École nationale de médecine et pharmacie is a degree-granting university in

Dakar Dakar ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Senegal, largest city of Senegal. The Departments of Senegal, department of Dakar has a population of 1,278,469, and the population of the Dakar metropolitan area was at 4.0 mill ...

Senegal Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. It borders Mauritania to Mauritania–Senegal border, the north, Mali to Mali–Senegal border, the east, Guinea t ...

, specializing in medicine and pharmacy studies.

History

French West Africa School of Medicine

The French West Africa School of Medicine ''(École de médecine de l'Afrique Occidentale Française)'' was established on 1 November 1918, pursuant to a government decree of 14 January 1918, to train medical workers and midwives to assist colonial physicians and pharmacists. It was inaugurated and headed by Aristide Le Dantec, director of a hospital founded in 1913 to treat the indigenous population of

French West Africa French West Africa (, ) was a federation of eight French colonial empires#Second French colonial empire, French colonial territories in West Africa: Colonial Mauritania, Mauritania, French Senegal, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guin ...

.Maïmouna Gueye
"Centre hospitalier national Aristide Le Dantec: l'hôpital indigène toujours au service des populations démunies"
''Le Soleil (Dakar)'', 12 December 2007. Almost all teachers belonged to the ''Corps de santé colonial''. Students were selected through competition at

École normale supérieure William Ponty École William Ponty was a government teachers' college in French West Africa, in what is now Senegal. The school is now in Kolda, Senegal, where it is currently known as École de formation d’instituteurs William Ponty. It is associated with th ...

, where they studied a year of basic sciences before joining the medical school. There was a four-year program in medicine and three-year programs in

pharmacy Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medication, medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it ...

midwifery Midwifery is the health science and health profession that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period (including care of the newborn), in addition to the sexual and reproductive health of women throughout their lives. In many cou ...

and veterinary studies. The veterinary students completed their programs in

Bamako Bamako is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Mali, with a 2022 population of 4,227,569. It is located on the Niger River, near the rapids that divide the upper and middle Niger valleys in the southwestern part of the country. Bamak ...

Mali Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is the List of African countries by area, eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of over . The country is bordered to the north by Algeria, to the east b ...

. In 1906 Ernest Roume, the governor general of French West Africa, established the ''Aides médecins indigènes'', a corps of indigenous medical aides who had completed a French

Certificate of Primary Education The Certificate of Primary Education (CPE) was an academic qualification in Mauritius awarded upon the completion of primary school. The exam last took place at the end of 2016 before it was replaced by the Primary School Achievement Certificate ...

and 30 months of medical studies. In 1916

Jules Carde Jules Gaston Henri Carde (3 June 1874 – 10 July 1949) was a French colonial administrator who served as Governor General of French West Africa and then Governor General of Algeria. Life Jules Gaston Henri Carde was born in Batna, Algeria on 3 ...

had founded an African school of medicine and pharmacy, which became the French West Africa School of Medicine in 1918. From 1944 the school also trained students from

French Equatorial Africa French Equatorial Africa (, or AEF) was a federation of French colonial territories in Equatorial Africa which consisted of Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari, and Chad. It existed from 1910 to 1958 and its administration was based in Brazzav ...

in Congo ''(École Edouard Renard de Brazzaville)'', Cameroon ''(École de santé d'Ayos)'' and Togo. By the end of 1953, the school had graduated 582 doctors, 87 pharmacists and 447 midwives.

Félix Houphouët-Boigny Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993), affectionately called Papa Houphouët or Le Vieux ("The Old One"), was an Ivorian politician and physician who served as the first List of heads of state of Ivory Coast, pr ...

, former president of

Côte d'Ivoire Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital city of Yamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, while its largest city and ...

, was a graduate of the school.

School of Medicine and Pharmacy Dakar

Beginning in 1950 the school became an integral part of the French national education system and was from 1953 known as ''École préparatoire de médecine et pharmacie de Dakar''. Students would study for three years of medical education in

and complete their medical degrees in France, primarily in

Bordeaux Bordeaux ( ; ; Gascon language, Gascon ; ) is a city on the river Garonne in the Gironde Departments of France, department, southwestern France. A port city, it is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the Prefectures in F ...

National School of Medicine and Pharmacy

In 1958, it became ''l'École nationale de médecine et pharmacie'' and from 1960 began issuing its own university degrees equivalent to those issued by France.

Notes

Bibliography

* *"L'École de médecine indigène de l'Afrique occidentale française", ''Bulletin d'Informations et de Renseignements (AOF)'', No.199, 15 Aug. 1938, pp. 303–306 *"La première école de médecine d'Afrique noire est inaugurée à Dakar", ''Bulletin d'information de l'AOF'', No. 76, 16 Nov. 1950, pp. 8–9 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ecole Nationale De Medecine Et Pharmacie (Senegal) Universities in Senegal Medical and health organisations based in Senegal Education in French West Africa 1918 establishments in French West Africa Universities and colleges established in 1918

History

French West Africa School of Medicine

School of Medicine and Pharmacy Dakar

National School of Medicine and Pharmacy

See also

Notes

Bibliography