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Flandres Bay () is a large bay lying between Cape Renard and Cape Willems, along the west coast of
Graham Land Graham Land is the portion of the Antarctic Peninsula that lies north of a line joining Cape Jeremy and Cape Agassiz. This description of Graham Land is consistent with the 1964 agreement between the British Antarctic Place-names Committee ...
, Antarctica.


Location

Flandres Bay is at the west end of the
Danco Coast The Danco Coast () is the portion of the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between Cape Sterneck and Cape Renard. This coast was explored in January and February 1898 by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Adrien de Gerlache, who named it ...
on the west side of the
Antarctic Peninsula The Antarctic Peninsula, known as O'Higgins Land in Chile and Tierra de San Martin in Argentina, and originally as Graham Land in the United Kingdom and the Palmer Peninsula in the United States, is the northernmost part of mainland Antarctica. ...
. It is southwest of
Kershaw Peaks The Kershaw Peaks () are a group of five main peaks, the highest at , standing west of the mouth of Miethe Glacier on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. They were shown on an Argentine government chart of 1952, and were named by the UK Ant ...
,
Bryde Island Bryde Island is a hypsographic island in the Queen Maud Gulf within the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut Nunavut is the largest and northernmost Provinces and territories of Canada#Territories, territory of Canada. It was separated officially fr ...
and
Paradise Harbour Paradise Harbour () is a wide embayment behind Lemaire Island and Bryde Island, indenting the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica, between Duthiers Point and Leniz Point. The name was first applied by whalers operating in the vicinity and wa ...
, northeast of the south end of
Forbidden Plateau The Forbidden Plateau is a small, hilly plateau in the east of the Vancouver Island Ranges in British Columbia, northwest of Comox Lake roughly between Mount Albert Edward to the southwest and Mount Washington to the northeast. Geography The ...
and the north end of
Bruce Plateau Bruce Plateau () is an ice-covered plateau, at least long and about high, extending northeast from the heads of Gould Glacier and Erskine Glacier to the vicinity of Flandres Bay, in Graham Land. It borders Avery Plateau on the south and Forbi ...
, east of
Booth Island Booth Island (or Wandel Island; ) is a Y-shaped island, long and rising to in the northeast part of the Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctica. Location Booth Island is off the east end of the Graham Coast on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsul ...
and the
Wauwermans Islands Wauwermans Islands is a group of small, low, snow-covered islands forming the northernmost group in the Wilhelm Archipelago. Discovered by a German expedition 1873–74, under Dallmann. Sighted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99, und ...
and south of
Wiencke Island Wiencke Island is an island long and from wide, about in area, the southernmost of the major islands of the Palmer Archipelago, lying between Anvers Island to its north across the Neumayer Channel and the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsu ...
, which separates Bismarck Strait to the west from
Gerlache Strait Gerlache Strait or de Gerlache Strait or Détroit de la Belgica is a Channel (geography), channel/strait separating the Palmer Archipelago from the Antarctic Peninsula. The Belgian Antarctic Expedition, under Lt. Adrien de Gerlache, explored the ...
to the east. The Talbot Glacier and Niepce Glacier feed the bay from the south.


Sailing directions

The US Defense Mapping Agency's ''Sailing Directions for Antarctica'' (1976) describes Flandres Bay as follows:


Exploration and name

Flandres Bay was explored in 1898 by the
Belgian Antarctic Expedition The Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899 was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic region. Led by Adrien de Gerlache de Gomery aboard the RV ''Belgica'', it was the first Belgian Antarctic expedition and is considered the fir ...
(BelgAE) under
Adrien de Gerlache Baron Adrien Victor Joseph de Gerlache de Gomery (; 2 August 1866 – 4 December 1934) was a Belgian officer in the Belgian Royal Navy who led the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–99. Early years Born in Hasselt in eastern Belgium as t ...
, who named it, probably after the historical area of
Flanders Flanders ( or ; ) is the Dutch language, Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, la ...
, now constituting part of France, Belgium and the Netherlands. .


Glaciers

Glaciers include, clockwise from the east,


Vogel Glacier

. A glacier flowing into Flandres Bay southeast of Cape Willems. The glacier appears on an Argentine government chart of 1952. Named by the
UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee The UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee (or UK-APC) is a United Kingdom government committee, part of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, responsible for recommending names of geographical locations within the British Antarctic Territory (BAT) an ...
(UK-APC) in 1960 for
Hermann Wilhelm Vogel Hermann Wilhelm Vogel (26 March 1834 – 17 December 1898) was a German photochemist and photographer who discovered dye sensitization, which is of great importance to photography. Academic career After finishing school in Frankfurt (Oder), ...
(1834-98), German chemist who introduced the first orthochromatic emulsion for photographic plates in 1903.


Bolton Glacier

. A glacier flowing into the head of Briand Fjord, Flandres Bay. Mapped in 1959 by the
Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey The Falkland Islands and Dependencies Aerial Survey Expedition (FIDASE) was an aerial survey of the Falkland Islands Dependencies The Falkland Islands Dependencies was the constitutional arrangement from 1843 until 1985 for administering the v ...
(FIDS) from photos taken by
Hunting Aerosurveys Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd was a British aerial photography Aerial photography (or airborne imagery) is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flight, airborne platforms. When taking motion pictures, it is also known as aerial v ...
Ltd. in 1956-57. Named by the UK-APC for William B. Bolton (1848-89), English photographer who, with B.J. Sayce, invented the collodion emulsion process of dry-plate photography in 1864.


Sayce Glacier

. A glacier flowing into Flandres Bay immediately north of Pelletan Point. Charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for B.J. Sayce (1839-95), English photographer who, with W.B. Bolton, invented the collodion emulsion process of dryplate photography, which displaced wet collodion in 1864.


Goodwin Glacier

. A glacier flowing west into Flandres Bay southward of Pelletan Point. Charted by the BelgAE under Adrien de Gerlache, 1897–99. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for
Hannibal Goodwin Hannibal Williston Goodwin (April 30, 1822 – December 31, 1900), patented a method for making transparent, flexible roll film out of nitrocellulose film base, which was used in Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope, an early machine for viewing m ...
(1822-1900), American pastor who invented the first transparent nitrocellulose flexible photographic roll-film in 1887.


Carbutt Glacier

. Glacier entering Goodwin Glacier to the east of Maddox Peak, close east of Flandres Bay. The glacier appears on an Argentine government chart of 1954. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for
John Carbutt John Carbutt (December 2, 1832– July 26, 1905) was a photographic pioneer, stereo card publisher, and photographic entrepreneur. He came to be the first to use celluloid for photographic film and to market dry-plate glass negatives. He was bo ...
(1832-1905), American (formerly English) photographer who introduced the first emulsioncoated celluloid photographic cut films, in 1888.


Archer Glacier

. A glacier flowing northwest into the head of Bolsón Cove, Flandres Bay. First charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for
Frederick Scott Archer ] Frederick Scott Archer (1813 – 1 May 1857) was an English photographer and sculptor who is best known for having invented the photographic collodion process which preceded the modern photographic film, gelatin emulsion. He was born in either ...
(1813-57), English architect who in 1849 invented the wet collodion process of photography, the first practical process on glass.


Talbot Glacier

. A glacier flowing into Etienne Fjord, Flandres Bay. First charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for
Henry Fox Talbot William Henry Fox Talbot (; 11 February 180017 September 1877) was an English scientist, inventor, and photography pioneer who invented the salted paper and calotype processes, precursors to photographic processes of the later 19th and 20th c ...
(1800-77), English inventor of the first practical photographic process on paper, perfected and called
calotype Calotype or talbotype is an early photographic process introduced in 1841 by William Henry Fox Talbot, using paper coated with silver iodide. Paper texture effects in calotype photography limit the ability of this early process to record low ...
in 1839-41.


Niépce Glacier

. A glacier which joins with Daguerre Glacier and flows into Lauzanne Cove. Shown on an Argentine government chart of 1954. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for
Nicéphore Niépce Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (; 7 March 1765 – 5 July 1833) was a French inventor and one of the earliest History of photography, pioneers of photography. Niépce developed heliography, a technique he used to create the world's oldest surviving ...
(1765-1833), French physicist, the first man to produce a permanent photographic record, 1816-29, who, with
Louis Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre ( ; ; 18 November 1787 â€“ 10 July 1851) was a France, French scientist, artist and photographer, recognized for his invention of the eponymous daguerreotype process of photography. He became known as one of th ...
, invented the daguerreotype process of photography perfected in 1839.


Daguerre Glacier

. A glacier which joins with Niépce Glacier and flows into Lauzanne Cove, Flandres Bay. Shown on an Argentine government chart of 1954. Named by the UK-APC in I960 for
Louis Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre ( ; ; 18 November 1787 â€“ 10 July 1851) was a France, French scientist, artist and photographer, recognized for his invention of the eponymous daguerreotype process of photography. He became known as one of th ...
(1787-1851), French painter and physicist who, with
Nicéphore Niépce Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (; 7 March 1765 – 5 July 1833) was a French inventor and one of the earliest History of photography, pioneers of photography. Niépce developed heliography, a technique he used to create the world's oldest surviving ...
, invented the
daguerreotype Daguerreotype was the first publicly available photography, photographic process, widely used during the 1840s and 1850s. "Daguerreotype" also refers to an image created through this process. Invented by Louis Daguerre and introduced worldwid ...
process of photography perfected in 1839.


Eastern coastal features

Coastal features, north to south, include


Cape Willems

. A cape forming the north side of the entrance to Flandres Bay. First charted by the BelgAE, 1897-99, and named by Gerlache for Pierre Willems.


Briand Fjord

. A bay nearly long in the northeast part of Flandres Bay. Charted by the French Antarctic Expedition (FrAE; 1903-05) and named by
Jean-Baptiste Charcot Jean-Baptiste Étienne Auguste Charcot, better known in France as Commandant Charcot, (15 July 1867 in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris – 16 September 1936 at sea (30 miles north-west of Reykjavik, Iceland), was a French scientist, medical doctor ...
for
Aristide Briand Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (; 28 March 18627 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliat ...
(1862-1932), French statesman and Minister of Public Instruction in 1906.


Bayet Peak

. A conspicuous peak, high, overlooking the south shore of Briand Fjord in Flandres Bay. The southeast entrance point of Briand Fjord was charted by the FrAE under Charcot, 1903-05, and named "Pointe Bayet" for
Charles Bayet Charles Marie Adolphe Louis Bayet (25 May 1849, Liège – 16 September 1918, Toulon) was a French historian, who was a specialist in Byzantine art. Biography From 1868 he studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, then enlisted fo ...
, Director of Instruction and member of the Commission of Scientific Work of the expedition. As air photos show no well-defined point in this position the name has been applied to this conspicuous peak.


Pelletan Point

. A long, narrow point projecting into the head of Flandres Bay south of Briand Fjord. Charted by the FrAE (1903-05) under Charcot, who applied the name "Baie Pelletan" to the indentations north and south of the point here described. In 1960 the UK-APC transferred the name Pelletan to the point; the two indentations do not together form an identifiable feature and they can be easily described by reference to this point. Charles-Camille Pelletan (1846-1915) was a French politician and Minister of the Navy, 1902-05.


Maddox Peak

. A peak standing at the south side of the mouth of Carbutt Glacier, east of Flandres Bay. The peak appears on an Argentine government chart of 1954. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for
Richard Leach Maddox Richard Leach Maddox (4 August 1816 – 11 May 1902) was an English photographer and physician who invented lightweight gelatin negative dry plates for photography in 1871. Early life Richard Leach Maddox was born at Bath, England, on 4 Aug ...
(1816-1902), English physician and pioneer of photography who invented the gelatin emulsion process of dry-plate photography in 1871, revolutionizing photographic technique.


Mount Eastman

. A mountain overlooking the head of Flandres Bay, south of Pelletan Point. Charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for
George Eastman George Eastman (July 12, 1854March 14, 1932) was an American entrepreneur who founded the Kodak, Eastman Kodak Company and helped to bring the photographic use of roll film into the mainstream. After a decade of experiments in photography, he ...
(1854-1932), American inventor, manufacturer and philanthropist who, with W.H. Walker, produced the first practicable photographic rollfilm camera (Kodak) in 1888.


Bolsón Cove

. A cove at the head of Flandres Bay, lying immediately east of Étienne Fjord. First charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99. The name appears on an Argentine government chart of 1954 and is probably descriptive; ''bolsón'' is Spanish for a large purse.


Western coastal features

Western coastal features include, from south to north:


Étienne Fjord

. A bay long, lying between Bolsón and Thomson Coves on the south side of Flandres Bay. Charted by the FrAE, 1903-05, and named by Charcot for
Eugène Étienne Eugène Etienne (; 15 December 1844 – 13 May 1921) was a French politician who was a deputy from 1881 to 1919, Undersecretary of Colonies in 1887 and again from 1889 to 1892, Minister of War in 1913, and a Senator from 1920 until his death. He ...
(1844-1921), French politician, Vice President of the Chamber of Deputies, 1902-04, and Minister of War, 1905-06.


Gerber Peak

. A peak south-southwest of Rahir Point, standing close south of Thomson Cove, Flandres Bay. Charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for Friedrich Andreas Gerber (1797-1872), Swiss veterinary surgeon who first suggested the use of photography for book illustration, in 1839.


Thomson Cove

. A cove wide, lying just north of Etienne Fjord in Flandres Bay. First charted and named "Baie Thomson" by the FrAE under Charcot, 1903-05, for Gaston-Arnold-Marie Thomson (1848-1932), French politician who was Minister of the Navy in 1905.


Rahir Point

. A point marking the northeast end of a small peninsula which extends into Flandres Bay just north of Thomson Cove. First charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99, and named "Cap Rahir," probably for Maurice Rahir, Belgian geographer and member of the Belgian Royal Geographical Society.


Gaudin Point

. The eastern entrance point of Lauzanne Cove, Flandres Bay. First charted by the FrAE, 1903-05, under Charcot. In association with the names of pioneers of photography in this area, the point was named by UK-APC (1977) after Marc Antoine Auguste Gaudin (1804-80), French photographer who took the first instantaneous photographs of moving objects in 1841.


Lauzanne Cove

. A cove wide, lying immediately south of Guyou Islands on the south side of Flandres Bay. First charted by the FrAE, 1903-05, under Charcot, who named it for Stéphane Lauzanne, chief editor of the French newspaper '' Le Matin'', 1900-15.


Reade Peak

. A peak, high, rising south of Sonia Point and Flandres Bay. Mapped by the FIDS from photos taken by
Hunting Aerosurveys Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd was a British aerial photography Aerial photography (or airborne imagery) is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other flight, airborne platforms. When taking motion pictures, it is also known as aerial v ...
Ltd. in 1956-57. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for Joseph Bancroft Reade (1801-70), English pioneer of photography, who obtained photographs on paper coated with silver nitrate, developed with gallic acid and fixed with hyposulphate of soda, in 1837.


Sonia Point

. A point lying west of Rahir Point on the south side of Flandres Bay. First charted by the FrAE under Charcot, 1903-05, and named for Madame Sonia Bunau-Varilla.


Hyatt Cove

. A cove at the west side of Sonia Point in Flandres Bay. Discovered and roughly mapped by the BelgAE, 1897-99. Mapped in greater detail in the 1950's by Argentine, British and Chilean expeditions. Named by the UK-APC in 1986 after Raymond H. Hyatt of the Cartographic Section, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1949-85 (Head, 1970-85), with responsibility for preparing UK-APC maps.


Haverly Peak

. A peak rising to high, east of the head of Azure Cove, Flandres Bay. In association with the names of cartographers grouped near this area, named by the UK-APC in 1986 after William R. Haverly, of the Cartographic Section, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, from 1970, (Head from 1986), with responsibility for preparing UK-APC maps.


Azure Cove

. Cove long, lying just east of Cangrejo Cove in the southwest part of Flandres Bay. Discovered by the BelgAE under Gerlache (1897-99) and named "Baie d'Azur" because when the ''Belgica'' anchored near here, everything appeared to be colored blue in the evening light.


Cangrejo Cove

. A cove long lying immediately west of Azure Cove in Flandres Bay. First roughly charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99. The name "Bahia Cangrejo" (crayfish cove or crayfish bay) was given by the Argentine Antarctic Expedition of 1951-52. The name is descriptive and derives from the small peninsula forming the west side of the cove which, when viewed from the air, resembles the pincers of a crayfish.


Azufre Point

. A point lying southeast of Cape Renard on the south side of Flandres Bay. First charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99. Charted by the Argentine Antarctic Expedition (1954) and named Punta Azufre (sulfur point).


Aguda Point

. A point forming the east side of the entrance to Hidden Bay. First charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99. The name appears on an Argentine government chart of 1957 and is probably descriptive; ''aguda'' is Spanish for sharp or sharp pointed.


Hidden Bay

. A bay long, lying between Cape Renard and Aguda Point. First charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache 1897-99. So named by the UK-APC in 1958 because from the north the bay is hidden by the Screen Islands.


Islands


Renard Island

An island approximately long and wide with Cape Renard at its northern end and separated from
False Cape Renard False Cape Renard () is a rocky cape southwest of Cape Renard, on the northwest coast of Kyiv Peninsula, Graham Land. It was charted by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache, 1897–99. This feature and Cape Renard together were cal ...
by a channel that appeared following the loss of ice prior to 2001. Named by UK-APC (2008) in association with Cape Renard.


Cape Renard

. A cape forming the south side of the entrance to Flandres Bay and separating Danco Coast and Graham Coast on the west coast of Antarctic Peninsula. Discovered in 1898 by the BelgAE under Gerlache and named by him for Professor Alphonse Renard, a member of the Belgica Commission and of the Belgian Royal Academy.


Puzzle Islands

. A group of small islands, rocks and reefs at the mouth of Flandres Bay, lying west of Ménier Island. First charted by the FrAE under Charcot, 1903-05. So named by the UK-APC in 1958; the group is often hidden by icebergs which come to rest in the surrounding shallow waters.


Sucia Island

. A small, almost entirely snow-covered island in Flandres Bay, lying immediately north of Ménier Island. The name ''Sucia'' (foul) appears on an Argentine government chart of 1952. The toponym reflects the characteristics of the waters surrounding the island with many low-lying dangers to navigation.


Ménier Island

. , An island, the largest in a small island group lying in the mouth of Flandres Bay, northeast of Cape Renard. The island group was discovered by the FrAE under Charcot, 1903-05, who gave them the name "Iles Ménier." The name Ménier is here applied to the largest of these islands.


Screen Islands

. A group of islands extending northwest from Aguda Point for across the entrance to Hidden Bay. First charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache, 1897-99. So named by the UK-APC in 1958 because they form a screen across the entrance to Hidden Bay.


Swan Rock

. A low rock lying southwest of Cape Willems. The rock appears on an Argentine government chart of 1950. Named by the UK-APC in 1960 for Sir
Joseph Swan Sir Joseph Wilson Swan Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (31 October 1828 â€“ 27 May 1914) was an English physicist, chemist, and inventor. He is known as an independent early developer of a successful incandescent light bulb, and is respon ...
(1828-1914), English manufacturer who invented the carbon process for photographic printing in 1866 and pioneered gelatin dry plates for instantaneous photography, 1879-81.


Guyou Islands

. A small group of islands lying northeast of Sonia Point in Flandres Bay. First charted by the BelgAE under Gerlache (1897-99), and named for Émile Guyou (1843–1915), French mathematician who prepared a report on the magnetic results of the expedition.


Moureaux Islands

. Two islands and off-lying rocks lying west-northwest of Pelletan Point in Flandres Bay. First charted and named by members of the BelgAE under Gerlache, who made a landing on one of the islands in February 1898.


Ponton Island

. A small island lying southeast of Moureaux Islands near the head of Flandres Bay. The name "Islote Solitario" appears for the feature on an Argentine government chart of 1954, but has been rejected to avoid confusion with Solitario Island at . . The island was renamed by the UK-APC in 1960, for
Mungo Ponton Mungo Ponton Royal Society of Edinburgh, FRS FRSE (20 November 1801 – 3 August 1880) was a Scottish inventor who in 1839 created a method of permanent photography based on potassium dichromate. Life and family Ponton was born in the Balgreen ...
(1802–80), a Scottish inventor who discovered in 1839 that potasium bichromate spread on paper is light sensitive, an important landmark in the development of photography.


References


Sources

* * * * {{refend Bays of Graham Land Danco Coast