Édouard Marie Herriot (; 5 July 1872 – 26 March 1957) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic who served three times as

Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

(1924–1925; 1926; 1932) and twice as President of the

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourb ...

. He led the first Cartel des Gauches. Under the Fourth Republic, he served as President of the

National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repr ...

until 1954. A historian by occupation, Herriot was elected to the

Académie Française An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the go ...

's eighth seat in 1946. He served as

Mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...

Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...

for more than 45 years, from 1905 until his death, except for a brief period from 1940 to 1945, when he was exiled to Germany for opposing the Vichy regime.

Life

Herriot was born at

Troyes Troyes () is a Communes of France, commune and the capital of the Departments of France, department of Aube in the Grand Est region of north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about south-east of Paris. Troyes is situated within ...

, France on 5 July 1872. As

, Herriot improved relations between municipal government and local unions, increased public assistance funds, and began an urban renewal programme, amongst other measures. He died in

on 26 March 1957. He went through a

Deathbed conversion A deathbed conversion is the adoption of a particular religious faith shortly before dying. Making a Religious conversion, conversion on one's :wikt:deathbed, deathbed may reflect an immediate change of belief, a desire to formalize longer-ter ...

Catholicism The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

with Cardinal Pierre-Marie Gerlier, and was buried at the Loyasse Cemetery "with church ritual".

Herriot's First Ministry, 14 June 1924 – 17 April 1925

*Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs * Charles Nollet - Minister of War *

Camille Chautemps Camille Chautemps (; 1 February 1885 – 1 July 1963) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic, three times President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister). He was the father-in-law of U.S. politician and statesman Howar ...

- Minister of the Interior *

Étienne Clémentel Étienne Clémentel (; 11 January 1864 – 25 December 1936) was a French politician. He served as a member of the National Assembly of France from 1900 to 1919 and as French Senator from 1920 to 1936. He also served as Minister of Colonies fro ...

- Minister of Finance * Justin Godart - Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions * René Renoult - Minister of Justice * Jacques-Louis Dumesnil - Minister of Marine * François Albert - Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts * Édouard Amédée Bovier-Lapierre - Minister of Pensions * Henri Queuille - Minister of Agriculture *

Édouard Daladier Édouard Daladier (; 18 June 1884 – 10 October 1970) was a French Radical Party (France), Radical-Socialist (centre-left) politician, who was the Prime Minister of France in 1933, 1934 and again from 1938 to 1940. he signed the Munich Agreeme ...

- Minister of Colonies * Victor Peytral - Minister of Public Works * Eugène Raynaldy - Minister of Commerce and Industry * Victor Dalbiez - Minister of Liberated Regions Changes *3 April 1925 - Anatole de Monzie succeeds Clémentel as Minister of Finance.

Herriot's Second Ministry, 19–23 July 1926

*Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs * Paul Painlevé - Minister of War *

- Minister of the Interior * Anatole de Monzie - Minister of Finance * Louis Pasquet - Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions * Maurice Colrat - Minister of Justice * René Renoult - Minister of Marine *

- Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts * Georges Bonnet - Minister of Pensions * Henri Queuille - Minister of Agriculture * Adrien Dariac - Minister of Colonies * Orly André-Hesse - Minister of Public Works *

Louis Loucheur Louis Loucheur (12 August 1872 in Roubaix, Nord – 22 November 1931 in Paris) was a French politician in the Third Republic, at first a member of the conservative Republican Federation, then of the Democratic Republican Alliance and of the I ...

- Minister of Commerce and Industry

Herriot's Third Ministry, 3 June – 18 December 1932

*Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs * Joseph Paul-Boncour - Minister of War *

- Minister of the Interior * Louis Germain-Martin - Minister of Finance * Maurice Palmade - Minister of Budget * Albert Dalimier - Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions * René Renoult - Minister of Justice * Georges Leygues - Minister of Marine * Léon Meyer - Minister of Merchant Marine * Paul Painlevé - Minister of Air * Anatole de Monzie - Minister of National Education * Aimé Berthod - Minister of Pensions * Abel Gardey - Minister of Agriculture *

Albert Sarraut Albert-Pierre Sarraut (; 28 July 1872 – 26 November 1962) was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic. Biography Sarraut was born on 28 July 1872 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. On 14 March 1907 Sarraut ...

- Minister of Colonies *

- Minister of Public Works * Justin Godart - Minister of Public Health * Henri Queuille - Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones * Julien Durand - Minister of Commerce and Industry

Denial of the Holodomor

The height of denial of the

Holodomor The Holodomor, also known as the Ukrainian Famine, was a mass famine in Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–193 ...

was reached during a visit to Ukraine carried out between 26 August and 9 September 1933 by Herriot, who had recently left the French Prime Ministry. Herriot denied accounts of the famine and said that Soviet Ukraine was "like a garden in full bloom".Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, ''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression'',

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is an academic publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University. It is a member of the Association of University Presses. Its director since 2017 is George Andreou. The pres ...

, 1999, , pages 159–160 Furthermore, he announced to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of hunger, and that the allegations of starving millions were being spread by adversaries of the Soviet Union. "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders", he declared. The 13 September 1933 issue of ''

Pravda ''Pravda'' ( rus, Правда, p=ˈpravdə, a=Ru-правда.ogg, 'Truth') is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, and was the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most in ...

'' was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the USSR." 1923 E Herriot

Political career

Governmental functions Président of the Council of Ministers : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932. Minister of Transport, Public Works and Supply : 1916–1917. Minister of Education and Fine Arts : 1926–1928. Minister of Foreign Affairs : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932. Minister of State : 1934–1936. Electoral mandates ''National Assembly of France'' President of the National Assembly of France : 1947–1954. Member of the

National Assembly of France The National Assembly (, ) is the lower house of the Bicameralism, bicameral French Parliament under the French Fifth Republic, Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (France), Senate (). The National Assembly's legislators are known ...

for

Rhône The Rhône ( , ; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Ròse''; Franco-Provençal, Arpitan: ''Rôno'') is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before dischargi ...

: 1946–1957 (He died in 1957). Elected in 1946, reelected in 1951, 1956. ''Constitutional Assembly'' Member of the Constitutional Assembly for

: 1945–1946. Elected in 1945, reelected in June 1946. ''Chamber of Deputies of France'' President of the Chamber of Deputies of France : 1925–1926 / 1936–1940. Member of the

Chamber of Deputies of France The Chamber of Deputies (, ) was the lower house of parliament in France at various times in the 19th and 20th centuries: * 1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration in France, Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies ...

for

: 1919–1942 (Dissolution of Parliament by

Philippe Pétain Henri Philippe Bénoni Omer Joseph Pétain (; 24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), better known as Marshal Pétain (, ), was a French marshal who commanded the French Army in World War I and later became the head of the Collaboration with Nazi Ger ...

in 1942). Elected in 1919, reelected in 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936. ''Senate of France'' Senator of

: 1912–1919. Elected in 1911. ''General council'' General councillor of

: 1945–1951. ''

Municipal Council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, borough cou ...

: 1905–1940 (Deposition by

Vichy regime Vichy France (; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established as a result of the French capitulation after the defeat against ...

in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953. Municipal councillor of

: 1904–1940 (Deposition by the Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953. Political functions President of the Radical Party : 1919–1926 / 1931–1936 / 1948–1953 / 1955–1957.

Legacy

Herriot was declared an honorary citizen of the city of Veliki Bečkerek (today

Zrenjanin Zrenjanin ( sr-Cyrl, Зрењанин, ; ; ; ; ) is a List of cities in Serbia, city and the administrative center of the Central Banat District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The city urban area has a population of 67,129 inh ...

) in 1933. There is also a street with his name in Zrenjanin. His visit to a church in

Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

, where a fake religious service was organized for the occasion, is described in "The Mechanical Lions", one of the stories in '' A Tomb for Boris Davidovich'' by Danilo Kiš.

Notes

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Herriot, Edouard 1872 births 1957 deaths People from Troyes Radical Party (France) politicians Prime ministers of France Ministers of transport of France Government ministers of France French senators of the Third Republic Senators of Rhône (department) Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (France) Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 13th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 16th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945) Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946) Presidents of the National Assembly (France) Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic Members of Parliament for Rhône Mayors of Lyon Holodomor deniers Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni École Normale Supérieure alumni Members of the Académie Française Recipients of the Resistance Medal Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)