Überlingen
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Überlingen (; ) is a German city on the northern shore of
Lake Constance Lake Constance (, ) refers to three bodies of water on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps: Upper Lake Constance (''Obersee''), Lower Lake Constance (''Untersee''), and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein (). These ...
(Bodensee) in
Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg ( ; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a states of Germany, German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million i ...
near the
border Borders are generally defined as geography, geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by polity, political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other administrative divisio ...
with Switzerland. After the city of
Friedrichshafen Friedrichshafen ( or ; Low Alemannic: ''Hafe'' or ''Fridrichshafe'') is a city on the northern shoreline of Lake Constance (the ''Bodensee'') in Southern Germany, near the borders of both Switzerland and Austria. It is the district capital (''K ...
, it is the second-largest city in the
Bodenseekreis Bodenseekreis ("Lake Constance district") is a ''Landkreis'' (district) in the south-east of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west, clockwise) Konstanz, Sigmaringen and Ravensburg, and in Bavaria, Lindau district. ...
(district), and a central point for the outlying communities. Since 1 January 1993, Überlingen has been categorized as a large district city (''Große Kreisstadt'').


History

The history of Überlingen dates back to
Roman times In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingd ...
, but a variety of settlements antedated Roman occupation. Stone Age settlements, discovered along the shoreline of Lake Constance, document that the lake supported several dozen thriving communities of 50–100 individuals. These settlements fall under the category of the
Hallstatt culture The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western Europe, Western and Central European archaeological culture of the Late Bronze Age Europe, Bronze Age (Hallstatt A, Hallstatt B) from the 12th to 8th centuries BC and Early Iron Age Europe (Hallst ...
, and their habits, dress, and diet have been illuminated through the excavation of archaeological sites, such as a major site in Hallstatt, Austria, excavated in the mid- to late 19th century.Alfons Semler, ''Überlingen: Bilder aus der Geschichte einer kleinen Reichsstadt,''Oberbadische Verlag, Singen, 1949, pp. 11–17. Similar sites, although smaller, have been found in vicinity of Überlingen - a site near Hödingen, another near Dettingen, by Constance, and a major site near the village of
Unteruhldingen Unteruhldingen is a small village, part of the town of Uhldingen-Mühlhofen, on the northwestern shore of Lake Constance, Germany. It is home to the Pfahlbau Museum Unteruhldingen, Pfahlbauten, an open-air museum displaying reconstructions of Neoli ...
, where there is now an open air archaeological museum. The dead were either burned, or buried in mounds or flat graves; women wore jewelry made of bronze or gold, especially earrings. Tools uncovered in archeological excavation suggest that these communities engaged in a combination of hunting, fishing, and agriculture.


Roman and Merovingian period

The Alpine lands and the eastern Swiss Plateau were overrun by the troops of the emperor Augustus (31 BCE to 14 CE), who established the Roman writ from the Alps to the Danube, through the efforts of Augustus' stepsons Drusus and
Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus ( ; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to Roman politician Tiberius Cl ...
. According to some interpretations of the Roman records, one of the Bodensee islands, probably Mainau, was the operations base for the military operations in 15 BCE. The necessities of troop transport and ship building and maintenance required the Romans to possess the entire Swiss shore of the lake, and from these points along the lake, the Romans could mount a double-pointed excursion to the eastern
Tyrol Tyrol ( ; historically the Tyrole; ; ) is a historical region in the Alps of Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, f ...
and present-day
Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...
, or to the West, in the
Rhine The Rhine ( ) is one of the List of rivers of Europe, major rivers in Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein border, then part of the Austria–Swit ...
valley. The Bodensee region, as a Roman province administered from '' Augusta Vindelicorum'', present-day
Augsburg Augsburg ( , ; ; ) is a city in the Bavaria, Bavarian part of Swabia, Germany, around west of the Bavarian capital Munich. It is a College town, university town and the regional seat of the Swabia (administrative region), Swabia with a well ...
, was governed by a finance official (''procurator'') under Tiberius's command. The road from Stockach to Überlingen, and then along the lake's shore to Uhldingen and on to Friedrichshafen, and the east–west train tracks, generally follow the path of the old Roman road. Evidence of conflicts between the Romans, their power waning, and the Alemannic and other Germanic groups, their power rising, appears throughout the region. New settlements appeared on top of burned settlements and old villages and farmsteads were reclaimed first by forests and meadows and then again reclaimed by men. By the latter half of the fourth century, several families emerged as the warrior leaders, capable of fending off minor Roman comebacks, and of protecting themselves, their kin, and their dependents from not only the Romans, but also other groups. As the Romans withdrew more and more of their forces, to concentrate on the western boundaries or to focus on the conquest defense of Iberia, Franks, particularly Clodwig, or Clovis (482–511), and Goths, particularly Theodorich (471–527), contested for control of the region. Throughout this period, Alemannic dukes maintained their primary seat in Überlingen. The
Alemanni The Alemanni or Alamanni were a confederation of Germanic peoples, Germanic tribes * * * on the Upper Rhine River during the first millennium. First mentioned by Cassius Dio in the context of the campaign of Roman emperor Caracalla of 213 CE ...
c Überlingen was first mentioned in 770 as ''Iburinga''. Before that, it was probably known as ''Gunzoburg'' (641), the seat of the Alemannic or Swabian duke
Gunzo :''The article is about the historical figure. For the Japanese magazine, see Gunzo''. Gunzo (also ''Cunzo'') was a 7th-century duke of the Alamanni under Frankish sovereignty. His residence was at ''villa Iburninga'' (today's Überlingen) at L ...
. The probable site of Gunzo's villa has been identified in the northwestern quadrant of the city, just outside the present-day inner moat.


Medieval period

The Allemannic dukes were well connected to other families throughout Europe; the first wife of
Charlemagne Charlemagne ( ; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was List of Frankish kings, King of the Franks from 768, List of kings of the Lombards, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian ...
, Hildegard, came from the family of Linzgau counts, whose seat in Buchhorn (present-day Friedrichshafen) bordered the lake.
Louis the Pious Louis the Pious (; ; ; 16 April 778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair and the Debonaire, was King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor, co-emperor with his father, Charlemagne, from 813. He was also King of Aquitaine from 781. As the only ...
, 814–840, and
Louis the German Louis the German (German language, German: ''Ludwig der Deutsche''; c. 806/810 – 28 August 876), also known as Louis II of Germany (German language, German: ''Ludwig II. von Deutschland''), was the first king of East Francia, and ruled from 8 ...
, 843–876, both married women from the Alemannic Welfen families. In the 10th century, the Linzgau fell to an invasion of the Hungarians, and ongoing battles with the Hungarians nearly brought the families of the region to ruin. The
Investiture Controversy The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest (, , ) was a conflict between church and state in medieval Europe, the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture), abbots of monasteri ...
of the 11th century brought further conflict. Villages and properties in the possession of one side of the conflict would be besieged and destroyed by members of the other party, in battle after gruesome battle, but by the end of the 11th century and the first half of the 12th, the
Hohenstaufen The Hohenstaufen dynasty (, , ), also known as the Staufer, was a noble family of unclear origin that rose to rule the Duchy of Swabia from 1079, and to royal rule in the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages from 1138 until 1254. The dynast ...
emperors stabilized the Holy Roman Empire. The family came from the region, and Swabia, the Linzgau, and the Bodensee region became the middle point of the Empire. This is also the beginning of Überlingen's period of blossoming. Many of the documents from the period have been lost, possibly in the city fire in 1279, but a great deal of information can be extrapolated. Hand-in-hand with the expansion of the Holy Roman Empire, localities throughout the empire experienced infrastructure improvements - improved roads and exchange regulations encouraged trade, particularly in the all-important, centrally located Swabia. The exact date in which the city received its market rights is ambiguous, but it was probably between 1180 and 1191; maps showing the trading road from Stockach to Buchhorn show the city of Überlingen in comparable size and type; by 1226 Überlingen had a Jewish cemetery, and these clues lead to the conclusion that the city had a market for a much longer period than this, thus the supposition that Emperor Barbarossa had established the market at the end of his own regime. He had been in the region several times: 1153, 1155, 1162, 1181, 1183, to hold court sessions, and in 1187, he stayed in Wallhausen, across the lake, to sign the documents establishing the Cloister of Salem. At the end of the 14th century, the city was granted status as a free imperial city. In 1547, the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, broadened the city's market rights to prohibit any trade in grain or salt within two German miles (about 15 km or 10 English miles) of the city.


Early modern period

The city flourished in the 13th to 16th centuries, mainly due to widespread grapevine cultivation on the south-facing slopes of the Lake Constance and its salubrious climate, which gave rise to a profitable ''spital'' (hospital) industry. The Holy Ghost Spital in Überlingen held large landholdings in Upper and Lower
Linzgau Linzgau is a historic region in Southern Germany, Southern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located north of Lake Constance and south of the Danube valley. Geography The region is bounded by the shore of Lake Constance on the sou ...
, and in the Hegau. The city's affluence encouraged the construction of an impressive religious building - the St Nikolaus Munster in the late 15th century; a City Hall in the late 15th century; and impressive residences for the family of the spital doctors. The relative affluence of the city has been documented in its art and architecture, and the size and solidity of its physical plant, especially its fortifications. As a fortified bridgehead, the city proved vital to the reduction of the
German Peasants' War The German Peasants' War, Great Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt () was a widespread popular revolt in some German-speaking areas in Central Europe from 1524 to 1525. It was Europe's largest and most widespread popular uprising befor ...
in 1525. When Georg Truchsess von Waldburg's soldiers rose against him during the war, and besieged Radolfzell, the Burgermeister of Überlingen led a small force to free the nearby town; they returned with 150 prisoners, all of whom were executed in a single day by the city's executioner. As a result of this assistance, Überlingen was granted the right to quarter a shield with a drawn sword, the Habsburg hawk, and the imperial eagle. As a result of its participation and assistance, the city retained its guild rights after the
Schmalkaldic War The Schmalkaldic War (; July 1546May 1547) was fought within the territories of the Holy Roman Empire between the allied forces of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Maurice, Duke of Saxony against the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League, with the forc ...
of the 1540s and 1550s. In the
Thirty Years War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine, or disease, whil ...
, the city was invested and besieged by Swedish soldiers and their Saxon allies in 1632 and 1634; despite lengthy and grueling siege, the city defenses held. Even when the walls were breached in May 1634, the population was able to resist in street to street, and house-to-house fighting, until the invaders withdrew. This seemingly miraculous occasion was attributed to the intervention of the Virgin Mary, and every year the citizens of Überlingen hold a so-called Sweden Procession. Another assault on the city in 1643 resulted in a French occupation until
Franz von Mercy Franz Freiherr von Mercy (or Merci), Lord of Mandre and Collenburg ( 1597 – 3 August 1645), was a German field marshal in the Thirty Years' War who fought for the Imperial side and was commander-in-chief of the Bavarian army from 1643 to 1645. ...
's Imperial-Bavarian army recaptured it in 1644. As a result of the
Truce of Ulm The Truce of Ulm () (also known as the Treaty of Ulm) was signed in Ulm on 14 March 1647 between France, Sweden, and Bavaria. This truce was developed after France and Sweden invaded Bavaria during the Thirty Years' War. Both invading nations fo ...
ending hostilities between Bavaria and the allies Sweden and France, Swedish troops occupied the city in 1647–1649.


Annexation by the Duchy of Baden: 1803–1918

With the
Reichsdeputationshauptschluss The ' (formally the ', or "Principal Conclusion of the Extraordinary Imperial Delegation"), sometimes referred to in English as the Final Recess or the Imperial Recess of 1803, was a resolution passed by the ' (Imperial Diet) of the Holy Roman Em ...
in 1803, Überlingen lost its status as a free imperial city, and its legal, economic, and political autonomy. As part of the
German Mediatisation German mediatisation (; ) was the major redistribution and reshaping of territorial holdings that took place between 1802 and 1814 in Germany by means of the subsumption and Secularization (church property), secularisation of a large number of ...
process, through which several of the German dynasties that lost lands and subjects on the west bank of the Rhine were compensated with other territories and populations, Überlingen became a part of the duchy of Baden, later the
Grand Duchy of Baden The Grand Duchy of Baden () was a German polity on the east bank of the Rhine. It originally existed as a sovereign state from 1806 to 1871 and later as part of the German Empire until 1918. The duchy's 12th-century origins were as a Margravia ...
. Through 13 organization edicts, the Duchy of Baden administration reorganized formerly free territories into a new ducal organization. For Überlingen, this meant the restructuring of the entire apparatus of administration and governance. Organization edicts deconstructed Überlingen's consular system of mayors, in which two men were elected to the office for one year, the first serving until immediately after Christmas, and the second from then until the new election in the spring. The once free imperial city became the administrative seat for the district (''Bezirksamt''). Despite the relative importance of its position of administrative authority, the city entered a nearly century-long economic decline, exacerbated in the first decade of ducal authority by the Year without Summer, a consequence of the Tambora volcanic eruption in 1815, which had a VEI–7 index. In the revolutionary period, 1848–1849, Überlingen experienced its share of turmoil. Überlingen's own militia apparently enjoyed an early occupation of the wine cellars at the former Salem Abbey, which after 1803 became a ducal palace and winery, but revolutionary activity extended more deeply into the social fabric. In early July 1848, Prussian and Bavarian troops invaded the Bodensee region, and imposed a form of military rule; several important personages, including Überlingen's physician and one of its schoolteachers, drew lengthy prison sentences for their revolutionary activity, nine months and a year, respectively. One of the former abbeys served as a prison for revolutionary convicts.Semler, 166–7. Two companies of Prussian troops, about 400 men plus their officers, occupied the city until late 1850, when they were replaced by ducal troops.Semler, 168. Although no sons of Überlingen fought in the civil war with Austria (
Austro-Prussian War The Austro-Prussian War (German: ''Preußisch-Österreichischer Krieg''), also known by many other names,Seven Weeks' War, German Civil War, Second War of Unification, Brothers War or Fraternal War, known in Germany as ("German War"), ''Deutsc ...
), Baden preferred to remain outside the conflict, and 72 of Überlingen's young men were called to fight the war with France in 1870; three of them fell in action and are commemorated in the parish church, St. Nikolaus. From 1846 to 1910, around 300 Überlingen sons and daughters emigrated to Switzerland, North or South America, or Australia.


Überlingen as a spa

The healing properties of the city's mineral waters, which sprang from a source under one of the towers on the western side of the city wall, had been understood since the early 16th century, and produced a regular source of income for the city and the ''spital''; during the Thirty Years' War, the spring had been covered over; it remained covered in the postwar period and then was largely forgotten. It was fortuitously "rediscovered" during Überlingen's difficult times. A spa hotel was constructed and the notables started to arrive: Heinrich Zschokke (1771–1848), Ludwig Uhland, the poet (1787–1862), Gustav Schwab (1792–1850), and Germanist Franz Pfeiffer (1815–1868) were regular visitors.Semler, p. 172. A pathway along the western wall, to the highest point within the city gates, is still called the Uhland walkway, and a marker notes that this was one of the poet's favorite walks. The economic problems were in large part due to the difficulties of transportation. Although the first coal-powered steam ship, the ''Hohentwiel'' (named for the impregnable castle on the dormant volcano Hohentwiel by Singen), owned by Joseph Cotta, had traversed the lake in 1825, the city did not emerge from its economic difficulties as a spa city until 1895, with the construction of a railway link to Überlingen. In 1901, the link was connected through Friedrichshafen, making travel to and from the city easier and quicker, and improving the city's prospects as a spa city. The link to Friedrichshafen completed the laying of tracks around the lake. Once the rail line was completed, marketing the city as a spa resort became feasible.


The Weimar Republic and the period of National Socialism

The peaceful life in Überlingen was interrupted by the war in 1914, when 145 of its sons died, and 20 were missing in action. In 1918, with the
German Revolution German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
and the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm, Überlingen became part of the
Republic of Baden The Republic of Baden () was a German state during the Weimar Republic. It was formed as the successor to the Grand Duchy of Baden during the German revolution of 1918–1919 and formally dissolved in 1945. Today it is part of the federal state ...
. For some, "the Revolution in the year 1918 came as a peaceful relief,"Semler, p. 169. but from 1918 to 1923, inflation overran the city, and many of the pensioners living there fell on hard times. During the period of National Socialism (Third Reich), a subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp was established on the outskirts of Überlingen ( KZ Aufkirch). From October 1944 to April 1945, its 800 detainees worked in Überlingen, constructing an extensive underground facility, the Goldbach Stollen, for the manufacture of military armaments. The underground facility, established in natural caves and tunnels, protected the plant from Allied bombing runs. Of the 800 workers, 168 detainees died in either the cave conversion or a misdirected Allied bombing raid. The names of the dead ''KZ'' prisoners are listed in the book by Oswald Burger (''Der Stollen'') as a memorial. On 22 February 1945, Überlingen experienced its only bombing raid, possibly attracted by the presence of the Dachau subcamp. In this raid, part of Operation Clarion, seven medium-range B–26 Martin Marauders of the US 320th Air Expeditionary Wing dropped 56 500-pound bombs, seveen of them with delay fuses, on the city's rail yards. The bombers had taken off from the base in eastern France by
Épinal Épinal (; ; ) is a Communes of France, commune in northeastern France and the prefecture of the Vosges (department), Vosges Departments of France, department. Geography The commune has a land area of . It is situated on the river Moselle, so ...
and dropped their bombs at about 13:45. The bombs destroyed six residential buildings, and severely damaged 17 others; 38 buildings were slightly damaged. Eleven forced laborers, four members of the military construction crews, and five residents of the Upper Station Road 97 are buried in the cemetery in the nearby pilgrim church Birnau. The memorial lies about east of the church.Semler, 170. Troops of the French army arrived on 25 April 1945, and collected all the arms, munitions and weaponry in the city, to be stored in one of the former guild houses built in the 15th century. On the night of 2 May of the year, a fire destroyed the building and the western side of the market square. The fire is thought to have been started by a careless French sentry. From 1937, German-Jewish composer Walter Braunfels avoided Nazi persecution by living in near-anonymity in Überlingen. There, he composed music (including three large-scale stage works) and made a living teaching music to the local children during the course of the Second World War.


After World War II to present

In 1972, Überlingen became the first city in the German Federal Republic to institute a tax for residents who obtain a second home in the city (), which became known as the so-called Überlingen model. With the administrative reform of 1973, Überlingen lost its status as the seat of the County of Überlingen (). A major part of it was merged with the County of Tettnang () to Lake Constance County (
Bodenseekreis Bodenseekreis ("Lake Constance district") is a ''Landkreis'' (district) in the south-east of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from west, clockwise) Konstanz, Sigmaringen and Ravensburg, and in Bavaria, Lindau district. ...
). In January 1993, Überlingen became a great district city (''Große Kreisstadt'') granted by the state administration of Baden-Württemberg. In March 1980, Winifred Wagner, the widow of
Siegfried Wagner Siegfried Helferich Richard Wagner (6 June 18694 August 1930) was a German composer and conductor, the son of Richard Wagner. He was an opera composer and the artistic director of the Bayreuth Festival from 1908 to 1930. Life Siegfried Wagner ...
, died at Überlingen.


Überlingen as a resort today

By the 1950s, Überlingen had established itself as a premier tourist destination on Lake Bodensee, particularly for those interested in the health cure. Überlingen was Baden-Württemberg's first '' Kneippheilbad'', a
homeopath Homeopathy or homoeopathy is a pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine. It was conceived in 1796 by the German physician Samuel Hahnemann. Its practitioners, called homeopaths or homeopathic physicians, believe that a substance that ...
ic cure using water therapy, diet, aroma therapy, and exercise, is based on the principles of health developed by Sebastian Kneipp. The city's shore promenade ends at the new health resort (opened 2003), the Bodensee Therme (spa). In 2005, the city and its collaborators, Deisendorf and Lippertsreute, won the gold medal in the competition, Our City Blooms (''Unsere Stadt blüht auf'').Rainer Barth: Jubiläumsweg Bodenseekreis – Von Kressbronn bis Überlingen – Der Bodenseekreis in 6 Etappen. Robert Gessler, Friedrichshafen (2004); . The city also provides numerous walking paths and is located on the long ''Jubiläumsweg'', an historic landmark and nature trail through the Bodensee region beginning at Kressbronn and ending at the Überlingen Therme. Überlingen has also joined the Cittaslow movement to protect itself from overdevelopment. In 2012, the city banned genetically modified organisms and pesticides.


2002 midair collision

The city received international attention in July 2002 with the midair collision of Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, a Tupolev Tu-154, and
DHL DHL (originally named after founders Dalsey, Hillblom and Lynn) is a multinational Import-Export Expert Company, founded in the United States and headquartered in Bonn, Germany. It provides courier, package delivery, and express mail service, ...
Flight 611 (a Boeing 757-23APF cargo jet manned by two pilots) on 1 July 2002. In this incident, the passenger plane carrying 69, mostly children and a few adult chaperones, who were travelling to Spain, collided with a cargo plane in midair, at about . The debris fell throughout the northern Überlingen suburbs. Seventy-one people died in the accident, including all the children, their chaperones, and the pilot and co-pilot of the Boeing cargo plane. One of the largest portions of the debris landed in a glade by Brachenreuthe, and the victims of the crash are commemorated there with a string of oversized "pearls". Less than two years later, on 24 February 2004, Peter Nielsen, the air traffic controller on duty at the time of the accident, was stabbed to death by an architect, Vitaly Kaloyev, who had lost his wife and two children in the accident. Nielsen was 36 years old. On 19 May 2004, the
German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation The German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation
" ''German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation ...
published its determination that the accident had been caused by shortcomings in the Swiss
air traffic control Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through a given section of controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled air ...
system supervising the flights at the time of the accident and by ambiguities in the use of TCAS, the on-board aircraft collision avoidance system.


Geography

Überlingen is located on the so-called Überlinger Lake portion of Lake Constance, an important water source for southwestern Germany. The countryside is a hilly
moraine A moraine is any accumulation of unconsolidated debris (regolith and Rock (geology), rock), sometimes referred to as glacial till, that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions, and that has been previously carried along by a gla ...
, formed in the last ice age. The city is from
Zürich Zurich (; ) is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich. , the municipality had 448,664 inhabitants. The ...
, from Constance, and from
Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...
. The following cities and communities border the city of Überlingen. Clockwise from the west, they are: Bodman-Ludwigshafen and Stockach, which belong to the County of Constance, and Sipplingen, Bodman,
Ludwigshafen Ludwigshafen, officially Ludwigshafen am Rhein (; meaning "Ludwig I of Bavaria, Ludwig's Port upon the Rhine"; Palatine German dialects, Palatine German: ''Ludwichshafe''), is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city in the German state of Rh ...
, Owingen, Frickingen, Salem and Uhldingen-Mühlhofen. The city exercises legal jurisdiction over the neighboring communities of Owingen and Sipplingen.


Administrative subdivisions of Überlingen

Besides central Überlingen (the ''Kernstadt''), the town of Überlingen consists of several villages and neighborhoods. Throughout Baden-Württemberg, in the second half of the 20th century, many old farmsteads were developed into neighborhoods. Some of them retained the names of old villages or large farmsteads. Administrative reorganizations consolidated many of these tiny communities into municipalities and administrative districts. After restructure in the administrative reform of the 1970s, the formerly independent municipalities of Bambergen, Bonndorf, Deisendorf, Hödingen, Lippertsreute, Nesselwangen, und Nußdorf are now included in Überlingen. The townships are unified - today, in the sense that they have their own elections for municipal governments, with a municipal administrator. Some are listed below: *in the ''Kernstadt'': Altbirnau, Andelshofen, Aufkirch, Brachenreuthe, Brünnensbach, Goldbach, Höllwangen, Hohenlinden, Kogenbach, Rengoldshausen, Restlehof, Reutehöfe, Weiherhöfe *to ''Bambergen'': Forsthaus Hohrain, Heffhäusle, Neuhof, Ottomühle, Reuthemühle, Schönbuch *to ''Bonndorf'': Buohof, Eggenweiler, Fuchsloch, Haldenhof, Helchenhof, Kaienhof, Negelhof, Talmühle, Walpertsweiler *to ''Deisendorf'': Hasenweide, Katharinenhof, Klammerhölzle, Königshof, Nonnenhölzle, Scheinbuch, Wilmershof *to ''Hödingen'': Länglehof, Spetzgart *to ''Lippertsreute'': Bruckfelder Mühle, Ernatsreute, Hagenweiler, Hebsack, Hippmannsfelderhof, In der hohen Eich, Neues Haus, Oberhof, Schellenberg, Steinhöfe, Wackenhausen *to ''Nesselwangen'': Alte Wette, Fischerhaus, Hinterberghof, Katzenhäusle, Ludwigshof, Mühlberghof, Reutehof, Sattlerhäusle, Vorderberghof, Weilerhof *to ''Nußdorf'': Untermaurach


Architecture

The Münster St. Nikolaus is the largest late Gothic building in the region and a city landmark, as well as an emblem of Überlingen. The church has a large wooden altar carved by Jörg Zürn in the late Renaissance. On a pier in the inner altar is a figure of Jakob with his staff and scallop shell. On a wider pier is a cannonball from the 1634 siege by Swedish troops and their allies; it carries the inscription (loosely translated): "Swedish Field Marshal HOX would subdue Überlingen, is Swedish troopsattempted and lost three stormings f the city and afterward he must yield. Maria (Holy Maria) this is your Victory sign". The cannonball was fired into the city and lodged in the main beam of the Hosanna bell tower. The Sylvester Chapel in the city quarter of Goldbach is the oldest church building in the Lake Constance region, and contains frescoes of the Reichenauer School from the ninth century. The City Hall was erected during the Renaissance period. The City Council hall is decorated with a cycle of limewood figures carved by master Jakob Ruß. The figures illustrate the hierarchy of the imperial estates, from princes to peasants, arranged into groups of four – the so-called "Imperial quaternions". The decorative programme offers an impression of the power structure in the time of its installation (1490–1494). The Granary served as the center of Überlingen's once great
grain trade The grain trade refers to the local and international trade in cereals such as wheat, barley, maize, rice, and other food grains. Grain is an important trade item because it is easily stored and transported with limited spoilage, unlike other agri ...
and, since its complete renovation in 1998, is one of the most visually appealing cultural monuments of the city. Between the landing place and the market place, directly on the shore of the lake, the classic structure of the merchant and grain house can be seen from Mainau. Since its renovation in 1998, it is a notable cultural monument of the city. Documentary evidence through the proclamation of the so-called Grain Ordinance dates the original building to 1421. Construction researchers date the load-bearing oak piers to the year 1382. Foundation remnants suggest it was the site of an older building of similar size. The present-day Granary was constructed in 1788 by Franz Anton Bagnato, in the style of the transitional period from
Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...
to
Classic A classic is an outstanding example of a particular style; something of Masterpiece, lasting worth or with a timeless quality; of the first or Literary merit, highest quality, class, or rank – something that Exemplification, exemplifies its ...
. Since 1936/37, it has been protected under the Baden State Building ordinance. The Franciscan church was built in 1348 in the Romanesque style, and in the early 18th century, converted to a Baroque style. It was renovated in the 1990s. The Chapel of St Michael (Aufkirch), outside of the city, was built in 1000, and was the city's first parish church. It and the village were severely damaged in the 1634 siege.


Geologic anomalies

Überlingen's location on the eastern Swiss plateau places it at the end of glacial moraine of the second ice age. The glaciers of the last ice age cut through the region as well, creating a mixture of moraine and glacial cuts, the deepest of which runs through the old forests at Hödingen to the lake. The combination of glacial carving, moraine, and erosion have created several unique geologic formations.


Spetzgart

The area immediately to the west of Überlingen is known as the ''Spetzgart'', due to its jointed tower formations. The name reflects the region's complex ''Alemannic'' language traditions: ''Spetz'' (or spitz, meaning point) and ''Gart'' (or Garten, meaning garden). The ''Spetz'' are an example of the geologic processes that shaped the eastern regions of the Swiss plateau. One can also see the geologic ''
molasse __NOTOC__ In geology, "molasse" () are sandstones, shales and conglomerates that form as terrestrial or shallow marine deposits in front of rising mountain chains. The molasse deposits accumulate in a foreland basin, especially on top of flys ...
'' created in the
Jurassic The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately 143.1 Mya. ...
and
Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ...
periods. This area is a protected Natural area (see below).


Protected areas

In Überlingen and its surrounding environs, there are, as of April 2009, three Rural Parks and four Nature Areas, protected by law. * Protected Natural Areas The ''Aach Ravine'', 72
hectares The hectare (; SI symbol: ha) is a non-SI metric unit of area equal to a square with 100-metre sides (1 hm2), that is, square metres (), and is primarily used in the measurement of land. There are 100 hectares in one square kilometre. A ...
(ha), the ''Hödinger Ravine'' (28 ha) between Hödingen and Sipplingen, the ''Katharine Rocks'' (4 ha) and '' Spetzgart Ravine'' (12 ha) between Goldbach und Spetzgart.


Climate

Despite its distance from an ocean, Überlingen has, depending on the definition used, an
oceanic climate An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen climate classification, Köppen classification represented as ''Cfb'', typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of co ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
''Cfb''), with four distinct seasons. The climate is generally mesothermal with seasonal variations. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Überlingen is a ''Cfb'' climate: the ''C'' designates climates with average monthly temperatures above in their warmest months (April to September in northern hemisphere) and above in their coldest months. The ''f'' indicates a significant year-round precipitation pattern with little or no difference between the amount of precipitation in the warmer months and the colder months. Decisively for the climate, winds can flow alternately from westerly directions, which often result in precipitation, and easterly, which usually includes high pressure systems and cooler weather than average. The Föhn, a warm wind, plays an important role in the northern alpine valleys and has also some impact on the cities around Lake Constance. The Bise, or east or north-east wind, is especially typical in winter. The most severe weather often occurs during the change of season, when both kinds of winds bring weather fronts that collide.


Demographics


Economy

Überlingen is home of several high tech industries in manufacturing, defense, and electrical engineering. Among them are: *Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG *MTU Friedrichshafen Logistics *RAFI Eltec GmbH


Culture


Dialects

Überlingen is situated in the area where a variety of Low Alemannic German (Niederalemannisch), Lake Constance Alemannic German (Bodenseealemannisch) is spoken. Lake Constance Alemannic German can be distinguished from
High Alemannic High Alemannic is a branch of Alemannic German spoken in the westernmost Austrian state of Vorarlberg and in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Intelligibility of these dialects to non-Alemannic speakers tends to be limited. Language area The High ...
German spoken to the south in Switzerland and
Swabia Swabia ; , colloquially ''Schwabenland'' or ''Ländle''; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany. The name is ultimately derived from the medieval Duchy of Swabia, one of ...
n, which is spoken to the east in Friedrichshafen and to the north from Pfullendorf on.


Fastnacht

Überlingen is a stronghold of the Swabian-Alemannic carnival. The carnival club, ''Narrenzunft Überlingen'', or the Knaves Guild of Überlingen, is a member of the "Viererbund" carnival union. The carnival clubs of
Rottweil Rottweil (; Alemannic: ''Rautweil'') is a town in southwest Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Rottweil was a free imperial city for nearly 600 years. Located between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alps, Rottweil has over 25,000 ...
, Oberndorf and Elzach are the other three members of this union. The carnival character of Überlingen dates to the 14th century, when it is first mentioned in city council documents; the figure is called " Der Überlinger Hänsele," which would translate roughly, and redundantly, as The Little Jackie of Überlingen. On St. Martin's Day, in November, the Carnival clubs officially begin their practice; the club members parade through the streets behind a band playing the Hänsele song. Überlingers fall into line behind the Hänsele, and the procession ends with an impromptu rally in the market square. The carnival clubs heighten their activities closer to Fastnacht, the Swabian term for the celebration of carnival (see also Fasching or Fastnacht). Celebrations peak at
Shrove Tuesday Shrove Tuesday (also known as Pancake Tuesday or Pancake Day) is the final day of Shrovetide, which marks the end of the pre-Lenten season. Lent begins the following day with Ash Wednesday. Shrove Tuesday is observed in many Christian state, Ch ...
.''Narren.'' In: Der Badener, Februar 2009, S. 12, gespeichert i
Internetseite des Vereins der Badener von Hamburg und Umgebung e. V.
The carnival character, Hänsele, appears in many celebrations throughout the year. There is only one chosen "Hänsele," and he is involved in most civic celebrations; his identity usually remains anonymous. Other club members also dress up as the figure. Hänsele's costume is noted for its colorful felted squares, its fox's tail, and the incense he wears in his hood. In addition, Hänsele carries a heavy whip; prior to ''Fastnacht'', groups of uncostumed Hänseles gather in the market square to practice snapping their whips.


Market Day

Wednesdays and Saturdays are traditional market days in Überlingen, and have been since the late 14th century when the city was granted market rights. Today's 21st century Market Days bring farmers, fruit growers, wine and brandy producers, honey producers, from throughout the region; in addition to local growers and producers, some come from the Three Corner area by Basel, and others from the Tyrol. Typically, housewives will purchase cheese, bread, wine, fruits and vegetables from these sellers, although items are also available in grocery stores (which sell everything), and specialty stores, which sell single types of items: bakeries, butchers, greengrocers, wine merchants, etc. Market on Saturday lasts until early afternoon, and participants set up stalls in the market place and the adjacent church plaza. It is complete with a hurdy-gurdy organist, and occasionally other street performers. Sales also include flowers, baskets, and an expanded array of homemade items, including items from local artisans. Market on Wednesday is a smaller affair, and closes early at 1300.


Christmas Market

The Überlingen Christmas Market, also called ''Weihnachtsmarkt'', and ''Christkindlmarkt'', begins with the celebration of St. Nikolaus day, December 6. Nikolaus is the patron saint of Überlingen. A Nikolaus figure, complete with attendees including Black Peter, travels from Constance by boat, arriving at the city's boat landing. The "saint" leads a procession to the church, and then offers a special mass, particularly for children. In the ensuing 10 days, vendors offer a variety of merchandise from stalls in the Market square: delicately carved wooden ornaments, baskets, leather items, tree decorations, and all kinds of food and treats are available, such as Fladeln, or Wähe, or Wähefladel (more or less Swabian pizza), and the more widely known Würst (sausage), Kraut (cabbage), and Spätzle (little noodles). There is always Glühwein (
mulled wine Mulled wine, also known as spiced wine, is an alcoholic drink usually made with red wine, along with various mulling spices and sometimes raisins, served hot or warm. It is a traditional drink during winter, especially around Christmas. It is ...
), a heated wine with fruit zest, usually orange peel, and spices, usually cinnamon and cloves.


The Sweden Procession

To commemorate the victory over the Swedes in 1634, Überlingen holds an annual procession called the Sweden Procession. The event actually has two components, one in early May and the second in mid-July. Men and women dress in the traditional costume, ''
Tracht ''Tracht'' () refers to traditional garments in German-speaking countries and regions. Although the word is most often associated with Bavarian, Austrian, South Tyrolean and Trentino garments, including lederhosen and dirndls, many other Germa ...
'', and march in a procession around the city's inner perimeter, the inner wall. A select group of individuals carry the ''Swedenmadonna'', a figure of Mary gilded in silver in 1659. At designated places (the entry to the old pilgrim church, several gates, and the fountain where Mary appeared to chase the Swedes away) the priest offers special prayers and a small cannon is fired. The city band plays music to accompany the procession. At the July procession, a company of men perform the ''Swertletanz'' ( small sword dance) at the church plaza, for the priest, and at the market place, for the mayor.


Law and government


Mayors of Überlingen

*1308–XXXX: Ulrich am Ort *1644–1670: Johann Heinrich von Pflummern *1733–1770: Johann Leopold von Haubert *1773–1793: Freiherr von Lentz *1793–1799: Karl Enroth *1799–1802: Johann Baptist Moser *1802–1810: Karl Enroth *1810–1814: Johann Baptist Moser *1814–1830: Johann Baptist Kugel *1830–1835: Konrad Magg *1835–1847: Karl Müller *1847–1849: Hofacker *1849: Johann Sebastian Knöpfle *1849–1858: Adolf Bernhard Schmalholz *1858–1873: Mathäus Steib *1873–1879: Wilhelm Beck *1879–1885: Mathäus Steib *1885–1919: Maurus Betz *1919–1933: Heinrich Emerich *1933–1945: Albert Spreng (NSDAP) *1945: Karl Löhle ( SPD) *1946–1948: Franz Hug (Independent) *1948–1969: Wilhelm Anton Schelle ( CDU) *1969–1993: Reinhard Ebersbach (SPD) *1993–2000: Klaus Patzel (SPD) *2000–2008: Volkmar Weber (Independent) *2009–2017: Sabine Becker (since 2014, Independent; previously CDU) *since 2017: Jan Zeitler (SPD)


Education

Several primary and secondary education schools are situated in Überlingen. Most of those schools are public.


Public schools

There are several primary schools in the city center and the suburbs of Überlingen. Further there is a secondary and high school as well as vocational schools which includes: *Realschule Überlingen (Secondary school) *Gymnasium Überlingen (High school) *Joerg-Zuern Gewerbeschule (Technical school) *Constantin Vanotti Schule (Business school) *Justus von Liebig Schule (Biotechnology, social and health science school)


Private schools

*Waldorfschule Überlingen * Schule Schloss Salem


Media

The Suedkurier is the main daily newspaper in Überlingen. It has a local section for the city of Überlingen and is represented by a local editing office in Überlingen.


Transport


Air

The nearest airports are the
Friedrichshafen Airport Friedrichshafen Airport (, ; also known as ''Bodensee Airport Friedrichshafen'') is a minor international airport 1.9 miles (3 km) north of Friedrichshafen, Germany, on the banks of Lake Constance (German: ''Bodensee''). It is the third bi ...
(32 km) with mostly domestic destinations and the
Zurich Airport Zurich Airport is the largest international airport of Switzerland and the airline hub, principal hub of Swiss International Air Lines. It serves Zurich, the largest city in Switzerland, and, with its surface transport links, much of the rest o ...
(100 km) with international destinations.


Road

Bundesstraße 31 (German Federal Freeway) runs from east to west through Überlingen. The section from the end of A 81 (German Federal Highway) to Überlingen has been upgraded in recent decades to B31n, where "n" stands for new.


Rail

The Stahringen–Friedrichshafen railway runs through Überlingen, through a two section tunnel under the historical city core. Überlingen is served by three stations which are from east to west Überlingen-Nussdorf, Überlingen, and Überlingen-Therme. Überlingen is the main station which is served by inter-regional-express (IRE) trains from Basel German station to Ulm main station and regional trains (RB) from Friedrichshafen to Singen Hohentwiel, while Überlingen-Therme and Überlingen Nussdorf are only served by the regional trains.


Water

Überlingen is linked to Wallhausen, a suburb of Constance by ferry, from which the city center of Constance can be reached by bus. In late spring through early fall, regular water transportation links Überlingen with Constance, Meersburg, and the island of Mainau.


Twin towns – sister cities

Überlingen is twinned with: * Chantilly, France (1987) *
Bad Schandau Bad Schandau (; , ) is a spa town in Germany, in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge, Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district of Saxony. It is situated on the right bank of the Elbe, at the mouth of the valley of the Kirnitzsch and in the ar ...
, Germany (1990)


Hamlets and villages

*''Andelshofen'' was first mentioned in 1239 as Andelsowe. The site was the property of the Knights of St. John (Order of Malta). In 1552 and again in 1634, the site was burned to the ground, and later rebuilt. Judicial authority over the village lay with Überlingen. In 1805 Baden annexed Andelshofen, and it was reorganized into a part of the Überlingen administrative district. In 1927, the commune was dissolved and Andelshofen was incorporated into the commune of Überlingen. Its various hamlets came under the administrative jurisdiction of other small towns: Hagenweiler to Lippertsweiler, Schonbuch to the commune of Bambergen. *''Aufkirch'' was first mentioned in 1242 as Ufkilche. The site was the location of the original Parish Church of Überlingen, St. Michael. The church with its surrounding territory was transferred in 1311 to the Engelberg Abbey, and in 1343 to the Teutonic Order on the Island of Mainau. These came to Überlingen in 1557. From then, the church became a filial parish of the Munster in Überlingen, and village territory went to Überlingen with the status of hamlet. *''Bambergen'' was first mentioned in 1268. In the 13th and 14th centuries the seat of Regentsweil estate, its property came to the ''Spital'' in Überlingen in 1352. The free imperial city of Überlingen exercised both low and high justice over Bambergen and a few smaller nearby hamlets, including Reuthemühle. Accordingly, Bambergen was the seat of several villages and hamlets belonging to the Überlingen Spital. In 1803 Baden annexed the territory and it was reorganized into the jurisdiction of Überlingen. *''Bonndorf'' was first mentioned in 800 as Pondorf. In the 12th century, became part of the Hohenfels estate. Between 1423 and 1479 it was sold to the Spital, and thus came under the authority of the city. In 1803, Baden annexed the territory and merged it with the community in the administrative district of Überlingen. *''Nesselwangen'' was mentioned in 1094 as Nezzelwanc. Later, the site came into the possession of the Monastery of All Saints, in
Schaffhausen Schaffhausen (; ; ; ; ), historically known in English as Shaffhouse, is a list of towns in Switzerland, town with historic roots, a municipalities of Switzerland, municipality in northern Switzerland, and the capital of the canton of Schaffh ...
. Later it was part of the lordship of Hohenfels, and from them it came into the possession of the Überlingen spital. In 1803, it was annexed by the Duchy of Baden and incorporated into the jurisdiction of Überlingen. *''Walpertsweiler'' was originally known as ''Waltprechtesweiler'' in 1160, when it belonged to the Cirstercian Monastery in Salem. In 1415 it came into the possession of the Überlingen spital and since the annexation by Baden (1803) is part of the community of Bonndorf.


Notable people

*
Henry Suso Henry Suso, OP (also called Amandus, a name adopted in his writings, and Heinrich Seuse or Heinrich von Berg in German; 21 March 1295 – 25 January 1366) was a German Dominican friar and the most popular vernacular writer of the fourteenth c ...
(1295–1366), a German Dominican friar, beatified by the Catholic Church in 1831. * Bonifaz Wohlmut, (DE Wiki) (1510–1579), master builder, worked in Vienna and Prague * Franz Schoch, (DE Wiki) (1762–1813), district administrator in the Baden civil service * Karl Joseph Brodtmann (1787–1862) was a Swiss artist, lithographer, printmaker, publisher and bookseller. * Manfred Pfister, (DE Wiki) (1879–1959), lawyer and district administrator in the Baden civil service * Siegfried Lauterwasser (1913–2000), photographer * Julius Viel, (DE Wiki) (1918–2002), a German journalist, author and convicted war criminal. * Nike Wagner (born 1945), a
dramaturge A dramaturge or dramaturg (from Ancient Greek δραματουργός – dramatourgós) is a literary adviser or editor in a theatre, opera, or film company who researches, selects, adapts, edits, and interprets scripts, libretti, texts, and pr ...
, arts administrator and author; granddaughter of
Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most o ...
* Alexander Lauterwasser (born 1951), photographer * Hans Schlegel (born 1951), astronaut, veteran of two
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the federal government of the United States, US federal government responsible for the United States ...
Space Shuttle The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable launch system, reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. ...
missions. * Stephan Braunfels (born 1950), architect *
Roman Schatz Roman Schatz (born 21 August 1960) is a German-born Finnish journalist and author. He was born in Überlingen, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany. He has written more than two dozen books, many of which have also been published in Germany. His fir ...
(born 1960), Finnish journalist and author. * Marco Keiner (born 1963), author, environmental director at the
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE or UNECE) is an intergovernmental organization or a specialized body of the United Nations. The UNECE is one of five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Econom ...
* Mark Keller (born 1965), actor * Marc Dumitru (born 1986), a German actor and singer of Romanian descent.


Sport

* Michael Steinbach (born 1969), a retired rower, gold medallist at the
1992 Summer Olympics The 1992 Summer Olympics (, ), officially the Games of the XXV Olympiad (, ) and officially branded as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Beginning in 1994 ...
* Uwe Möhrle (born 1979), a German former footballer who played 476 games * Richard Ringer (born 1989), long-distance and cross-country runner * Nicolas Höfler (born 1990), a German footballer who has played over 400 games


Notable residents

* Otto Buchinger (1878–1966), physician, founded Buchinger therapeutic fasting, worked and died locally * Adolf Horion (1888–1977), a German
entomologist Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...
who specialised in
coleoptera Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 40 ...
, died locally. * Kurt Badt (1890–1973), art historian, died locally. * Friedrich Georg Jünger (1898–1977) poet, essayist, Bodensee-Literature winner in 1955, died locally. * Fred Raymond (1900–1954), Austrian composer, who lived from 1951 in Überlingen, where his tomb is * Walter Frentz (1907–2004), German cameraman, film producer and photographer; died locally * Manfred Fuhrmann (1925–2005), a professor for classical Latin philology * Martin Walser (1927–2023), writer, winner of the
Peace Prize of the German Book Trade is an international list of peace prizes, peace prize awarded annually by the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels (), which runs the Frankfurt Book Fair. The award ceremony is held in the Frankfurter Paulskirche, Paulskirche in Frankfurt. T ...
, died in Nussdorf


Towns adjacent to Überlingen

* Sipplingen * Uhldingen-Mühlhofen * Salem * Owingen * Bodman-Ludwigshafen


Literature

(all in German) *Dieter Helmut Stolz: ''Geliebtes Überlingen. Ein Gang durch Geschichte und Kultur der Stadt am Bodensee. Mit Stadtrundgang.'' Mit zahlr. Fotos von Siegfried Lauterwasser. 2., überarb. Auflage. Verlag des Südkurier, Konstanz 1981, . *Paul Baur (Hrsg.): ''...klein, hochmodern aber hiesig! Überlinger Gewerbe im Wandel'' Verein der Freunde der Jörg-Zürn-Gewerbeschule 2. Auflage 1997, . *Bettina Bernhard: ''"Kur am und im See, Alpenblick inklusive". Das Kneippheilbad Überlingen.'' In: Wolfgang Niess, Sönke Lorenz (Hrsg.): ''Kult-Bäder und Bäderkultur in Baden-Württemberg.'' Markstein, Filderstadt 2004, . *Michael Brunner, Marion Harder-Merkelbach (Hrsg.): ''1100 Jahre Kunst und Architektur in Überlingen (850–1950).'' Begleitbuch zur Ausstellung der Städtischen Galerie Überlingen. Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2005, . *Oswald Burger: ''Der Stollen.'' Überlingen 2005, (Dokumentation zum KZ Aufkirch, Goldbacher Stollen, kurzer Abschnitt über KZ-Friedhof Birnau). *Oswald Burger, Hansjörg Straub: ''Die Levingers. Eine Familie in Überlingen.'' Eggingen 2002, (geschildert werden nebenbei auch die Überlinger Vereine um 1900 und die Zeit des Großherzogtums bzw. des Staates Baden). *Jan Fornol et al.: ''s brennt! Überlingen eine Stadt und ihre Feuerwehr 1853 bis 2003''. Eigenverlag, 2003 *Alois Schneider, Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Stadt Überlingen (Hrsg.): Archäologischer Stadtkataster Baden-Württemberg Band 34 ''Überlingen''. Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart Landesamt für Denkmalpflege 2008, . *Peter Höring, Ursula Horstmann und Hermann Keller: ''Chronik von Andelshofen.'' Eigenverlag, 2010, 248 Seiten *Eva-Maria Bast, Heike Thissen: ''Geheimnisse der Heimat: 50 spannende Geschichten aus Überlingen''. Edition SÜDKURIER, 2011, . *Alfons Semler: ''Überlingen – Bilder aus der Geschichte einer kleinen Reichsstadt'', Oberbadischer Verlag, Singen 1949


References


External links


history and images

Der Trachtenbund Überlingen e.V.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Uberlingen 1803 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire States and territories established in 1268 Populated places on Lake Constance Bodenseekreis Swabian League Baden States and territories disestablished in 1803 Free imperial cities