Toll (telecommunications)

	Toll (telecommunications) Toll, in the telecom industry, refers to a charge collected by either an Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier, or a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier on a telephone call. Toll is one class of charges in telecom. Typically, it is charged for crossing a boundary, whether the boundary is a Local access and transport area (LATA), a Number Portability Administration Center The Number Portability Administration Center (NPAC) is a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States. It administers the routing of telephone calls and text messaging, text messages (SMS) for the telecommunications i ... (NPAC) region, or an international border. References See also * Toll switching trunk Telecommunications economics {{telephony-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier An incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) is a local telephone company which held the regional monopoly on landline service before the market was opened to competitive local exchange carriers, or the corporate successor of such a firm, in the United States and Canada. Definition An incumbent local exchange carrier is a local exchange carrier (LEC) in a specific area that * on the date of enactment of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, provided telephone exchange service * on the date of enactment, was deemed to be a member of the National Exchange Carrier Association pursuant to the Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R) Title 47, section 69.601(b). * or is a person or entity that, on or after such date of enactment, became a successor or assignee of a member described in the previous bullet. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) may, by rule, provide for the treatment of an LEC (or class or category thereof) as an ILEC if: * such carrier occupies a position in the marke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Competitive Local Exchange Carrier A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC) is a North American telecommunications provider classification that emerged based on the competition model of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 in the United States. The act required the previously established incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) in each local market to provide infrastructure hosting and services to CLECs to enable competition with the ILEC. Background Local exchange carriers (LECs) are characterized as incumbent (ILECs) or competitive (CLECs). The ILECs are usually the original, monopoly LEC in a given area, and receive different regulatory treatment from the newer CLECs. A data local exchange carrier (DLEC) is a CLEC specializing in DSL services by leasing lines from the ILEC and reselling them to Internet service providers (ISPs). History CLECs evolved from the competitive access providers (CAPs) that began to offer private line and special access services in competition with the ILECs beginning in 1985. The CA ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Number Portability Administration Center The Number Portability Administration Center (NPAC) is a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States. It administers the routing of telephone calls and text messaging, text messages (SMS) for the telecommunications industry and its customers in the regions of the North American Numbering Plan. As such, it facilitates local number portability in the United States and Canada. History The Telecommunications Act of 1996 ((b)(2)) established that all local exchange carriers must implement local number portability (LNP) in accordance with the regulations of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Subsequently, the FCC selected Lockheed Martin as the LNP administrator. The Number Portability Administration Center was originally implemented by the Communications Industry Services (CIS) division of Lockheed Martin in 1997. In 1998, Lockheed Martin formed a separate company, Neustar, for the management of the NPAC. At the time the work constituted the fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Toll Switching Trunk In telecommunications, a toll switching trunk or toll connecting trunk is a trunk connecting an end office to a toll center as the first stage of concentration for intertoll or long-distance traffic. Operator assistance or participation may be an optional function. In U.S. common carrier telephony service, a toll center designated ''Class 4C'' is an office where assistance in completing incoming calls is provided in addition to other traffic; a toll center designated ''Class 4P'' is an office where operators handle only outbound calls, or where switching is performed without operator assistance Operator assistance refers to service provided by a telephone operator to the calling party of a telephone call. This can include telephone calls made from pay phones, calls placed ''station-to-station'', ''person-to-person'', or ''collect'', .... References * See also * Class-4 telephone switch Communication circuits Telecommunications economics {{telecomm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]