. The list includes writers, poets, national activists, pedagogues, etc. The reason why Martin was selected as the site for t ...

Philosophical views

Lukáš Perný emphasizes that Daxner transformed

Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher ('' philosophe''), writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects ...

's idea of

equality Equality generally refers to the fact of being equal, of having the same value. In specific contexts, equality may refer to: Society * Egalitarianism, a trend of thought that favors equality for all people ** Political egalitarianism, in which ...

between people into the idea of equality between nations and also adds that Daxner was one of the most advanced social and philosophers of law in the Slovak 19th century. Dalimír Hajko states that "all of Daxner's political considerations published in the press were directly connected primarily with questions of practical ethics and philosophical questions of law, because it was these problem areas that most recently connected with the national emancipation process…" Rudolf Dupkala recalls that Daxner followed the Štúr´s understanding of the

nation A nation is a type of social organization where a collective Identity (social science), identity, a national identity, has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language, history, ethnicity, culture, t ...

, the concept of the

social contract In moral and political philosophy, the social contract is an idea, theory, or model that usually, although not always, concerns the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual. Conceptualized in the Age of Enlightenment, it ...

according to J. J. Rousseau and the French Revolution. DUPKALA, R. (jr): Sociálno-politické myslenie Š. M. Daxnera. In: SPOŁECZEŃSTWO I EDUKACJA Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne 1/2012, s. 99-105.

Sources

Brief Biography
@ Osobnosti.
Biographical notes
@ O Škole.
Brief biography
@ the Prešov website.

External links

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daxner, Stefan Marko 1822 births 1891 deaths People from Tisovec Hungarian nobility Slovak nobility Writers from the Austrian Empire Writers from Austria-Hungary Hungarian people of Swiss descent Slovak people of Swiss descent Slovak National Party (historical) politicians 19th-century Hungarian writers 19th-century Slovak writers 19th-century Hungarian lawyers Slovak writers Burials at National Cemetery in Martin