Biography
He was born in Ahvaz, southwestern Persia, to a Persians, Persian family and studied under Shaikh Abu Maher Musa ibn Sayyār. He was considered one of the three greatest physicians of the Eastern Caliphate of his time, and became physician to Emir 'Adud al-Daula, 'Adud al-Daula Fana Khusraw of the Buwayhid dynasty, who ruled from 949 CE to 983 CE. The Emir was a great patron of medicine, and founded a hospital at Shiraz, Iran, Shiraz in Persia, and in 981 the Al-Adudi Hospital in Baghdad, where al-Majusi worked. His ancestors were Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrian (whence the Nisba (onomastics), nisba "majus, al-Majusi"), but he himself was a Muslim. The name of his father was Abbas, and according to Iranica, is not the kind of name typically taken by a neophyte, a fact which suggests that conversion to Islam took place in the generation of his grandparents, if not earlier. He himself seems to have been lacking in Muslim zeal, since no mention is made of the prophet Moḥammad in his introductory remarks, while his argument for the excellence of medicine is based entirely on pragmatic reasoning without recourse to the Quran or the Sunna. Moreover, by calling himself "Ali b. Abbas Majusi", the author intentionally calls attention to his Zoroastrian background.''The Complete Art of Medicine''
Al-Majusi is best known for his ( "''Complete Book of the Medical Art''"), later called ''The Complete Art of Medicine'', which he completed ''circa'' 980. He dedicated the work to the Emir, and it became known as the ''The Complete Book of the Medical Art, Kitāb al-Malaki'' (, "''Royal Book''", or in Latin ''Liber Regalis'' or ''Regalis Dispositio''). The book is a more systematic and concise encyclopedia than Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi, Razi's ''Hawi'', and more practical than Avicenna's ''The Canon of Medicine'', by which it was superseded. The ''Maliki'' is divided into 20 discourses, of which the first ten deal with theory and the second ten with the practice of medicine. Some examples of topics covered are Dietitian, dietetics and materia medica, a rudimentary conception of the capillary, capillary system, interesting clinical observations, and proof of the motions of the Uterus, womb during Birth, parturition (for example, the child does not come out, but is pushed out). In Europe a partial Latin translation was adapted as the ''Liber pantegni, Liber Pantegni'' by Constantinus Africanus (c. 1087), which became a founding text of the Schola Medica Salernitana in Salerno. A complete and much better translation was made in 1127 by Stephen of Pisa, Stephen of Antioch, and this was printed in Venice in 1492 and 1523. Haly's book of medicine is cited in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales.Medical ethics and research methodology
The work emphasized the need for a healthy relationship between doctors and patients, and the importance of medical ethics. It also provided details on a scientific methodology that is similar to modern biomedical research.Neuroscience and psychology
Neuroscience and psychology were discussed in ''The Complete Art of Medicine''. He described the neuroanatomy, neurobiology and neurophysiology of the brain and first discussed various mental disorders, including fatigue (medical), sleeping sickness, memory loss, hypochondriasis, coma, hot and cold meningitis, Vertigo (medical), vertigo epilepsy, love sickness, and hemiplegia. He placed more emphasis on preserving health through diet (nutrition), diet and natural healing than he did on medication or drugs, which he considered a last resort.Psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine
Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi was a pioneer in psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine. He described how the physiological and psychological aspects of a patient can have an effect on one another in his ''Complete Book of the Medical Art''. He found a correlation between patients who were physically and mentally healthy and those who were physically and mentally unhealthy, and concluded that "joy and contentment can bring a better living status to many who would otherwise be sick and miserable due to unnecessary sadness, fear, worry and anxiety."Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", ''The International Medical Journal'' 4 (2), p. 76-79.See also
*List of Iranian scientists *Islamic medicineReferences
Sources
*Lutz Richter-Bernburg, "‘Ali b. ‘Abbas Majusi", in ''Encyclopædia Iranica'', ed. Ehsan Yarshater, 6+ vols. (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul and Costa Mesa: Mazda, 1983 to present), vol. 1, pp. 837–External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Majusi, Ali ibn Abbas Year of birth missing Year of death uncertain 10th-century deaths 10th-century Iranian physicians Medieval Iranian pharmacologists People from Ahvaz Scholars under the Buyid dynasty Iranian psychologists