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Trust On First Use
Trust on first use (TOFU), or trust upon first use (TUFU), is an authentication scheme used by client software which needs to establish a trust relationship with an unknown or not-yet-trusted endpoint. In a TOFU model, the client will try to look up the endpoint's identifier, usually either the public identity key of the endpoint, or the fingerprint of said identity key, in its local trust database. If no identifier exists yet for the endpoint, the client software will either prompt the user to confirm they have verified the purported identifier is authentic, or if manual verification is not assumed to be possible in the protocol, the client will simply trust the identifier which was given and record the trust relationship into its trust database. If in a subsequent connection a different identifier is received from the opposing endpoint, the client software will consider it to be untrusted. TOFU implementations In the SSH protocol, most client software (though not all) will, u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Authentication
Authentication (from ''authentikos'', "real, genuine", from αὐθέντης ''authentes'', "author") is the act of proving an Logical assertion, assertion, such as the Digital identity, identity of a computer system user. In contrast with identification, the act of indicating a person or thing's identity, authentication is the process of verifying that identity. Authentication is relevant to multiple fields. In art, antiques, and anthropology, a common problem is verifying that a given artifact was produced by a certain person, or in a certain place (i.e. to assert that it is not counterfeit), or in a given period of history (e.g. by determining the age via carbon dating). In computer science, verifying a user's identity is often required to allow access to confidential data or systems. It might involve validating personal identity documents. In art, antiques and anthropology Authentication can be considered to be of three types: The ''first'' type of authentication is accep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Web Of Trust
In cryptography, a web of trust is a concept used in PGP, GnuPG, and other OpenPGP-compatible systems to establish the authenticity of the binding between a public key and its owner. Its decentralized trust model is an alternative to the centralized trust model of a public key infrastructure (PKI), which relies exclusively on a certificate authority (or a hierarchy of such). As with computer networks, there are many independent webs of trust, and any user (through their public key certificate) can be a part of, and a link between, multiple webs. The web of trust concept was first put forth by PGP creator Phil Zimmermann in 1992 in the manual for PGP version 2.0: Note the use of the word emergence in this context. The web of trust makes use of the concept of emergence. Operation of a web of trust All OpenPGP-compliant implementations include a certificate vetting scheme to assist with this; its operation has been termed a web of trust. OpenPGP certificates (which incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawn Song
Dawn Song is a Chinese American academic and is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department. She received a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship in 2010. Education Song earned her B.S. (1996) from Tsinghua University, her M.S. (1999) from Carnegie Mellon University, and her Ph.D. (2002) from the University of California, Berkeley. Career Song became an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University (2002–2007) before joining the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley in 2007. Song's work addresses the computer security. Previously she worked on web security and systems security, for example working on the DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge, where her team placed among the top seven finalists. Her most recent work is understanding adversarial machine learning, and blockchains. Song is the founder of Oasis Labs. At UC Berkeley, Song is the co-director of the campus-wide center: Berkeley Center for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrian Perrig
Adrian Perrig (born 1972) is a Swiss computer science researcher and professor at ETH Zurich, leading the Network Security research group. His research focuses on networking and systems security, and specifically on the design of a secure next-generation internet architecture. Biography Born 1972, Perrig is a Swiss computer science researcher specialising in the areas of security, networking, and applied cryptography. He received his BSc degree in Computer Engineering from EPFL in 1997, MS and PhD degrees from Carnegie Mellon University in 1998 and 2001, respectively. He spent three years during his PhD working with his advisor Doug Tygar at the University of California, Berkeley. From 2002 to 2012, he was a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Engineering and Public Policy, and Computer Science (courtesy) at Carnegie Mellon University, becoming Full Professor in 2009. From 2007 to 2012, he served as the technical director for Carnegie Mellon's Cybersecurity Laborato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ASCII Art
ASCII art is a graphic design technique that uses computers for presentation and consists of pictures pieced together from the 95 printable (from a total of 128) character (computing), characters defined by the ASCII Standard from 1963 and ASCII compliant character sets with proprietary extended characters (beyond the 128 characters of standard 7-bit ASCII). The term is also loosely used to refer to #Other text-based visual art, text-based visual art in general. ASCII art can be created with any text editor, and is often used with free-form languages. Most examples of ASCII art require a Monospaced font, fixed-width font (non-proportional typeface, fonts, as on a traditional typewriter) such as Courier (typeface), Courier or Consolas for presentation. Among the oldest known examples of ASCII art are the creations by computer-art pioneer Kenneth Knowlton from around 1966, who was working for Bell Labs at the time. "Studies in Perception I" by Knowlton and Leon Harmon from 1966 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SSL/TLS
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible. The TLS protocol aims primarily to provide security, including privacy (confidentiality), integrity, and authenticity through the use of cryptography, such as the use of certificates, between two or more communicating computer applications. It runs in the presentation layer and is itself composed of two layers: the TLS record and the TLS handshake protocols. The closely related Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is a communications protocol that provides security to datagram-based applications. In technical writing, references to "(D)TLS" are often seen when it applies to both versions. TLS is a proposed Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard, first define ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Key Infrastructure
A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a set of roles, policies, hardware, software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption. The purpose of a PKI is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network activities such as e-commerce, internet banking and confidential email. It is required for activities where simple passwords are an inadequate authentication method and more rigorous proof is required to confirm the identity of the parties involved in the communication and to validate the information being transferred. In cryptography, a PKI is an arrangement that ''binds'' public keys with respective identities of entities (like people and organizations). The binding is established through a process of registration and issuance of certificates at and by a certificate authority (CA). Depending on the assurance level of the binding, this may be carried out by an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dan Kaminsky
Daniel Kaminsky (February 7, 1979 – April 23, 2021) was an American computer security researcher. He was a co-founder and chief scientist of Human Security (formerly White Ops), a computer security company. He previously worked for Cisco, Avaya, and IOActive, where he was the director of penetration testing. ''The New York Times'' labeled Kaminsky an "Internet security savior" and "a digital Paul Revere". Kaminsky was known among computer security experts for his work on DNS cache poisoning, for showing that the Sony rootkit had infected at least 568,000 computers, and for his talks at the Black Hat Briefings. On June 16, 2010, he was named by ICANN as one of the Trusted Community Representatives for the DNSSEC root. Early life Daniel Kaminsky was born in San Francisco on February 7, 1979, to Marshall Kaminsky and Trudy Maurer. His mother told ''The New York Times'' that after his father bought him a RadioShack computer at age four, Kaminsky had taught himself to code by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DEF CON
DEF CON (also written as DEFCON, Defcon, or DC) is a Computer security conference, hacker convention held annually in Las Vegas Valley, Las Vegas, Nevada. The first DEF CON took place in June 1993 and today many attendees at DEF CON include computer security professionals, journalists, lawyers, federal government employees, security researchers, students, and Hacker (computer security), hackers with a general interest in source code, software, computer architecture, hardware modification, conference badges, and anything else that can be "hacked". The event consists of several tracks of speakers about computer and hacking-related subjects, as well as cyber-security challenges and competitions (known as hacking Wargame (hacking), wargames). Contests held during the event are extremely varied and can range from creating the longest Wi-Fi connection to finding the most effective way to cool a beer in the Nevada heat. Other contests, past and present, include lockpicking, Defcon Robot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moxie Marlinspike
Moxie Marlinspike is an American entrepreneur, cryptographer, and computer security researcher. Marlinspike is the creator of Signal (messaging app), Signal, co-founder of the Signal Technology Foundation, and served as the first CEO of Signal Messenger LLC. He is also a co-author of the Signal Protocol encryption used by Signal, WhatsApp, Messages (Google), Google Messages, Facebook Messenger, and Skype. Marlinspike is a former head of the security team at Twitter, Inc., Twitter and the author of a proposed SSL authentication system replacement called Convergence (SSL), Convergence. He previously maintained a cloud-based Wi-Fi Protected Access, WPA cracking service and a targeted anonymity service called GoogleSharing. Career Marlinspike began his career working for several technology companies, including enterprise infrastructure software maker BEA Systems, BEA Systems Inc. In 2010, Marlinspike was the chief technology officer and co-founder of Whisper Systems, an enterprise ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USENIX Annual Technical Conference
The USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC, or, canonically, USENIX) is a conference of computing researchers sponsored by the USENIX association. The conference includes computing tutorials, and a single track technical session for presenting refereed research papers, Special Interest Group meetings, and BoFs. Prior to 1995 there were two USENIX Technical Conferences held each year, with one held in the summer and the other during the winter There have been several notable announcements and talks at USENIX. In 1995, James Gosling announced "Oak", which was to become the Java Programming Language. John Ousterhout first presented TCL here, and Usenet Usenet (), a portmanteau of User's Network, is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose UUCP, Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) dial-up network architecture. Tom Truscott and Jim Elli ... was announced here. It is considered one of the most prestigious venues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
