Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) is a free and

open Open or OPEN may refer to: Music * Open (band), Australian pop/rock band * The Open (band), English indie rock band * ''Open'' (Blues Image album), 1969 * ''Open'' (Gerd Dudek, Buschi Niebergall, and Edward Vesala album), 1979 * ''Open'' (Go ...

international standard An international standard is a technical standard developed by one or more international standards organizations. International standards are available for consideration and use worldwide. The most prominent such organization is the International O ...

file format for 2D

vector graphics Vector graphics are a form of computer graphics in which visual images are created directly from geometric shapes defined on a Cartesian plane, such as points, lines, curves and polygons. The associated mechanisms may include vector displ ...

raster graphics upright=1, The Smiley, smiley face in the top left corner is a raster image. When enlarged, individual pixels appear as squares. Enlarging further, each pixel can be analyzed, with their colors constructed through combination of the values for ...

, and

text Text may refer to: Written word * Text (literary theory) In literary theory, a text is any object that can be "read", whether this object is a work of literature, a street sign, an arrangement of buildings on a city block, or styles of clothi ...

, and is defined by

ISO The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ; ; ) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Me ...

IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; ) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. IEC standards cover a vast range of ...

8632.ISO/IEC 8632
/ref>

Overview

All

graphical Graphics () are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone, to inform, illustrate, or entertain. In contemporary usage, it includes a pictorial representation of the data, as in design and manufactu ...

elements can be specified in a textual

source file In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is a plain text computer program written in a programming language. A programmer writes the human readable source code to control the behavior of a computer. Since a computer, at base, onl ...

that can be compiled into a

binary file A binary file is a computer file that is not a text file. The term "binary file" is often used as a term meaning "non-text file". Many binary file formats contain parts that can be interpreted as text; for example, some computer document files ...

or one of two text representations. CGM provides a means of graphics data interchange for computer representation of 2D graphical information independent from any particular application, system, platform, or device. As a metafile, i.e., a file containing information that describes or specifies another file, the CGM format has numerous elements to provide functions and to represent entities, so that a wide range of graphical information and geometric primitives can be accommodated. Rather than establish an explicit

graphics file format An image file format is a file format for a digital image. There are many formats that can be used, such as JPEG, PNG, and GIF. Most formats up until 2022 were for storing 2D images, not 3D ones. The data stored in an image file format may be c ...

, CGM contains the instructions and data for reconstructing graphical components to render an image using an object-oriented approach. Although CGM is not widely supported for web pages and has been supplanted by other formats in the graphic arts, it is still prevalent in engineering, aviation, and other technical applications. The initial CGM implementation was effectively a streamed representation of a sequence of

Graphical Kernel System The Graphical Kernel System (GKS) is a 2D computer graphics system using vector graphics, introduced in 1977. It was suitable for making line and bar charts and similar tasks. A key concept was cross-system portability, based on an underlying coo ...

(GKS) primitive operations. It has been adopted to some extent in the areas of

technical illustration Technical illustration is illustration meant to visually communicate information of a technical nature. Technical illustrations can be components of technical drawings or diagrams. Technical illustrations in general aim "to generate expressive ...

and professional

design A design is the concept or proposal for an object, process, or system. The word ''design'' refers to something that is or has been intentionally created by a thinking agent, and is sometimes used to refer to the inherent nature of something ...

, but has largely been superseded by formats such as SVG and

DXF AutoCAD DXF (Drawing Interchange Format, or Drawing Exchange Format) is a computer-aided design (CAD) data file format developed by Autodesk to enable CAD data exchange and interoperability between AutoCAD on different computing platforms. His ...

. The

World Wide Web Consortium The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in ...

has developed WebCGM, a profile of CGM intended for the use of CGM on the Web.

History

*1986 – ANSI X3 122-1986 (

ANSI The American National Standards Institute (ANSI ) is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organiz ...

X3 committee) *1987 – ISO 8632-1987 (

) *1991 – ANSI/ISO 8632-1987 (ANSI and ISO) *1992 – ISO 8632:1992, a.k.a. CGM:1992 (ISO) *1999 – ISO/IEC 8632:1999, 2nd Edition (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC24) *December 17, 2001 – WebCGM (

W3C The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in ...

) *January 30, 2007 �
WebCGM 2.0
(W3C) *March 1, 2010 �
WebCGM 2.1
(W3C Recommendation)

References

External links

General

Overview of CGM Standards

Standards

WebCGM 1.0
W3C Recommendation, 17 December 2001
WebCGM 2.0
W3C Recommendation, 30 January 2007
WebCGM 2.1
W3C Recommendation, 1 March 2010
ISO/IEC 8632-1:1999
Part 1: Functional specification
ISO/IEC 8632-1:1999
Part 1: Technical Corrigendum 1
ISO/IEC 8632-1:1999
Part 1: Technical Corrigendum 2
ISO/IEC 8632-3:1999
Part 3: Binary encoding
ISO/IEC 8632-4:1999
Part 4: Clear text encoding

Other

{{Graphics file formats Graphics file formats Vector graphics markup languages Open formats Graphics standards American National Standards Institute standards World Wide Web Consortium standards ISO standards IEC standards