Émile Arnaud (1864–1921) was a French lawyer,

notary A notary is a person authorised to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents. The form that the notarial profession takes varies with local legal systems. A notary, while a legal professional, is distin ...

, and writer noted for his anti-war rhetoric and for coining the term "

pacifism Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ...

". Arnaud was born in 1864 in La Chapelle-de-Surieu,

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

. Arnaud founded the "Ligue Internationale de la Paix et de la Liberté" (International League for Peace and Freedom) in 1861 and was elected its first president. In 1901 he codified his beliefs into a treatise entitled the '' Code de la Paix'', outlining and defining the goals, political positions and

methodology In its most common sense, methodology is the study of research methods. However, the term can also refer to the methods themselves or to the philosophical discussion of associated background assumptions. A method is a structured procedure for bri ...

of the

Peace movement A peace movement is a social movement which seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or wars) or minimizing inter-human violence in a particular place or situation. They are often linked to the goal of achieving world pe ...

in general. He described this new

political movement A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values. Political movements are usually in opposition to an element of the status quo, and are often associated with a certain ideology. Some t ...

as "

", setting it up as a counterbalance to the belligerence of emerging political ideologies such as socialism and

anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy and Political movement, movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or Social hierarchy, hierarchy, primarily targeting the state (polity), state and capitalism. A ...

. He advocated humanism, charity and tolerance, non-violent conflict resolution and reaching mutually beneficial political solutions through establishing consensus. Emile was a speaker at the second Universal Peace Conference which was preceded by a service at

St Paul's Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral, formally the Cathedral Church of St Paul the Apostle, is an Anglican cathedral in London, England, the seat of the Bishop of London. The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London in the Church of Engl ...

. When France entered

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

in 1914 Arnaud volunteered for

military service Military service is service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, air forces, and naval forces, whether as a chosen job (volunteer military, volunteer) or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription). Few nations, such ...

, even though over age, and ended the war with the ''Croix de guerre''. He died in 1921 in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

at the age of about 57.

Publications

*L'organization de la paix . Berne: Bureau international de la paix, 1899. *"Code de la Paix", in: L'Indépendance belge, 1901. *Le Pacifisme et ses détracteurs . Paris: Aux bureaux de la Grande Revue, 1906.

References

*Imbusch, Peter; ''Peace and Conflict Studies: An Introduction''. VS Verlag, 2006, p. 527, *Mauermann, Helmut; ''The International Peace Bureau from 1892 to 1950.'' Silver Castle Science 284, Stuttgart (1990)

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Arnaud, Emile 1864 births 1921 deaths 19th-century French lawyers French pacifists French political writers French political philosophers 19th-century French writers 20th-century French writers 20th-century French male writers 19th-century French male writers French male non-fiction writers

Publications

See also

References

External links