Đoko Pavićević
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Đorđije "Đoko" Pavićević (; 6 May 1872 4 June 1970) was an officer of the Royal Montenegrin Army and
Royal Yugoslav Army The Yugoslav Army ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Jugoslovenska vojska, JV, Југословенска војска, ЈВ), commonly the Royal Yugoslav Army, was the principal Army, ground force of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It existed from the establishment of ...
who fought in
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
and in
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
as a member of the
Yugoslav Partisans The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian language, Macedonian, and Slovene language, Slovene: , officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odr ...
, and later a colonel of
Yugoslav People's Army The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA/; Macedonian language, Macedonian, Montenegrin language, Montenegrin and sr-Cyrl-Latn, Југословенска народна армија, Jugoslovenska narodna armija; Croatian language, Croatian and ; , J ...
. He was the oldest recipient of the
Order of the People's Hero The Order of the People's Hero or the Order of the National Hero ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Orden narodnog heroja, Oрден народног хероја; , ), was a Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav gallantry medal, the ...
.


Biography

Pavićević was born on 6 May 1872 in Do Pješivački, near
Danilovgrad Danilovgrad (Cyrillic: Даниловград) is a town in central Montenegro. It has a population of 6,852, according to the 2011 census. It is situated in the Danilovgrad Municipality which lies along the main route between Montenegro's two la ...
and came from an old Montenegrin military family. He became literate late, so it was not until 1906 that he enrolled in military school. As an officer and supporter of
Janko Vukotić Janko Vukotić ( sr-Cyrl, Јанко Вукотић; 18 February 1866 – 4 February 1927) was a Montenegrin serdar, general in the armies of the Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro in the Balkan Wars and World War I. Biography Vukotić was b ...
, he came into conflict with the Minister of War, Mitar Martinović, which is why he spent almost a year in prison under accusation that he was the opponent of King Nicholas. After the
Balkan Wars The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkans, Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan states of Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg), Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia, Kingdom of Montenegro, M ...
, he though about joining the
Royal Serbian Army The Army of the Kingdom of Serbia ( sr-cyr, Војска Краљевине Србије, Vojska Kraljevine Srbije), known in English language, English as the Royal Serbian Army, was the army of the Kingdom of Serbia that existed between 1882 ...
, however, he named commander of the border company in
Đakovica Gjakova or Đakovica, ) and Đakovica ( sr-Cyrl, Ђаковица, ) is the sixth largest city of Kosovo and seat of the Gjakova Municipality and the District of Gjakova, Gjakova District. According to the 2024 census, the municipality of Gjakov ...
. During
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, as part of the Sandžak Army, during 1914 and 1915, he participated in the Serbian-Montenegrin offensive in
Bosnia Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...
. During the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Montenegro, he was interned in
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
, where he remained in a prison camp until the end of the war. As a supporter of the Serbian-Montenegrin unionism, he joined the new
Royal Yugoslav Army The Yugoslav Army ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Jugoslovenska vojska, JV, Југословенска војска, ЈВ), commonly the Royal Yugoslav Army, was the principal Army, ground force of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It existed from the establishment of ...
, but in 1923 he retired at his own request. Until the beginning of the
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, he lived in the village of Mokri Do, near
Nikšić Nikšić (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Никшић, ), is the second largest city in Montenegro, with a total population of 32,046 (2023 census) located in the west of the country, in the centre of the spacious Nikšić field at the foot of Trebjesa ...
. During the Uprising in Montenegro against the Italian occupation, together with four children - two sons and two daughters, at the age of 69, he entered the fight. He stood out as an old warrior in the fall of 1941, when, after the uprising subsided, he joined the
Yugoslav Partisans The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian language, Macedonian, and Slovene language, Slovene: , officially the National Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska i partizanski odr ...
along with his two sons. From the end of 1942, he was an advisor to the commander of the Third Strike Division, as well as a councilor at the First Session of
AVNOJ The Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia,; ; commonly abbreviated as the AVNOJ, was a deliberative and legislative body that was established in Bihać, Yugoslavia, in November 1942. It was established by Josip Broz ...
and a member of ZAVNO of Montenegro and Boka. He was admitted to the membership of the
Communist Party of Yugoslavia The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, known until 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, was the founding and ruling party of SFR Yugoslavia. It was formed in 1919 as the main communist opposition party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats a ...
in September 1943. The writer
Vladimir Nazor Vladimir Nazor (30 May 1876 – 19 June 1949) was a Croatian poet and politician. During and after World War II in Yugoslavia, he served as the first President of the Presidency of the Croatian Parliament (Croatian head of state), and first ...
called him the oldest Yugoslav Partisan. After the end of the war, he was demobilized as a colonel, and for some time he was the president of the District Board of the
Unitary National Liberation Front The Unitary National Liberation Front ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Јединствени народноослободилачки фронт, Jedinstveni narodnooslobodilački front, sh-Cyrl-Latn, ЈНОФ, JNOF, label=none) or simply the National Liberation ...
(NOF) in Nikšić and a member of the Main Board of the NOF of Montenegro. He was elected a Member of the National Assembly of Montenegro. His older son Vojislav died in the war, and the younger Branko was the first president of the
Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts ( sh-Cyrl, Црногорска академија наука и умјетности, ЦАНУ; ) is the most important scientific institution of Montenegro. History It was founded in 1973 as the Montene ...
. He was the holder of the
Commemorative Medal of the Partisans of 1941 The Commemorative Medal of the Partisans of 1941 (Macedonian language, Macedonian, Slovene language, Slovene and sh-Latn-Cyrl, Partizanska spomenica 1941., Партизанска споменица 1941., separator=" / ") is a commemorative Soci ...
, and was awarded the
Order of the People's Hero The Order of the People's Hero or the Order of the National Hero ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Orden narodnog heroja, Oрден народног хероја; , ), was a Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav gallantry medal, the ...
on 27 November 1953, at the age of 81, as the oldest holder of this decoration. Pavićević died on 4 June 1970 at the age of 98.


References


Bibliography

* * * 1872 births 1970 deaths Serbs of Montenegro People from Danilovgrad Montenegrin military personnel of World War I Royal Yugoslav Army personnel Yugoslav Partisans members Yugoslav military personnel Yugoslav military personnel of World War II Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero {{DEFAULTSORT:Pavićević, Đoko