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Novi Sad ( sr-Cyrl, Нови Сад, ; see below for other names) is the second largest city in
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
and the capital of the autonomous province of
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
. It is located in the southern portion of the
Pannonian Plain The Pannonian Basin, with the term Carpathian Basin being sometimes preferred in Hungarian literature, is a large sedimentary basin situated in southeastern Central Europe. After the Treaty of Trianon following World War I, the geomorphologic ...
on the border of the
Bačka Bačka ( sr-Cyrl, Бачка, ) or Bácska (), is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary. ...
and
Syrmia Syrmia (Ekavian sh-Latn-Cyrl, Srem, Срем, separator=" / " or Ijekavian sh-Latn-Cyrl, Srijem, Сријем, label=none, separator=" / ") is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is div ...
geographical regions. Lying on the banks of the
Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...
river, the city faces the northern slopes of
Fruška Gora Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора) is a mountain in Syrmia, with most of the mountain being part of Serbia and its westernmost edge extending into eastern Croatia. The Serbian part of the mountain forms the country's oldest National p ...
and it is the fifth largest of all cities on the river Danube. It is the largest Danube city that is not the capital of an independent state. , the population of the city proper area totals 260,438 while its urban area (including the adjacent settlements of
Petrovaradin Petrovaradin ( sr-Cyrl, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across the m ...
and
Sremska Kamenica Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Сремска Каменица, ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia. Name In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian as ' ...
) comprises 306,702 inhabitants. According to the city's Informatika Agency, Novi Sad had 415,712 residents in 2025. Novi Sad was founded in 1694, when
Serb The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history, and language. They primarily live in Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia ...
merchants formed a colony across the Danube from the
Petrovaradin Fortress Petrovaradin Fortress ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Петроварадинска тврђава, Petrovaradinska tvrđava, ; ), nicknamed "Gibraltar on/of the Danube", is a Bastion fort, bastion fortress in the town of Petrovaradin, itself part of the City of ...
, a strategic
Habsburg The House of Habsburg (; ), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most powerful dynasties in the history of Europe and Western civilization. They were best known for their inbreeding and for ruling vast realms throughout Europe d ...
military post. In subsequent centuries, it became an important trading, manufacturing and cultural centre, and has historically been dubbed ''the Serbian Athens''. The city was heavily devastated in the
1848 Revolution The revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the springtime of the peoples or the springtime of nations, were a series of revolutions throughout Europe over the course of more than one year, from 1848 to 1849. It remains the most widespre ...
, but was subsequently rebuilt and restored. Today, along with the Serbian capital city of Belgrade, Novi Sad is an industrial and financial center important to the Serbian economy. Novi Sad was the
European Youth Capital The European Youth Capital (abbreviated EYC) is a title awarded by the European Youth Forum to a European city annually, designed to empower young people, boost youth participation and strengthen European identity through projects focused on yout ...
in 2019 and the
European Capital of Culture A European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union (EU) for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong pan-European dimension. Being a European Capital of Culture can ...
in 2022. It became a
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
Creative City Creative City (aka Fujairah Creative City – FCC) is a media free zone government-owned company in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Overview FCC was launched by Fujairah Media as an alternative to Dubai Media City, aims to attract regional ...
of
Media Arts New media art includes artworks designed and produced by means of electronic media technologies. It comprises virtual art, computer graphics, computer animation, digital art, interactive art, sound art, Internet art, video games, robotics, 3D ...
in 2023.


Name

The name ''Novi Sad'' means "new plantation" in
Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian ( / ), also known as Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS), is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. It is a pluricentric language with four mutually i ...
. Its Latin name, stemming from the establishment of Habsburg city rights, is ''Neoplanta''. The official names of Novi Sad in local administration are: * / * * * In both Croatian and
Romanian Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language ***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language **Romanian cuisine, traditional ...
, which are official in provincial administration, the city is called ''Novi Sad''. Historically, the city was called ''Neusatz'' and ''Neusatz an der Donau'' (translated as 'Novi Sad on the Danube') in
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
. In its wider meaning, the name ''new plantation'' refers to the "City of Novi Sad", one of the city-level
administrative units Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divi ...
of
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
, which includes Novi Sad proper on the left bank of the Danube, the towns of Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin on the right bank and the extensive suburbs of the left bank. ''Novi Sad'' can also refer
strictly In mathematical writing, the term strict refers to the property of excluding equality and equivalence and often occurs in the context of inequality and monotonic functions. It is often attached to a technical term to indicate that the exclusiv ...
to only the urban areas of the city (Novi Sad proper and the towns of Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin), or only to the historical core on the left bank, i.e. Novi Sad proper excluding Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin.


History


Older settlements

Human habitation in the territory of present-day Novi Sad has been traced as far back as the
Stone Age The Stone Age was a broad prehistory, prehistoric period during which Rock (geology), stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years and ended b ...
. Several settlements and
necropolis A necropolis (: necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek ''nekropolis'' (). The term usually implies a separate burial site at a distan ...
es dating to 5000 BC were unearthed during the construction of a new boulevard in
Avijatičarsko Naselje Avijatičarsko Naselje (), also known as Avijacija (), is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. Borders The south-eastern border of Avijatičarsko Naselje is Ulica Oblačića Rada (Oblačića Rada Street), the north-eastern borde ...
. A settlement was also identified on the right bank of the river
Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...
in present-day
Petrovaradin Petrovaradin ( sr-Cyrl, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across the m ...
. In antiquity, the region was inhabited by
Celtic tribes This is a list of ancient Celts, Celtic peoples and tribes. Continental Celts Continental Celts were the Celtic peoples that inhabited mainland Europe and Anatolia (also known as Asia Minor). In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, Celts inhabited a la ...
, most notably the
Scordisci The Scordisci (; ) were an Iron Age cultural group who emerged after the Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe, and who were centered in the territory of present-day Serbia, at the confluence of the Savus (Sava), Dravus (Drava), Margus (Morav ...
. Celts had been present in the area since the 4th century BC and founded the first fortress on the right bank of the Danube. Later, in the 1st century BC, the region was conquered by the
Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
. During Roman rule, a larger fortress was built in the 1st century, named ''Cusum'', and included in the
Roman province The Roman provinces (, pl. ) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as Roman g ...
of
Pannonia Pannonia (, ) was a Roman province, province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, on the west by Noricum and upper Roman Italy, Italy, and on the southward by Dalmatia (Roman province), Dalmatia and upper Moesia. It ...
. In the 5th century, Cusum was devastated by Hunnic invasions. By the end of the century, the Byzantines had rebuilt the town and called it ''Petrikon'' or ''Petrikov'' () after
Saint Peter Saint Peter (born Shimon Bar Yonah; 1 BC – AD 64/68), also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus and one of the first leaders of the Jewish Christian#Jerusalem ekklēsia, e ...
. Slavs, Slavic tribes such as the Severians, the Obotrites and the Serbs (including the subtribes of the Braničevci and the Timočani) settled the region around Novi Sad, mainly in the 6th and 7th centuries.Sava S. Vujić – Bogdan M. Basarić, ''Severni Srbi (ne)zaboravljeni narod,'' Beograd, 1998, pg. 36 The Serbs absorbed the aforementioned Slavic groups as well as the Prehistory of Southeastern Europe, Paleo-Balkanic peoples of the region. In the Middle Ages, the area was controlled by the Ostrogoths, Gepids, Pannonian Avars, Avars, Franks, West Slavs, West Slavic groups, again by the Byzantines, and finally by the Hungarians. It was a part of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary from its foundation in 1000 until the Ottoman invasion in the 16th century. Hungarians began to settle in the area, which before that time had been mostly populated by Slavs. The earliest known mention was as the Hungarian variant ''Peturwarad'' or ''Pétervárad'' (Serbian: ''Petrovaradin''/Петроварадин), derived from the Byzantine variant, found in documents from 1237. That year, several other settlements were mentioned as existing in the territory of modern-day urban Novi Sad. From the 13th century to the 16th century, the following settlements existed in the urban territory of the modern-day Novi Sad:Branko Ćurčin, Slana Bara nekad i sad, Novi Sad, 2002.Borovszky Samu: Magyarország vármegyéi és városai, Bács-Bodrog vármegye I.-II. kötet, Apolló Irodalmi és Nyomdai Részvénytársaság, 1909. *on the right bank of the Danube: ''Pétervárad'' () and ''Kamanc'' (). *on the left bank of the Danube: ''Baksa'' or ''Baksafalva'' (), ''Kűszentmárton'' (), ''Bivalyos'' or ''Bivalo'' (), ''Vásárosvárad'' or ''Várad'' (), ''Zajol I'' (), ''Zajol II'' (), ''Bistritz'' (). Some other settlements existed in the suburbs of Novi Sad: ''Mortályos'' (Serbian: ''Mrtvaljoš''), ''Csenei'' (), ''Keménd'' (), ''Rév'' (). An etymology of settlement names reveals that some designations are of Slavic languages, Slavic origin, which indicates that the areas were initially inhabited by Slavs, particularly the West Slavs. For example, Bivalo (Bivaljoš) had a large Slavic settlement dating from the 5th–6th centuries. Other names are of Hungarian language, Hungarian origin (for example Bélakút, Kűszentmárton, Vásárosvárad, Rév), indicating that the settlements were inhabited by Hungarians before the Ottoman invasion in the 16th century. Some settlement names are of uncertain origin. Tax records from 1522 show a mix of Hungarian and Slavic names among the inhabitants of these villages, including Slavic names like Bozso (Božo), Radovan, Radonya (Radonja), Ivo, etc. Following the Ottoman invasion in the 16th–17th centuries, some of these settlements were destroyed. Most of the surviving Hungarian inhabitants retreated from the area. Some of the settlements persisted under Ottoman rule and were populated by ethnic Serbs. Between 1526 and 1687, the region was under Ottoman Empire, Ottoman rule. In 1590, the population of all villages in the territory of present-day Novi Sad numbered 105 houses, inhabited exclusively by Serbs. Ottoman records mention only those who paid taxes, so the number of Serbs who lived in the area (for example, those that served in the Military of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman army) was likely larger than was recorded.


Founding of Novi Sad

Habsburg rule was aligned with the Roman Catholic doctrine and, as it took over this area near the end of the 17th century, the government prohibited people of Eastern Orthodox, Orthodox faith from residing in
Petrovaradin Petrovaradin ( sr-Cyrl, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across the m ...
. Unable to build homes there, the Serbs of the area founded a new settlement in 1694 on the left bank of the Danube. They initially called it the 'Serb city' (, ). Another name used for the settlement was Petrovaradinski Šanac. In 1718, the inhabitants of the village of Almaš were resettled to Petrovaradinski Šanac, where they founded Almaški Kraj ('the Almaš quarter'). According to 1720 data, the population of Ratzen Stadt was composed of 112 Serbian, 14 German, and 5 Hungarian houses. The settlement officially gained the present names ''Novi Sad'' and ''Újvidék'' (''Neoplanta'' in Latin) in 1748 when it became a 'free royal city', in German language it was called Neusatz. The edict that made Novi Sad a 'free royal city' was proclaimed on 1 February 1748. The edict reads: In the 18th century, the Habsburg monarchy recruited Germans from the southern principalities of the Holy Roman Empire to relocate to the Danube valley. They wanted both to increase the population and to redevelop the river valley for agriculture, which had declined markedly under the Ottomans. To encourage such settlement, the government ensured that the German communities could practice their religion (mostly Catholicism) and use their original German dialect.


Habsburg monarchy

For much of the 18th and 19th centuries, Novi Sad remained the largest city inhabited by Serbs. The reformer of the Serbian language, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, wrote in 1817 that Novi Sad was the 'largest Serb municipality in the world'. It was a cultural and political centre for Serbs (see also Serbian Revival), who did not have their own Nation state, national state at the time. Due to its cultural and political influence, the city became known as the 'Serbian Athens' (''Srpska Atina'' in Serbian). According to 1843 data, Novi Sad had 17,332 inhabitants, of whom 9,675 were Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christians, 5,724 Catholic Church, Catholics, 1,032 Protestants, 727 Jews, and 30 adherents of the Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian church. The largest ethnic group in the city were Serbs, and the second largest were Germans. During the Revolutions of 1848, Revolution of 1848–49, Novi Sad was part of Serbian Vojvodina, a Serbian Autonomous area, autonomous region within the Austrian Empire. In 1849, the Hungarian garrison, located at the Petrovaradin Fortress, bombarded and devastated the city, which lost much of its population. According to the 1850 census, there were only 7,182 citizens left in the city, compared to 17,332 in 1843. Marija Trandafil and her husband paid for some of the rebuilding including two churches. Between 1849 and 1860, Novi Sad was part of a separate Austrian crownland known as the Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar. After the abolishment of this province, the city was included into the Bács-Bodrog County, Batsch-Bodrog County. The post office was opened in 1853. Following the compromise of 1867, Novi Sad was located within the Kingdom of Hungary, the ''Transleithania'', which comprised half of the new Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire. During this time, the Magyarization policy of the Hungarian government drastically altered the demographic structure of the city as the formerly predominantly Serbian population became one with a more mixed character. In 1880, 41.2% of the city's inhabitants used the Serbian language most frequently and 25.9% employed Hungarian. In the following decades, the percentage of Serbian-speakers decreased, while the number of Hungarian-speakers increased. According to the 1910 census, the city had 33,590 residents, of whom 13,343 (39.72%) spoke Hungarian, 11,594 (34.52%) Serbian, 5,918 (17.62%) German and 1,453 (4.33%) Slovak. It is not certain whether Hungarians or Serbs were the larger ethnic group in the city in 1910, since the various ethnic groups (Bunjevci, Romani people, Romani, Jews, other South Slavs, South Slavic people, etc.) were classified in census results only according to the language they spoke. Similar demographic changes can be seen in the religious structure: in 1870, the population of Novi Sad included 8,134 Orthodox Christians, 6,684 Catholics, 1,725 Calvinists, 1,343 Lutherans, and others. In 1910, the population included 13,383 Roman Catholics and 11,553 Orthodox Christians, while 3,089 declared themselves as Lutheran, 2,751 as Calvinist, and 2,326 as Jewish.


Serbia and Yugoslavia

On 25 November 1918, the Great People's Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs in Banat, Bačka and Baranja, Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs of Vojvodina in Novi Sad proclaimed the union of the region of Vojvodina with the Kingdom of Serbia. From 1 December 1918, Novi Sad was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes; and in 1929, it became the capital of the Danube Banovina, a province of the newly named Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1921, the population of Novi Sad numbered 39,122 inhabitants, 16,293 of whom spoke the Serbian language, 12,991 Hungarian, 6,373 German, 1,117 Slovak, etc. In 1941, Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the Axis powers, and its northern parts, including Novi Sad, were annexed by Hungary during World War II, Hungary. During World War II, about 5,000 citizens were murdered and many others were resettled. During the three days of the 1942 raid in Novi Sad, Novi Sad raid (21–23 January 1942) alone, Hungarian police killed 1,246 citizens, among them more than 800 Jews, and threw their corpses into the icy waters of the Danube. The total death toll of the raid was around 2,500. Citizens of all nationalities—Serbs, Hungarians, Slovaks, and others—fought together against the Axis authorities. In 1975 the whole city was awarded the title Order of the People's Hero, People's Hero of Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav Partisans of
Syrmia Syrmia (Ekavian sh-Latn-Cyrl, Srem, Срем, separator=" / " or Ijekavian sh-Latn-Cyrl, Srijem, Сријем, label=none, separator=" / ") is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is div ...
and
Bačka Bačka ( sr-Cyrl, Бачка, ) or Bácska (), is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary. ...
entered the city on 23 October 1944. During the military administration of Banat, Bačka and Baranja (17 October 1944 – 27 January 1945), the Partisans 1944–1945 killings in Vojvodina, killed tens of thousands, mostly Serbs, Germans, and Hungarians, who were perceived as opponents to the new regime. Novi Sad became part of the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Since 1945, Novi Sad has been the capital of Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Vojvodina, a province of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, Republic of Serbia. The city went through rapid industrialization and its population more than doubled in the period between World War II and the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. After 1992, Novi Sad became a part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Devastated by 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, NATO bombardment during the Kosovo War of 1999, 1999 NATO bombing of Novi Sad, Novi Sad was left without any of its three Danube bridges (Žeželj Bridge, Varadin Bridge and Liberty Bridge, Novi Sad, Liberty Bridge), communications, water, and electricity. Residential areas were cluster-bombed several times while the oil refinery was bombarded daily, causing severe pollution and widespread ecological damage. In 2003, FR Yugoslavia was transformed into the Political union, state union of Serbia and Montenegro. These two states separated in June 2006 (following the May 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006, Montenegrin independence referendum), leaving Novi Sad part of the Republic of Serbia. On 1 November 2024, the canopy of the Novi Sad railway station, main railway station in Novi Sad collapsed, Novi Sad railway station canopy collapse, killing sixteen people. The incident sparked a series of 2024–2025 Serbian anti-corruption protests, mass protests against government corruption.


Geography

The city lies on the meander of the river Danube, which is only 350 meters wide beneath the marking stones of Petrovaradin. A section of the Danube-Tisa-Danube Canal, Danube-Tisza-Danube Canal marks the northern edge of the wider city centre. The main part of the city lies on the left bank of the Danube in the region of
Bačka Bačka ( sr-Cyrl, Бачка, ) or Bácska (), is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary. ...
, while the smaller settlements of
Petrovaradin Petrovaradin ( sr-Cyrl, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across the m ...
and
Sremska Kamenica Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Сремска Каменица, ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia. Name In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian as ' ...
lie on the right bank, in the region of Srem (Syrmia). The section situated on the left bank of the river lies on one of the southernmost and lowest parts of the
Pannonian Plain The Pannonian Basin, with the term Carpathian Basin being sometimes preferred in Hungarian literature, is a large sedimentary basin situated in southeastern Central Europe. After the Treaty of Trianon following World War I, the geomorphologic ...
, while
Fruška Gora Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора) is a mountain in Syrmia, with most of the mountain being part of Serbia and its westernmost edge extending into eastern Croatia. The Serbian part of the mountain forms the country's oldest National p ...
on the right bank is a Horst (geology), horst mountain. Alluvial plains along the Danube are well-formed, especially on the left bank, and in some parts from the river. A large part of Novi Sad lies on a fluvial terrace with an elevation of between . The northern part of Fruška Gora is composed of massive landslide zones, although they are largely inactive with the exception of the Ribnjak, Novi Sad, Ribnjak neighbourhood between
Sremska Kamenica Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Сремска Каменица, ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia. Name In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian as ' ...
and
Petrovaradin Fortress Petrovaradin Fortress ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Петроварадинска тврђава, Petrovaradinska tvrđava, ; ), nicknamed "Gibraltar on/of the Danube", is a Bastion fort, bastion fortress in the town of Petrovaradin, itself part of the City of ...
.Завод за урбанизам: "Еколошки Атлас Новог Сада" ("Ecological Atlas of Novi Sad"), page 14-15, 1994.
The total land area of the city is , while its urban area spans .


Climate

Novi Sad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: ''Cfa'') closely bordering on humid continental climate (''Dfa'') with a January mean of . The city experiences four distinct seasons. Autumn is drier than spring, with long sunny and warm periods. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 22 days of complete sub-zero temperature, and averages 22 days of snowfall. January is the coldest month, with an average low of . Spring is usually short and rainy, while summer arrives abruptly. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Novi Sad was on 24 January 1963, and the hottest temperature ever recorded was on 24 July 2007. The east-southeasterly wind, known as Košava (wind), Košava, blows from the Carpathian Mountains, Carpathians and brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2 to 3-day intervals. The Velocity, average speed of Košava is , but gusts can sometimes reach up to . In wintertime, accompanied by Winter storm, snow storms, the winds can cause large snow-drifts.


Settlements

Novi Sad is a typical Central European town in terms of its architecture. The Town Hall and the Court House were built by Emmerich Kitzweger (1868–1917). The city was almost completely destroyed during the revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas, 1848/1849 revolution, so architecture from the 19th century dominates the Stari Grad, Novi Sad, city centre. Small, older houses used to surround the centre of town, but they are now being replaced by modern, multi-story buildings. During the socialist period, new city blocks with wide streets and multi-story buildings were constructed around the city core. However, not many plattenbau, communist-style high-rise buildings were erected. The total number of apartment buildings, with ten or more floors, remained at about 50, the rest having mostly three to six floors. From 1962 to 1964, a new boulevard, today called ''Bulevar oslobođenja'', was cut through the older neighbourhoods, establishing major communication lines. Several more boulevards were subsequently built in a similar manner, creating an Orthogonality, orthogonal network which replaced the primarily radial structure of the old town. These interventions paved the way for a relatively unhampered growth of the city, which has almost tripled in population since the 1950s. Despite a huge increase in car ownership, traffic congestion is still relatively mild, apart from a few major arteries.


Neighbourhoods

Some of the oldest neighbourhoods in the city are Stari Grad, Novi Sad, Stari Grad (Old Town), Rotkvarija (Žitni Trg), Rotkvarija, Podbara, and Salajka. The areas of
Sremska Kamenica Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Сремска Каменица, ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia. Name In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian as ' ...
and
Petrovaradin Petrovaradin ( sr-Cyrl, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across the m ...
, located on the right bank of the Danube, were separate towns in the past, but today belong to the urban area of Novi Sad. Liman, Novi Sad, Liman, as well as Bistrica (Novo Naselje), Bistrica, are neighbourhoods built during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, with contemporary style buildings and wide boulevards (Liman, Novi Sad, Liman was divided into four sections, numbered I–IV). New neighbourhoods, like Liman, Novi Sad, Liman, Detelinara and Bistrica, Novi Sad, Bistrica, emerged from the fields and forests surrounding the city. Following World War II, tall residential buildings were constructed to house the huge influx of people leaving the country side. Many old houses in the city centre, from the Rotkvarija (Žitni Trg), Rotkvarija and Bulevar neighbourhoods, were torn down in the 1950s and 1960s, to be replaced by multi-story buildings. Since the city has experienced a major construction boom in the last 10 years, some neighbourhoods like Adamovićevo Naselje (Novi Sad), Adamovićevo Naselje have completely been transformed. Neighbourhoods with single-family homes are mostly located away from the city centre. Telep, situated in the southwest, and Klisa, Serbia, Klisa, in the north, are the oldest such districts. Adice and Veternik, both located west of the downtown area, have significantly expanded during the last 15 years, partly due to the influx of Serbian refugees fleeing the Yugoslav wars.


Suburbs

While Novi Sad's urban municipalities, which include
Petrovaradin Petrovaradin ( sr-Cyrl, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across the m ...
,
Sremska Kamenica Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Сремска Каменица, ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia. Name In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian as ' ...
and Novi Sad proper, have a combined population of about 277,000, its suburban areas have approximately 65,000 inhabitants. Some 23.7% of the administrative city's total population resides in the suburbs, which consist of 12 settlements and 1 town. The largest numbers live in Futog (pop. 20,000) and in Veternik (pop. 17,000) to the west. Both places have grown bigger over the years, especially during the 1990s, and have physically merged with the city. Suburbs like Futog are officially classified as an '''urban settlement''' (town), while other suburbs are mostly considered to be '''rural (village). Ledinci, Stari Ledinci and Bukovac, Novi Sad, Bukovac are all villages located on
Fruška Gora Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора) is a mountain in Syrmia, with most of the mountain being part of Serbia and its westernmost edge extending into eastern Croatia. The Serbian part of the mountain forms the country's oldest National p ...
's slopes, with the last two having only one paved road. Stari Ledinci is the most isolated and least populated village belonging to Novi Sad's suburban areas. Towns and villages in the adjacent municipalities of Sremski Karlovci, Temerin and Beočin share the same public transportation system and are economically tied to Novi Sad.


Demographics

Novi Sad is the second largest city in Serbia (after Belgrade), and the largest city in
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
. Since its founding, the population of the city has been constantly increasing. According to the 1991 census, 56.2% of the people who came to Novi Sad from 1961 to 1991 were from Vojvodina, while 15.3% came from Bosnia and Herzegovina and 11.7% from rest of Serbia. In the 1990s and 2000s, the city experienced significant population growth. According to the 2022 census, the city's population is 306,702, while in its urban area (including adjacent settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica) there are 368,967 inhabitants.


Ethnic groups

The ethnic composition in the city administrative area (last three censuses): All of the inhabited places in the municipalities have an ethnic Serb majority, while the village of Kisač has an ethnic Slovak majority.


Religion

According to the 2011 census, the population of the administrative area of Novi Sad (comprising both municipalities) included 270,831 Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christians, 21,530 Catholics, 8,499 Protestants, 4,760 Muslims, 84 Jews, and others. The city is the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Bačka, the seat of the Bishop of the Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia and of the Muftiship of Novi Sad of the Islamic Community in Serbia.


Culture

In the 19th and early 20th century, Novi Sad was the capital of Serbian culture, earning it the nickname ''Serbian Athens''. During that time, many Serbian novelists, poets, jurists, and publishers had lived or worked in Novi Sad at some point in their career, including Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, Mika Antić, Đura Jakšić and Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, among others. Matica srpska, the oldest cultural-scientific institution in Serbia, was moved from Budapest to Novi Sad in 1864, and now contains the second-largest library in the country, the Library of Matica srpska, with over 3.5 million volumes. The Serbian National Theatre, one of the oldest professional theatre among the South Slavs, was founded in Novi Sad in 1861. Today, Novi Sad is the second largest cultural centre in
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
, after Belgrade. Municipal officials have made the city more attractive with numerous cultural events and music concerts. Since 2000, Novi Sad is home to the Exit (festival), EXIT festival, one of the biggest music summer festivals in Europe. Other important cultural events include the Sterijino pozorje theatre festival, Zmaj Children Games, International Novi Sad Literature Festival, Novi Sad Jazz Festival, and many others. Novi Sad also hosts a fashion show twice a year, attracting local and international designers. Called Serbia Fashion Week, the event also features the works of applied artists, musicians, interior decorators, multimedia experts and architects. In addition to the Serbian National Theatre, other prominent playhouses consist of the Novi Sad Theatre, Novi Sad Youth Theatre, and the Cultural Centre of Novi Sad. The Novi Sad Synagogue also houses many cultural events. Other cultural institutions include the Detachment of the Serbian Academy of Science and Art, Library of Matica Srpska, Novi Sad City Library and Azbukum. The city is also home to the Archive of Vojvodina, which has collected numerous documents from the
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
region dating back to 1565. Novi Sad has several folk song societies, which are known as ''kulturno-umetničko društvo'' or KUD. The best known societies in the city are: KUD Svetozar Marković, AKUD Sonja Marinković, SKUD Željezničar, FA Vila and the oldest SZPD NEVEN Serbian Craftsmen Singing Society, Neven, established in 1892. National minorities express their own traditions, folklore and songs through various societies such as the Hungarian MKUD Petőfi Sándor, Slovak SKUD Pavel Jozef Šafárik, and Ruthenian RKC Novi Sad. Novi Sad was chosen to be the
European Capital of Culture A European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union (EU) for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong pan-European dimension. Being a European Capital of Culture can ...
for 2021, however its mandate was moved to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. From this mandate, the industrial zone in Liman neighborhood was repurposed as an artist quarter known as ''Distrikt''. Due the continued efforts of local artists, the city became a
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
Creative City Creative City (aka Fujairah Creative City – FCC) is a media free zone government-owned company in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Overview FCC was launched by Fujairah Media as an alternative to Dubai Media City, aims to attract regional ...
of
Media Arts New media art includes artworks designed and produced by means of electronic media technologies. It comprises virtual art, computer graphics, computer animation, digital art, interactive art, sound art, Internet art, video games, robotics, 3D ...
in 2023.


Cuisine

Typical Serbian food can be found in Novi Sad, including traditional dishes like ćevapi, burek, kajmak, Whole sour cabbage, kiseli kupus, kiflice and pasulj, as well as fish dishes, local cheeses and charcuterie. Restaurants and farmsteads offer fresh produce from local farmers and also Serbian wine, regional vintages from Fruska Gora's wineries. Modern alternatives are available at some of the city's top restaurants, which prepare traditional fare with an updated twist. Pastry shops serve local specialties such as layered cakes made from ground nuts and cream, referred to as 'torta' in Serbian. Desserts also often include raspberries, one of the region's largest exports, and historic Dunavska Street is home to many ice cream parlors. Index sandwich, named after university student index books, is a popular local street food since the 1980s. It is made out of a bread roll stuffed with melted cheese, ham, mushrooms and lashings of sauce.


Museums

The city has several museums and galleries, both public and privately owned. The best known institution in the city is the Museum of Vojvodina, founded in 1847, which houses a permanent collection of Serbian culture and life in
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
since ancient times. City Museum of Novi Sad, The Museum of Novi Sad, located in the
Petrovaradin Fortress Petrovaradin Fortress ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Петроварадинска тврђава, Petrovaradinska tvrđava, ; ), nicknamed "Gibraltar on/of the Danube", is a Bastion fort, bastion fortress in the town of Petrovaradin, itself part of the City of ...
, has a permanent collection featuring the history of the old fortress and the city. The Gallery of Matica Srpska is the largest and most respected exhibition space in the city, with two galleries in the city centre. Other museums include Museum of Contemporary Art of Vojvodina, The Gallery of Fine Arts – Gift Collection of Rajko Mamuzić and The Pavle Beljanski Memorial Collection, featuring one of the most extensive collections of Serbian art from the 1900s until the 1970s.


Tourism

Since 2000, the number of tourists visiting Novi Sad each year has steadily risen. During the annual Exit (festival), EXIT music festival in July, the city is full of young people from all over Europe. In 2017, over 200,000 visitors from 60 countries came to the festival, attending about 35 concerts. Other events include shows and congresses organized by Novi Sad Fair, a local management company, bringing in many businesspersons and entrepreneurs to the city. Every May, Novi Sad is home to the largest agricultural show in the region, having attracted 600,000 attendees in 2005. The tourist port, near Varadin Bridge in the city centre, welcomes cruise boats from across Europe that travel the Danube. The most recognized structure in Novi Sad is the
Petrovaradin Fortress Petrovaradin Fortress ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Петроварадинска тврђава, Petrovaradinska tvrđava, ; ), nicknamed "Gibraltar on/of the Danube", is a Bastion fort, bastion fortress in the town of Petrovaradin, itself part of the City of ...
, which dominates the skyline and also offers scenic views of the city. The nearby historic neighbourhood of Stari Grad, Novi Sad, Stari Grad has many monuments, museums, cafes, restaurants and shops. Also in the vicinity, is the
Fruška Gora Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора) is a mountain in Syrmia, with most of the mountain being part of Serbia and its westernmost edge extending into eastern Croatia. The Serbian part of the mountain forms the country's oldest National p ...
National Park, approximately from the city centre. According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics of Serbia, a total of 234,708 tourist arrivals were realized in the territory of the City in 2023, which represents an increase compared to the same period in 2022 by 7.2 percent. Also, last year a total of 567,926 overnight stays were realized, which represents a growth of 1.2 percent.


Economy

Novi Sad is the economic centre of
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
, the most fertile agricultural region in
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
. The city also represents one of the largest economic and cultural hubs in Serbia. Novi Sad had always been a developed city within the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia. In 1981, its GDP per capita was 172% of the Yugoslav average. During the 1990s, the city, like the rest of Serbia, was severely affected by an internationally imposed Embargo, trade embargo and hyperinflation of the Yugoslav dinar. The embargo, along with economic mismanagement, led to a decay or demise of once important industrial combines, such as ''Novkabel'' (electric cable industry), ''Pobeda'' (metal industry), ''Jugoalat'' (tools), ''Albus'' and ''HINS'' (chemical industry). Practically the only viable large facilities remaining today are the oil refinery, located northeast of the city, and the Thermal power station, thermal power plant. The economy of Novi Sad has mostly recovered from that period and grown strongly since 2001, shifting from an industry-driven economy to the Tertiary sector of the economy, tertiary sector. The processes involved in privatization, privatizing state and society-owned enterprises, as well as strong private incentives, have increased the share of privately owned companies to over 95% in the district, with small and medium-size enterprises dominating the city's economic development. The significance of Novi Sad as a financial centre is already proven, by being home to the national headquarters of numerous banks, such as Erste Bank Novi Sad, Erste Bank, Vojvođanska banka a.d., Vojvođanska banka, and Crédit Agricole Srbija, Crédit Agricole; as well as the third largest insurance company in Serbia, DDOR Novi Sad. Furthermore, the city is home to major energy companies like Naftna Industrija Srbije oil company and Srbijagas gas company. It is also the seat of many farms for wheat production and trade. Novi Sad is also a growing information technology centre within Serbia, second only to Belgrade. As many as 900 IT companies operate in Novi Sad out of a total of 2,500 registered in the territory of the Republic of Serbia with over 11,500 employees. As of September 2017, Novi Sad has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):


Politics

Novi Sad is the administrative centre of the Subdivisions of Serbia, Autonomous Province of
Vojvodina Vojvodina ( ; sr-Cyrl, Војводина, ), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an Autonomous administrative division, autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia, located in Central Europe. It lies withi ...
, and as such, home to Vojvodina's Government of Vojvodina, Government and Assembly of Vojvodina, Provincial Assembly. The city's administrative bodies include the city Deliberative assembly, assembly as the representative body, as well as the mayor and Local government, city government defining the executive bodies. The mayor and city assembly members are chosen through direct elections. The city assembly has 78 seats, while the city government consists of 11 members. The mayor and members of the city's assembly are elected to four-year terms. The city government is elected by the city assembly at the proposal of the mayor. As of 2025, the mayor of Novi Sad is Žarko Mićin of the Serbian Progressive Party. While his party holds the majority of seats in the city assembly, the Socialist Party of Serbia, the Democratic Party of Serbia, as well as other parties and groups, are also represented. The city of Novi Sad is divided into 47 List of local communities in Novi Sad, local communities within two city municipalities, Novi Sad and
Petrovaradin Petrovaradin ( sr-Cyrl, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across the m ...
, which are separated by the Danube. ;City holidays The city commemorates the year 1694, when it was established. ;Coat of arms The design consists of three white towers placed in the centre, set against a blue sky. A white dove holding an olive branch flies above the larger middle tower. All three structures have rooftops with crenellations, as well as opened windows and closed gates. Below the towers lies a green background, with a wavy white line depicting the river
Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...
.


Society


Education

Novi Sad is one of the most important centres of higher education and research in Serbia, with four universities overall and numerous professional, technical, and private colleges and research institutes, including a law school with its own publication. The largest educational institution in the city is the University of Novi Sad, a public school established in 1960. , it has 14 faculties, 9 of which are located on the main University campus in Novi Sad, university campus. It is attended by more than 50,000 students and has a total staff of nearly 5,000. Business Academy University and EducoNS University are private schools also located in the city. Other educational institutions include Novi Sad Open University, offering professional courses in adult education, and the Novi Sad Theological College, Protestant Theological Seminary. , there are 37 elementary schools (33 public and 4 private) with about 26,000 students. The High school (upper secondary), secondary school system consists of 25 vocational schools (12 public and 13 private) and 4 Gymnasium (school), gymnasiums with almost 18,000 students.


Media

Novi Sad has one major daily newspaper, ''Dnevnik (Novi Sad), Dnevnik'', and among the periodicals, the monthly magazine ''Vojvodjanski magazin'' stands out. The city is also home to the headquarters of regional public broadcaster, ''Radio Television of Vojvodina (RTV)'', and municipal public broadcaster, ''Novosadska televizija'', as well as a few commercial TV stations such as ''Kanal 9'', ''Panonija'' and ''RTV Most''. Major local commercial radio stations include ''Radio AS FM'' and ''Radio 021''. Novi Sad is also known as a publishing centre. The most important publishing houses are ''Matica srpska'', ''Stilos'' and ''Prometej''. Well-known journals, in literature and art, include ''Letopis Matice srpske'', the oldest Serbian Journal, ''Polja'', which is issued by the Cultural Center of Novi Sad, Cultural centre of Novi Sad, and ''Zlatna greda'', published by the Association of Writers of Vojvodina. The city hosts an annual literature conference, Book Talk.


Sports

Founded in 1790, the '''City Marksmen Association became the first sporting organization in Novi Sad. Founded on 28 March 1885, VK Danubius 1885 is the oldest rowing club in former Yugoslavia. A more widespread interest in competitive sports developed after the ''Municipal Association of Physical Culture'' was created in 1959 and when the SPC Vojvodina, Spens Sports center was built in 1981. Today, about 220 sports organizations are active in Novi Sad. Professional sports in Novi Sad mostly revolve around the SD Vojvodina, Vojvodina multi-sport association. Having won two championships in 1966 and 1989, the FK Vojvodina football club represents the 3rd all-time best team in Serbia, right behind its two Belgrade rivals, Red Star Belgrade, Red Star and FK Partizan, Partizan. With 13 championship titles, OK Vojvodina is the top volleyball team in the country. As for handball, RK Vojvodina has won the national championship on multiple occasions. Athletes from Novi Sad had the honour of participating in the first 1896 Summer Olympics, Olympic Games in Athens. The largest number of Novi Sad competitors, to participate in the Olympics, was at the Yugoslavia at the 1996 Summer Olympics, Atlanta Games. Eleven athletes won 6 medals there. Three also competed at the 1980 Yugoslavia at the 1980 Summer Olympics, Moscow Games, while two participated in the 1976 Yugoslavia at the 1976 Summer Olympics, Montreal Games and the 1956 Yugoslavia at the 1956 Summer Olympics, Melbourne Games. Many national and international competitions are held in the city. Novi Sad played host to the European and World Championships in table tennis in 1981 and the Chess Olympiad, 29th Chess Olympiad in 1990. It also welcomed the European and World Championships in Sambo (martial art), sambo, the Balkan and European Championships in judo, the 1987 final match of the Saporta Cup in European basketball, and the final tournament of the European volleyball cup. Furthermore, Novi Sad co-hosted the EuroBasket 2005, 2005 European Basketball Championship, as well as hosting the 2017 Volleyball World League matches. The year 2018 saw the city welcome the Senior European Fencing Championships and the European Senior Karate Championships. The city also holds traditional sporting events such as the Novi Sad marathon, international swimming competitions and many other events. The very first 'MTB Petrovaradin Fortress Cup' took place in 2018, allowing national and regional cyclists to compete. It is also the first mountain bike competition to be held in Serbia.


Recreation

The inhabitants of Novi Sad engage in a wide range of recreational and leisure activities. With regards to team sports, Association football, football and basketball have the highest numbers of participants. Cycling is also popular due to the city's flat terrain and the extensive off-road network, found in nearby mountainous
Fruška Gora Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора) is a mountain in Syrmia, with most of the mountain being part of Serbia and its westernmost edge extending into eastern Croatia. The Serbian part of the mountain forms the country's oldest National p ...
. Hundreds of commuters cycle the roads, Segregated cycle facilities, bike lanes and bike paths daily. Proximity to the
Fruška Gora Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора) is a mountain in Syrmia, with most of the mountain being part of Serbia and its westernmost edge extending into eastern Croatia. The Serbian part of the mountain forms the country's oldest National p ...
National Park attracts many city dwellers on the weekends. They enjoy the numerous hiking trails, restaurants and monasteries located in and around the mountain area. Occurring on the first weekend of every May, the ''Fruškogorski maraton, Fruška Gora Marathon'' lets hikers, runners and cyclists take advantage of the many hiking trails. During the summer months, citizens from Novi Sad visit Lake Ledinci in Fruška Gora, as well as the numerous beaches situated along the
Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...
, the largest being Štrand in the Liman, Novi Sad, Liman neighbourhood. There are also several recreational marinas bordering the river.


Transportation

;Air transport Novi Sad currently does not have its own civil airport. The city is roughly a one-hour drive from Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, which connects it with capitals across Europe. The small Novi Sad Airfield, Čenej Airfield to the north of the city is used for sporting and agricultural purposes. There are plans to upgrade it to serve for cargo and small-scale public transport, but the future of this initiative is uncertain. ;City transport The main public transportation system in Novi Sad consists of bus lines, operated by the public company JGSP Novi Sad. There are twenty-one urban lines and thirty-five suburban lines, with the main bus terminal being at the northern end of the Bulevar, Liberation Boulevard (Bulevar oslobođenja) next to the Novi Sad railway station, in addition to a smaller terminal in the town center. There are numerous taxi companies serving the city. The city used to have Novi Sad tram system, a tram system, but it was decommissioned in 1957. ;Rail and road transport Novi Sad lies on branch B of the Pan-European Corridor X. The A1 motorway (Serbia), A1 motorway connects the city with Subotica and Hungary to the north and the capital city of Belgrade to the south. It runs parallel to the Budapest–Belgrade railway, Budapest–Belgrade railroad, which connects it to major European cities. On 19 March 2022 the "Soko" (meaning "falcon") high-speed line between Novi Sad and Belgrade opened and runs with 18 departures daily. Its maximum speed is 200 km/h and the 75 kilometres between Belgrade and Novi Sad are covered in 35 minutes. Between Belgrade and Novi Sad there are a total of 60 departures per day. There are three types of trains in total. "Intercity" (SOKO), "Regio-ekspres" and "Regio". Novi Sad is connected with Zrenjanin and Timișoara on the northeast and Ruma on south with a regional highway; there are plans to upgrade it to a motorway or an expressway, with a tunnel under the
Fruška Gora Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора) is a mountain in Syrmia, with most of the mountain being part of Serbia and its westernmost edge extending into eastern Croatia. The Serbian part of the mountain forms the country's oldest National p ...
shortcutting the ''Iriški Venac'' mountain pass. Three bridges cross the Danube in Novi Sad (as of 2020): Liberty Bridge, Novi Sad, Liberty Bridge (Most Slobode) connects
Sremska Kamenica Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Сремска Каменица, ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia. Name In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian as ' ...
with the city proper. Varadin Bridge (Varadinski most) and Žeželj Bridge (Žeželjev most), connects Petrovaradin with city centre, and used for railway and heavy truck traffic. Many bridges also span the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal, running north of the city centre. Currently, two bridges over the Danube are being built, along with two new railway bridges over the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal. ;Water transport The Port of Novi Sad is located on the outskirts of the city on
Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...
river. Since May 2019 it has been owned by DP WORLD from the UAE. With over a million tonnes of load turnover, it is the largest cargo port in Serbia.


International relations


Twin towns – sister cities

Novi Sad has relationships with several Town twinning, twin towns and Sister city, twin cities. One of the main streets in its Stari Grad, Novi Sad, city centre is named after Modena in Italy; and likewise Modena has named a park in its town centre Parco di Piazza d'Armi Novi Sad. A city square near the Varadin Bridge is named after Dortmund in Germany; and likewise Dortmund has named a city square Platz von Novi Sad. The River Wensum, Novi Sad Friendship Bridge in Norwich, United Kingdom, by Buro Happold, was also named in honour of Novi Sad. As of October 2023, there plans to establish twin city cooperation with Klagenfurt and Busan. Novi Sad is Sister city, twinned with: * Alexandria, Egypt (2021) * Budva, Montenegro (1996) * Changchun, China (1981) * Cleveland, Ohio, United States (2023) * Corfu, Greece (2017) * Dortmund, Germany (1982) * Gomel, Belarus (2013) * Ilioupoli, Greece (1994) * Istočno Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2021) * Kumanovo, North Macedonia (2019) * Modena, Italy (1964) * Nizhny Novgorod, Russia (2006) * Norwich, England, United Kingdom (1989) * Oryol, Russia (2017) * Pécs, Hungary (2009) * Shiraz, Iran (2023) * Taverny, France (2020) * Timișoara, Romania (2005) * Tivat, Montenegro (2023) * Toluca, Mexico (2015)


Partner cities

Most frequent cooperation is done with Budva, Dortmund, Taverny, Timișoara, Tivat and Ulm in the fields of culture, tourism and sports. Besides twin cities, Novi Sad has many signed agreements on joint cooperation with other cities, some of which could potential lead to twin city agreements. (''see also: Politics of Novi Sad#Twin cities, Politics of Novi Sad''). Novi Sad has signed agreements on joint cooperation with cities: * Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2006) * Enghien-les-Bains, France (2020) * Frunzensky District, Saint Petersburg, Frunzensky District, Russia (2003) * Gothenburg Municipality, Gothenburg, Sweden (2002) * Jinan, China (2025) * Kranj, Slovenia (2004) * Krasnodar, Russia * Lviv, Ukraine (1999) * Nant, Aveyron, Nant, France (2002) * Osijek, Croatia (2002) * Saint-Leu-la-Forêt, France (2020) * Szeged, Hungary (2001) * Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2002) * Ulm, Germany (2000) Novi Sad is an associate member of Eurocities.


See also

*List of people from Novi Sad *List of honorary citizens of Novi Sad *List of cities, towns and villages in Serbia (A-M), List of places in Serbia *List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina *List of cities and towns on the river Danube


References


Bibliography

*Agneš Ozer, ''Petrovaradinska tvrđava – vodič kroz vreme i prostor'', Novi Sad, 2002 *Agneš Ozer, ''Petrovaradin fortress – a guide through time and space'', Novi Sad, 2002 *Boško Petrović – Živan Milisavac, ''Novi Sad – monografija'', Novi Sad, 1987 *Branko Ćurčin, ''Slana Bara – nekad i sad'', Novi Sad, 2002 *Branko Ćurčin, ''Novosadsko naselje Šangaj – nekad i sad'', Novi Sad, 2004 *Đorđe Randelj, ''Novi Sad – slobodan grad'', Novi Sad, 1997 *Jovan Mirosavljević, ''Brevijar ulica Novog Sada 1745–2001'', Novi Sad, 2002 *Jovan Mirosavljević, ''Novi Sad – atlas ulica'', Novi Sad, 1998 *Milorad Grujić, ''Vodič kroz Novi Sad i okolinu'', Novi Sad, 2004 *Mirjana Džepina, ''Društveni i zabavni život starih Novosađana'', Novi Sad, 1982 *Petar Jonović, ''Knjižare Novog Sada 1790–1990'', Novi Sad, 1990 *Petar Jonović – Dr Milan Vranić – Dr Dušan Popov, ''Znameniti knjižari i izdavači Novog Sada'', Novi Sad, 1993 *Radenko Gajić, ''Petrovaradinska tvrđava – Gibraltar na Dunavu'', Novi Sad, 1994 *Veljko Milković, ''Petrovaradin kroz legendu i stvarnost'', Novi Sad, 2001 *Veljko Milković, ''Petrovaradin i Srem – misterija prošlosti'', Novi Sad, 2003 *Veljko Milković, ''Petrovaradinska tvrđava – podzemlje i nadzemlje'', Novi Sad, 2005 *Veljko Milković, ''Petrovaradinska tvrđava – kosmički lavirint otkrića'', Novi Sad, 2007 *Zoran Knežev, ''Novi Sad : Priče iz prošlosti'', Novi Sad, 2017 *Zoran Knežev, ''Vojvodina : Hronike i legende'', Novi Sad, 2018 *Zoran Knežev, ''Novi Sad : Kafanoloija i prostitucija'', Novi Sad, 2018 *Zoran Knežev, ''Novi Sad: Prošlost u pričama'', Novi Sad, 2019 *Zoran Knežev, ''Turistički vodič kroz stari Novi Sad'', Novi Sad, 2019 *Zoran Knežev, ''Vojvodina: Kazivanja i sećanja'', Novi Sad, 2021 *Zoran Rapajić, ''Novi Sad bez tajni'', Beograd, 2002 *Zvonimir Golubović, ''Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj 1942. godine'', Novi Sad, 1991 *''30 godina mesne zajednice "7. Juli" u Novom Sadu 1974–2004 – monografija'', Novi Sad, 2004 *''Enciklopedija Novog Sada'', sveske 1–26, Novi Sad, 1993–2005 *''Sveske za istoriju Novog Sada'', sveske 4–5, Novi Sad, 1993–1994 *''Ustav za čitaonicu srpsku u Novom Sadu'', Novi Sad, 1993


External links


Novi Sad
– official website
City assembly
– official website (archived)

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Novi Sad 2022 – European Capital of Culture
– official website
Visit Distrikt Novi Sad
– official website {{Authority control Novi Sad, Populated places established in 1694 Populated places in Vojvodina Places in Bačka Municipalities and cities of Vojvodina Populated places on the Danube Port cities in Serbia South Bačka District 1694 establishments in Europe