Örüg Temür Khan ( ; ), possibly Guilichi (; Mongolian: ''γuyilinči'', Guilichi only called by the Ming Dynasty in this period), (?–1408) was a khagan of the

Northern Yuan dynasty The Northern Yuan was a dynastic state ruled by the Mongol Borjigin clan based in the Mongolian Plateau. It existed as a rump state after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368 and lasted until its conquest by the Jurchen people, Jurchen-led ...

, reigning from 1402 to 1408. Örüg Temür () in historical materials compiled by the

Timurid dynasty The Timurid dynasty, self-designated as Gurkani (), was the ruling dynasty of the Timurid Empire (1370–1507). It was a Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim dynasty or Barlās clan of Turco-Mongol originB.F. Manz, ''"Tīmūr Lang"'', in Encyclopaedia of I ...

has been a descendant of Ögedei. Örüg Temür might also have been descended from either

Ariq Böke Ariq Böke (after 1219–1266), the components of his name also spelled Arigh, Arik and Bukha, Buka (, ; ), was the seventh and youngest son of Tolui and a grandson of Genghis Khan. After the death of his brother the Great Khan Möngke, Ariq Bök ...

Genghis Khan Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan (title), khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongols, Mongol tribes, he launched Mongol invasions and ...

's younger brothers, either Hasar or Temüge. Elbeg Khan appointed Bahamu (''Batula, Mahamu, Muhamud'') ruler of the Four Oirats after he had mistakenly executed his father Khuuhai. The Khagan's decision disappointed the Oirat Torguud clan leader Ugetchi Khashikha (; , "Khashikha" means prince or duke in the

Tungusic languages The Tungusic languages (also known as Manchu–Tungus and Tungus) form a language family spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria by Tungusic peoples. Many Tungusic languages are endangered. There are approximately 75,000 native speakers of the ...

). Ugetchi Khashikha and Bahamu organized the plot to kill Elbeg and succeeded; the former seized the family and property of the late Khagan. There's a dispute over whether Örüg Temür was the same person as Ugechi Khashikha himself, because the Ming Dynasty recorded fierce battles between Guilichi of Eastern Mongols and Oirat's leaders. Thus, it is still unclear whether he was an Oirat or a Genghisid. The ''

History of Ming The ''History of Ming'' is the final official Chinese history included in the '' Twenty-Four Histories''. It consists of 332 volumes and covers the history of the Ming dynasty from 1368 to 1644. It was written by a number of officials commissio ...

'' recorded that Guilichi became the new khagan in 1402 and abolished the dynastic title of "Great Yuan" (大元) promulgated in 1271 by Kublai; however, the Han-style title had already been abolished in 1388.

Reign

Guilichi appointed Arughtai of the Asud ''chingsang'' of the Eastern Mongols. According to Ming annals, he might have nominated a “Tatar” (East Mongols) khan. The

Yongle Emperor The Yongle Emperor (2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Chengzu of Ming, personal name Zhu Di, was the third List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 142 ...

made overtures to Guilichi and his principal retainer Arughtai to establish a relationship within Ming China's tributary system, but Guilichi and Arughtai rejected it.Ed. Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank-The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8, p. 227. They also poisoned Engke Temur, Prince of

Hami Hami ( zh, c=哈密) or Kumul () is a prefecture-level city in eastern Xinjiang, China. It is well known for sweet Hami melons. In early 2016, the former Hami county-level city merged with Hami Prefecture to form the Hami prefecture-level city ...

, who had allied with the Ming. However, Guilichi was defeated by Öljei Temür Khan, the Kublaid descent

Borjigin A Borjigin is a member of the Mongol sub-clan that started with Bodonchar Munkhag of the Kiyat clan. Yesugei's descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin. The senior Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia u ...

monarch, in 1403. In 1408, his former ''chingsang'' and '' noyan'' Arughtai killed him after a conflict erupted between them.

References

*René Grousset - ''Empire of Steppes'' *Ж.Бор - ''Монгол хийгээд Евразийн дипломат шаштир'' БОТЬ 3 {{DEFAULTSORT:Orug Temur Khan 1408 deaths Northern Yuan khans 15th-century Mongol khans 15th-century Chinese monarchs Year of birth unknown

Reign

See also

References