''Étant donnés'' (''Given: 1. The Waterfall, 2. The Illuminating Gas'', French: ''Étant donnés: 1° la chute d'eau / 2° le gaz d'éclairage'') is a 1966 assemblage by

Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (, ; ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, Futurism and conceptual art. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Pica ...

. It was his last major artwork, surprising viewers and critics who had widely believed he had given up art; he was previously pursuing competitive chess which he had been playing for almost 25 years. The artwork is a tableau, visible only through a pair of peepholes—one for each eye—in a wooden door, of a nude woman lying on her back on a hill with her face hidden, legs spread, holding a gas lamp in the air in one hand against a landscape backdrop. Duchamp worked in secrecy on the artwork from 1946 to 1966 in his

Greenwich Village Greenwich Village, or simply the Village, is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan in New York City, bounded by 14th Street (Manhattan), 14th Street to the north, Broadway (Manhattan), Broadway to the east, Houston Street to the s ...

studio."Marcel Duchamp: The Manual"
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Retrieved 23 November 2014. It is composed of an old wooden door, nails, bricks, brass, aluminium sheet, steel binder clips, velvet, leaves, twigs, a female form made of parchment, hair, glass, plastic clothespins, oil paint, linoleum, an assortment of lights, a landscape composed of hand-painted and photographed elements and an electric motor housed in a cookie tin which rotates a perforated disc. The Brazilian sculptor Maria Martins, who had Duchamp as a lover from 1942 to 1949, served as the model for the female figure in the piece, and his second wife, Alexina (Teeny), served as the model for the figure's arm. Duchamp prepared a "Manual of Instructions" in a 4-ring binder explaining and illustrating how to assemble and disassemble the piece. Anne d'Harnoncourt, a young curator at the

Philadelphia Museum of Art The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMA) is an List of art museums#North America, art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount, a hill located at ...

and later its director, orchestrated the acquisition and transfer of the piece to Philadelphia. According to the artist's wishes that the work be installed and viewed after his death, Duchamp's widow Alexina Duchamp and his step-son Paul Matisse installed the work and made it available to the public at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in 1969, a year after Duchamp's death."Marcel Duchamp: Étant donnés"
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Retrieved 23 November 2014.

References and sources

References Sources *Tomkins, Calvin. ''Duchamp: A Biography'', Henry Holt and Company, Inc., 1996. *Hulten, Pontus (editor): ''Marcel Duchamp: Work and Life'', The MIT Press, 1993.
Peep Show, The Smart Set, October 7, 2009

* Banz, Stefan, ed., ''Marcel Duchamp and the Forestay Waterfall'', JRP, Ringier, Zurich.

External links

* Outside view o
''Etant donnés''
at the

. * Inside view o
''Etant donnés''
{{DEFAULTSORT:Etant Donnes 1966 sculptures Works by Marcel Duchamp Paintings in the Philadelphia Museum of Art Nude paintings of women

See also

References and sources

External links