Đàng Ngoài ( vi-hantu, 唐外, lit. "Outer Land"), also known as Tonkin, Bắc Hà (北河, "North of the

River A river is a natural stream of fresh water that flows on land or inside Subterranean river, caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. A river may run dry before reaching the end of ...

") or '' Kingdom of Annam'' (安南國) by foreigners, was an area in northern Đại Việt (now

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

) during the 17th and 18th centuries as the result of

Trịnh–Nguyễn War The Trịnh–Nguyễn Civil War (; chữ Hán: 鄭阮紛爭, lit. Trịnh–Nguyễn contention) was a 17th and 18th-century lengthy civil war waged between the two ruling families in Vietnam, the Trịnh lords of Đàng Ngoài and the Nguy� ...

.Keith Weller Taylor, John K. Whitmore ''Essays Into Vietnamese Pasts'' 1995 Page 170 "The "kingdom of Cochinchina" was the polity of the Nguyễn lords (chúa), who had become the more and more independent rivals of the Trịnh lords of the north — if not of the Lê emperors whose affairs the Trịnh lords managed.." The word "Đàng Ngoài" first appeared in the '' Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum'' by Alexandre de Rhodes. Đàng Ngoài was de-facto ruled by the

Trịnh lords Trịnh is a Vietnamese family name In many societies, a surname, family name, or last name is the mostly hereditary portion of one's personal name that indicates one's family. It is typically combined with a given name to form the full na ...

with the Lê emperors acting as titular rulers. The capital was Thăng Long (now

Hanoi Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Vietnam, second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red River (Asia), Red and Black River (Asia), Black Riv ...

). Thăng Long was also known as ''Đông Kinh'' 東京, meaning "Eastern Capital", from which the common European name for Đàng Ngoài " Tonkin" originated. It was bordered by Đàng Trong (under the

Nguyễn lords The Nguyễn lords (, 主阮; 1558–1777, 1780–1802), also known as the Nguyễn clan (; ), were Nguyễn dynasty's forerunner and a feudal noble clan ruling southern Đại Việt in the Revival Lê dynasty. The Nguyễn lords were membe ...

) along the Linh River (modern Gianh River in Quảng Bình Province). The name gradually fell into disuse after Nguyễn Huệ's conquest of the north.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dang Ngoai Historical geography of Vietnam

See also

References