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Traversodontid
Traversodontidae is an extinct family of herbivorous cynodonts. Traversodonts were primarily Gondwanan, with many species known from Africa and South America. Recently, traversodonts have also been found from Europe and North America. Traversodonts first appeared in the Middle Triassic and diversified in the Late Triassic before going extinct at the end of the epoch. The family Traversodontidae was erected by Friedrich von Huene in 1936 for cynodonts first found in São Pedro do Sul in Paleorrota, Brazil. Description Traversodonts are members of Gomphodontia, a group of herbivorous cynognathian cynodonts. As an adaptation toward eating plants, they have wide postcanine teeth behind large canines. These postcanines are closely spaced with their crowns touching each other. Each is usually wider than it is long and is covered in several cusps. Because of their complexity, postcanine teeth are the primary means of identifying and distinguishing different species of traversodonts. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andescynodon
''Andescynodon'' is a genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic of Argentina. Fossils are known from the Cerro de las Cabras and Cacheutá Formations. ''Andescynodon'' is one of the most basal traversodontids. Another traversodontid called ''Rusconiodon'' has also been identified from the Cerro de las Cabras Formation but is now considered a junior synonym of ''Andescynodon''. Description and history The type species ''Andescynodon mendozensis'' was named in 1967 and reported from the Rio Mendoza Formation. The location where remains have been found was later shown to be part of the Cerro de las Cabras Formation. Like all traversodontids, ''Andescynodon'' has wide postcanine teeth at the back of its jaws. These wide teeth are seen as evidence of a herbivorous diet and give traversodontids their name (their teeth are transversely wide). One distinguishing feature of ''Andescynodon'' is the forward position of a ridge on these postcanine teeth. The temporal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etjoia
''Etjoia'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts that lived during the Middle Triassic or Late Triassic period in southern Africa. This medium-sized omnivorous cynognathian provides important information on the dental evolution of early diverging gomphodonts and traversodontids. Discovery and etymology ''Etjoia'' was discovered in the upper beds of the Omingonde Formation of Namibia (dated to the Ladinian to Carnian) by American paleontologist Charles Schaff in 1996. The specimen was unearthed on the south-eastern side of the Etjo Mountain, in the Waterberg Basin of the Otjozondjupa region, in central north-west Namibia. The holotype is deposited in the Geological Survey of Namibia of Windhoek with the specimen number GSN F1591. The generic name refers to Mount Etjo from which the new genus was unearthed. The type species, ''E. dentitransitus'', refers to the possession of a transitional dentition with sub-circular upper postcanines and a large number of sectorial t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandagomphodon
''Mandagomphodon'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic Lifua Member of the Manda Beds of Ruhuhu Valley, Tanzania. The type species ''Mandagomphodon hirschsoni'' was named by Crompton in 1972 as a species referable to '' Scalenodon''. Later studies, including a 2003 phylogenetic analysis of traversodontid relationships, did not find the species of ''Scalenodon'' from the Manda Formation to form a single clade, meaning that many were not referable to the genus. The study suggested that ''S. hirschsoni'' had more in common with other traversodontids like '' Luangwa''. ''S. attridgei'' was viewed as a possible synonym of ''S. charigi'', which was also found to be only distantly related to ''S. angustifrons''. Therefore, a new generic name ''Mandagomphodon'' was erected for ''S. hirschsoni'' by James A. Hopson in 2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *Internati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scalenodon
''Scalenodon'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic of Africa and possibly Russia. The type species ''S. angustifrons'' was named in 1946 and several other species were named in the following years. Most of the species from Africa are now thought to belong to different genera than ''Scalenodon''. History and species The first fossils belonging to ''Scalenodon'' were found in the Manda Formation of Zambia and assigned to '' Trirachodon angustifrons'' in 1946. In 1955, the species was given its own genus, ''Scalenodon''. In 1963, a second species called ''S. drysdalli'' was named from the Ntawere Formation in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia. Later that year ''S. drysdalli'' was placed in its own genus, '' Luangwa''. Three additional species, ''S. attridgei'', ''S. charigi'', and ''S. hirschoni'', were named from the Manda Formation in 1972. In 1973, a Russian species of ''Scalenodon'' was named ''S. boreus''. ''S. boreus'' is known from the south ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exaeretodon
''Exaeretodon'' is an Extinction, extinct genus of fairly large, low-slung traversodontid cynodonts from the southern parts of Pangea. Four species are Knowledge, known, hailing from various geologic formation, formations. ''E. argentinus'' is from the Carnian-age (Late Triassic) Cancha de Bochas Member of the Ischigualasto Formation in the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in northwestern Argentina. ''E. major'' and ''E. riograndensis'' are from the Carnian-age portion of the Santa Maria Formation of the Paraná Basin in southeastern Brazil. ''E. statisticae'' is from the Carnian-age Lower Maleri Formation of India. Description This genus was an herbivore up to long, with a specialized grinding action when feeding. An analysis of the size of the bones of calves collected in Paleorrota concluded that the mother ''Exaeretodon'' had one or two calves, for one pregnancy. Taxonomy ''Exaeretodon'' is a Gomphodontosuchinae, gomphodontosuchine cynodont. When he first named the sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphodontosuchinae
Gomphodontosuchinae is a subfamily (biology), subfamily of Triassic traversodontid cynodonts. It includes the genera ''Gomphodontosuchus'' (the type genus), ''Exaeretodon'', ''Santagnathus'', ''Siriusgnathus'', ''Menadon'', ''Proexaeretodon,'' ''Protuberum'', ''Ruberodon'' and ''Scalenodontoides''. Below is a cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationships of gomphodontosuchines from Kammerer ''et al.'' (2008): References Traversodontidae Triassic first appearances Triassic extinctions Prehistoric animal subfamilies Therapsid subfamilies {{Paleo-cynodont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pascualgnathus
''Pascualgnathus'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic of Argentina. Fossils have been found from the Río Seco de la Quebrada Formation of the Puesto Viejo Group. The type species ''P. polanskii'' was named in 1966. Description ''Pascualgnathus'' is a small traversodontid. It has large upper canine teeth and small postcanine teeth. The postcanine teeth of ''Pascualgnathus'' and other traversodontids are wide, allowing them to eat plant material. The upper postcanines of ''Pascualgnathus'' are rectangular. Each has a central ridge and a cusp on the side facing the mouth. There are also two cusps on the side of the tooth facing the lips, with one being larger than the other. The lower postcanines have less of a rectangular shape and have only two cusps. Unlike the upper postcanines, they are longer than they are wide. Classification When ''Pascualgnathus'' was first named in 1966, it was considered a member of the family Diademodontidae mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctotraversodontinae
Arctotraversodontinae is a subfamily of Late Triassic cynodonts belonging to the family Traversodontidae. Members of the subfamily include '' Arctotraversodon'', '' Boreogomphodon'' and '' Plinthogomphodon'' from North America, and '' Habayia'', '' Maubeugia'', '' Microscalenodon'' and '' Rosieria'' from Europe. Classification The subfamily was erected in 2020 by Hendrickx ''et al.'', who defined it as all traversodontids more closely related to '' Arctotraversodon plemmyridon'' than to '' Massetognathus pascuali'' or '' Gomphodontosuchus brasiliensis''. In their cladistic analysis, they found Arctotraversodontinae to be the sister taxon of the subfamily Gomphodontosuchinae Gomphodontosuchinae is a subfamily (biology), subfamily of Triassic traversodontid cynodonts. It includes the genera ''Gomphodontosuchus'' (the type genus), ''Exaeretodon'', ''Santagnathus'', ''Siriusgnathus'', ''Menadon'', ''Proexaeretodon,'' '' .... Below is a cladogram from that analysis: References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Massetognathinae
Massetognathinae is an extinct subfamily of cynodonts in the family Traversodontidae. It includes four species from the Middle and Late Triassic: '' Massetognathus pascuali'' from Argentina, '' Massetognathus ochagaviae'' and '' Santacruzodon hopsoni'' from southern Brazil, and '' Dadadon isaloi'' from Madagascar. Massetognathines have several distinguishing characteristics, including flattened skulls, small canine teeth, and postcanine teeth with three cusps on their outer edges. Massetgognathinae was defined by Kammerer ''et al.'' (2012) as the clade containing all traversodontids more closely related to '' Massetognathus pascuali'' than to '' Gomphodontosuchus brasiliensis'', and is the sister taxon of the traversodontid subfamily Gomphodontosuchinae, which was defined by Kammerer ''et al.'' (2008) as all traverodontids more closely related to ''G. brasiliensis'' than to ''M. pascuali''. Below is a cladogram from Kammerer ''et al.'' (2012) showing the phylogenetic In biology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luangwa (cynodont)
''Luangwa'' is an extinct genus of traversodontidae, traversodontid cynodonts. The species ''Luangwa drysdalli'' was discovered 1963 in the valley of the Luangwa River, Luangwa river in Zambia, Africa. ''Luangwa'' lived in the Triassic period 240 Million years ago. In July 2008, a skull of ''Luangwa sudamericana'' was found in the Brazilian town of Dona Francisca (Rio Grande do Sul), which is part of the Geopark Paleorrota. The discovery was made by a team of the Universidade Luterana do Brasil, ULBRA. Phylogeny ''Luangwa'' in a cladogram after Stefanello ''et al''. (2023): References External links Grupo acha crânio de cinodonte. Gazeta do Sul.' Traversodontidae Middle Triassic synapsids of South America Middle Triassic synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1963 {{paleo-cynodont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siriusgnathus
''Siriusgnathus'' is a traversodontid cynodont from the Carnian channel sandstones and mudstones of the Candelária Formation, belonging to the Santa Maria Supersequence of the Paraná Basin in southeastern Brazil.''Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum'' at .org It includes one species, ''Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum'' and was described in 2018.Pavanetto et al., 2018 The species refers to the Niemeyer locality in Agudo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colbertosaurus
''Colbertosaurus'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic of Argentina. A single species ''C. muralis'' was named in 1954 from a fragmentary jaw. ''Colbertosaurus'' was originally placed in Ictidosauria, an outdated name for a group of cynodonts that includes tritheledontids. It is the only cynodont known from the Potrerillos Formation and is similar in appearance to ''Pascualgnathus ''Pascualgnathus'' is an extinct genus of traversodontid cynodonts from the Middle Triassic of Argentina. Fossils have been found from the Río Seco de la Quebrada Formation of the Puesto Viejo Group. The type species ''P. polanskii'' was name ...'' from the Puesto Viejo Formation. The similarity between the two traversodontids has been used to correlate the two formations. References Traversodontidae Middle Triassic synapsids of South America Fossil taxa described in 1954 {{paleo-cynodont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
