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Women In Government
In many countries, women have been Political representation, underrepresented in the government and different institutions. , women were still underrepresented, but were increasingly being List of elected and appointed female heads of state, elected to be heads of state and government. As of October 2019, the global participation rate of women in national-level parliaments was 24.5%. In 2013, women accounted for 8% of all national leaders and 2% of all presidential posts. Furthermore, 75% of all female prime ministers and presidents took office in the two decades through to 2016. Women may face a number of challenges that affect their ability to participate in political life and become political leaders. Several countries explored measures that could increase women's participation in government at all levels, from the local to the national and international. Women in government office Women have been notably in fewer numbers in the executive branch of government. The gender gap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Representation
Political representation is the activity of making citizens "present" in public policy-making processes when political actors act in the best interest of citizens according to Hanna Pitkin's ''Concept of Representation'' (1967). This definition of political representation is consistent with a wide variety of views on what representing implies and what the duties of representatives are. For example, representing may imply acting on the expressed wishes of citizens, but it may alternatively imply acting according to what the representatives themselves judge is in the best interests of citizens. And representatives may be viewed as individuals who have been authorized to act on the behalf of others, or may alternatively be viewed as those who will be held to account by those they are representing. Political representation can happen along different units such as social groups and area, and there are different types of representation such as substantive representation and descriptive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandra Mason
Dame Sandra Prunella Mason (born 17 January 1949) is a Barbadian politician, lawyer, and diplomat who is serving as the first president of Barbados since 2021. She was previously the eighth and final governor-general of Barbados from 2018 to 2021, the second woman to hold the office. On 20 October 2021, Mason was elected by the Parliament of Barbados to become the country's first president, and took office on 30 November 2021, when Barbados ceased to be a constitutional monarchy and became a republic. Mason was a practicing attorney-at-law who has served as a High Court judge in Saint Lucia and a Court of Appeal judge in Barbados, and was the first woman admitted to the bar in Barbados. She served as chair of the CARICOM commission to evaluate regional integration, was the first magistrate appointed an ambassador from Barbados, and was the first woman to serve on the country's Supreme Court. She was the first appointee from Barbados to the Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marshall Islands
The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands, is an island country west of the International Date Line and north of the equator in the Micronesia region of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The territory consists of 29 coral atolls and five main islands as well as 1,220 other very small ones, divided across two Archipelago, island chains: Ratak in the east and Ralik in the west. 97.87% of its territory is water, the largest proportion of water to land of any sovereign state. The country shares Maritime boundary, maritime boundaries with Wake Island to the north, Kiribati to the southeast, Nauru to the south, and the Federated States of Micronesia to the west. The capital city, capital and largest city is Majuro, home to approximately half of the country's population. The Marshall Islands are one of only four atoll based nations in the entire world. Austronesian settlers reached the Marshall Islands as early as the 2nd millennium BC and introduced Southeas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilda Heine
Hilda Cathy Heine (born 6 April 1951) is a Marshallese educator and politician. She has served as the president of the Marshall Islands since 2024, having previously served from 2016 to 2020. Heine was the first woman to lead any sovereign country in Micronesia and the first person from the Marshall Islands to earn a doctorate. Prior to entering politics, she worked as a teacher and counselor at Marshall Islands High School and then as a women's rights activist with her organization Women United Together Marshall Islands. Heine's political career began when she was elected to the Nitijeļā in 2011 and appointed Minister of Education. The legislature selected her for the presidency two weeks into the session in January 2016 after a motion of no confidence removed her predecessor, Casten Nemra. Her defection to the opposition alongside her two sons, also legislators, was pivotal in Nemra's removal. After becoming president, Heine became active in the international politics surroun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christine Kangaloo
Christine Carla Kangaloo (born 1 December 1961) is a Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidadian politician and lawyer, who has been the 7th president of Trinidad and Tobago since 2023. Biography Christine Kangaloo was born into a Presbyterian Church of Trinidad and Tobago, Presbyterian Indo-Trinidadian family to Carlyle and Barbara Kangaloo and she is the fifth of their seven children. In 2018, she and her husband converted to Roman Catholicism. She graduated from the University of the West Indies and Hugh Wooding Law School and with a degree in law. Political Career On 12 January 2001, she first became a member of parliament as an opposition senator under the tenure of Opposition Leader of Trinidad and Tobago, Opposition Leader Patrick Manning. She then served as President of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago, Vice President of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago, Senate and subsequently Minister in the Office of the Prime Minister in 2002. She was then appointed Minister of Legal Affair ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borjana Krišto
Borjana Krišto (; born 13 August 1961) is a Bosnian Croat politician serving as Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina since January 2023. She previously served as the 8th president of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2007 to 2011. She is the first woman to hold both positions. Krišto holds a degree in law from the Faculty of Law at the University of Banja Luka. From 2003 to 2007, she served as Federal Minister of Justice. Following the 2006 general election, she became president of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: ''Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine'' / ''Федерација Босне и Херцеговине'') is one of the two Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, entities composing Bo ... in February 2007, serving until March 2011. In June 2011, Krišto was one of the candidates for nomination to the office of Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nataša Pirc Musar
Nataša Pirc Musar (born May 9, 1968) is a Slovenian attorney, author and politician who has served as the 5th President of Slovenia since 2022. She is a former information commissioner, Information Commissioner (2004–2014), a former journalist, and former president of the Slovenian Red Cross (2015–2016). Pirc Musar is best known for her rulings and books on freedom of information, legal opinions, and high-profile legal cases, in which she represented Slovenian-born Melania Trump, First Lady of the United States as wife of President of the United States, President Donald Trump, the Social Democrats (Slovenia), Social Democrats political party of Slovenia, and other notable clients. In the second round of the 2022 Slovenian presidential election, 2022 presidential election, she was elected the first female president of Slovenia, defeating Anže Logar of the Slovenian Democratic Party. Early life and education Pirc Musar studied law at the University of Ljubljana's Faculty of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvia
Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to the southeast, and shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of , with a population of 1.9million. The country has a Temperate climate, temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city is Riga. Latvians, who are the titular nation and comprise 65.5% of the country's population, belong to the ethnolinguistic group of the Balts and speak Latvian language, Latvian. Russians in Latvia, Russians are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population; 37.7% of the population speak Russian language, Russian as their native tongue. After centuries of State of the Teutonic Order, Teutonic, Swedish Livonia, Swedish, Inflanty Voi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evika Siliņa
Evika Siliņa (; born 3 August 1975) is a Latvian lawyer and politician who has been serving as the prime minister of Latvia since 15 September 2023. From 2022 to 2023, she served as in the Second Kariņš cabinet, second cabinet of prime minister Krišjānis Kariņš. She is a member of the Unity (Latvia), Unity political party, and the second female head of government of Latvia. Early life Siliņa was born in Riga on 3 August 1975. She studied at the University of Latvia from 1993 to 1997, where she obtained a bachelor's degree in law and at the Riga Graduate School of Law for a master's degree in social sciences, international law, and European law. From 2003 to 2012, Siliņa worked as a lawyer specializing in international and domestic business law. Her clients included firms in telecommunications and IT as well as government bodies. Political career In the 2011 Latvian parliamentary election, Siliņa ran as a candidate of the Reform Party (Latvia), Zatlers' Reform Part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dina Boluarte
Dina Ercilia Boluarte Zegarra (; born 31 May 1962) is a Peruvian politician, civil servant, and lawyer who has been serving as the 64th president of Peru since 2022. She had served as the Vice President of Peru, first vice president and minister at the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (Peru), Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion under President Pedro Castillo. She served as an officer at the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (RENIEC) from 2007 until 2022. Boluarte is the List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government, first woman to become President of Peru. She was a member of the Marxist political party Free Peru, and was sworn in following Castillo's 2022 Peruvian self-coup attempt, attempt to dissolve Congress and subsequent Third impeachment and removal of Pedro Castillo, impeachment and arrest. Boluarte has aligned herself with the right-wing majority of the Congress of the Republic of Peru, Peruvian Congress, and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Željka Cvijanović
Željka Cvijanović (; sr-cyr, Жељка Цвијановић, ; born 4 March 1967) is a Bosnian Serb politician serving as the 8th and current Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2022. She has also been serving as its chairwoman since November 2024. She previously served as the 9th president of Republika Srpska from 2018 to 2022. A member of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Cvijanović was the 11th prime minister of Republika Srpska from 2013 to 2018. In the 2018 general election, she was elected president of Republika Srpska, assuming office on 19 November 2018. In the 2022 general election, Cvijanović was elected as the Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, becoming the first female member of the Presidency since the end of the Bosnian War. She was sworn in as Presidency member on 16 November 2022. Early life and education Cvijanović was born Željka Grabovac in Teslić, present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giorgia Meloni
Giorgia Meloni (; born 15 January 1977) is an Italian politician who has served as Prime Minister of Italy since 2022. She is the first woman to hold the office. A member of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy), Chamber of Deputies since 2006, she has been president of the right-wing to far-right Brothers of Italy (FdI) since 2014, and was president of the European Conservatives and Reformists Party from 2020 to 2025. In 1992 Meloni joined the Youth Front (Italy), Youth Front, the youth wing of the Italian Social Movement (MSI), a neo-fascist political party founded in 1946 by followers of Italian fascism. She later became the national leader of Student Action (Italy), Student Action, the student movement of the National Alliance (Italy), National Alliance (AN), a Post-fascism in Italy, post-fascist party that became the MSI's legal successor in 1995 and moved towards national conservatism. She was a councillor of the province of Rome from 1998 to 2002, after which she became the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
