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Toll-free
A toll-free telephone number or freephone number is a telephone number that is billed for all arriving calls. For the calling party, a call to a toll-free number is free of charge, unless air-charges apply for mobile telephone service. A toll-free number is identified by a dialing prefix similar to an area code. The specific service access varies by country. History The features of toll-free services have evolved as telephone networks have evolved from electro-mechanical call switching to computerized stored program controlled networks. Originally, before the automatic system was developed, a call billed to the called party had to be placed through a telephone company operator as a collect call, often long-distance. The operator had to secure acceptance of the charges at the destination number, or even transfer that decision to a long-distance operator, before manually completing the call. Some large businesses and government offices received large numbers of collect calls, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoneword
Phonewords are mnemonic phrases represented as alphanumeric equivalents of a telephone number. In many countries, the digits on the telephone keypad also have letters assigned. By replacing the digits of a telephone number with the corresponding letters, it is sometimes possible to form a whole or partial word, an acronym, abbreviation, or some other alphanumeric combination. Phonewords are the most common vanity numbers, although a few all-numeric vanity phone numbers are used. Toll-free telephone numbers are often branded using phonewords; some firms use easily memorable vanity telephone numbers like 1-800 Contacts, 1-800-Flowers, 1-866-RING-RING, or 1-800-GOT-JUNK? as brands for flagship products or names for entire companies. Local numbers are also occasionally used, such as +1-514-AUTOBUS or Société de transport de Montréal, STM-INFO to reach the Société de transport de Montréal, but are constrained by the fact that the first few digits are tied to a geographic loca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automatic Number Identification
Automatic number identification (ANI) is a feature of a telecommunications network for automatically determining the origination telephone number on toll calls for billing purposes. Automatic number identification was originally created by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) for long distance service in the Bell System, eliminating the need for telephone operators to manually record calls. Modern ANI has two components: information digits, which identify the class of service, and the calling party billing telephone number. The term is also used to describe the functions of two-way radio selective calling that identify the transmitting user. ANI is distinct from newer caller ID services, such as call display, which are solely for informing a subscriber. Toll-free telephone numbers Modern toll-free telephone numbers, which generate itemized billing of all calls received instead of relying on the special fixed-rate trunks of the Bell System's original Inward W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collect Call
A collect call in Canada and the United States, known as a reverse charge call in other parts of the English-speaking world, is a telephone call in which the calling party wants to place a call at the called party's expense. Collect calls were originally only possible as an operator assistance, operator-assisted call, but with the introduction of computer-based telephone dialing equipment, it became possible to place a collect call without using an Switchboard operator, operator. Automated reverse charge dialing eliminated a service that could be provided, at a higher fee, only on operator-assisted connections: the long-distance operator, person-to-person call, in which there is no charge unless a designated person is available. In the US, while Mother's Day is the holiday with the highest number of phone calls, the day with the most collect calls is Father's Day. Services Australia Australian telecom companies provide reverse charge services with the number 12550. However, in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RespOrg
A RespOrg, or responsible organization, is a company that maintains the registration for individual toll-free telephone numbers in the North American Numbering Plan by means of the distributed Service Management System/800 database. RespOrgs were established in 1993 as part of a Federal Communications Commission order instituting toll-free number portability. A RespOrg (pronounced as though it were a single word, something like ''"ressporg"'') can be a long-distance company, reseller, end user or an independent that offers an outsourced service. Operation The initial implementation of toll-free calling was primitive. In the 1950s, a collect call or a call to a Zenith number had to be completed manually by a telephone operator. By 1967, a direct-dial 1-800-number could be provided using Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS), but each prefix was tied to a specific geographic destination and each number was installed with special fixed-rate trunks which were priced beyond the reach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Area Code
A telephone numbering plan is a type of numbering scheme used in telecommunication to assign telephone numbers to subscriber telephones or other telephony endpoints. Telephone numbers are the addresses of participants in a telephone network, reachable by a system of destination code routing. Telephone numbering plans are defined world-wide, as well as within each of the administrative regions of the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and in private telephone networks. In public numbering systems, geographic location typically plays a role in the sequence of numbers assigned to each telephone subscriber. Many numbering plan administrators subdivide their territory of service into geographic regions designated by a prefix, often called an area code or city code, which is a set of digits forming the most-significant part of the dialing sequence to reach a telephone subscriber. Within such regions designated by area codes, locally unique telephone number are assigned based on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shared-cost Service
{{Use dmy dates, date=December 2023 Shared-cost service is a type of telephone call billing where the charge for calling a particular telephone number is split between the caller and the called party. Typically, the caller is charged the equivalent of a local call rate while the called party is charged the added costs of long-distance calling. Often, telephone numbering plans include a dedicated number range assigned to shared-cost services – so called ''shared-cost telephone numbers''. See also * Universal International Shared Cost Number, an international shared-cost numbering scheme * Toll-free telephone number A toll-free telephone number or freephone number is a telephone number that is billed for all arriving calls. For the calling party, a call to a toll-free number is free of charge, unless air-charges apply for mobile telephone service. A toll-free ..., a type of billing where the entire call cost is charged to the called party External linksITU ISCS page Telep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vanity Number
A vanity number is a local or free-to-call telephone number for which a subscriber requests an easily remembered sequence of numbers for marketing purposes. While many of these are phonewords (such as 1-800-Flowers, 313-DETROIT, 1-800-Taxicab or 1-800-Battery), occasionally all-numeric vanity phone numbers are used. Numbers ending with repeated digits (such as -1111) are heavily advertised by taxi and food delivery companies; the Pizza Pizza chain has trademarked 967-1111, a Toronto local number. A memorable repeated sequence is also valuable to hotel chain A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Facilities provided inside a hotel room may range from a modest-quality mattress in a small room to large suite (hotel), suites with bigger, higher-quality beds, a d ... franchisors such as Super 8 Motels, which advertises 1-800-800-8000. A broadcaster may match a local telephone number to a station frequency (an AM 1010 radio call-in prog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wide Area Telephone Service
Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS) was a flat-rate long-distance service for customer dial-type telecommunications in the service areas of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). The service was between a given customer phone (also known as a "station") and stations within specified geographic rate areas, employing a single telephone line between the customer location and the serving central office. Each access line could be arranged for outward (OUT-WATS) or inward (IN-WATS) service, or both. WATS was introduced by the Bell System in 1961 as a long-distance flat-rate plan by which a business could obtain a special line with an included number of hours ('measured time' or 'full-time') of long-distance calling to a specified area. These lines were most often connected to private branch exchanges in large businesses. WATS lines were the basis for the first direct-dial toll-free 1-800-numbers (intrastate in 1966, interstate in 1967); by 1976, WATS brought AT&T Corporation a billio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cable & Wireless Communications
Cable & Wireless Communications Ltd operating as C&W Communications is a telecommunications company which has operations in the Caribbean and Central America. It is owned by Liberty Latin America and is headquartered in Denver, Colorado, US. It was formed when Cable & Wireless plc demerged in 2010 to form two companies (the other being Cable & Wireless Worldwide, Cable & Wireless Worldwide plc, since integrated into Vodafone). In November 2015, Liberty Global announced it would purchase Cable & Wireless Communications. The company was officially acquired by Liberty Global on May 16, 2016. Following the split of Liberty Latin America from Liberty Global in 2018, Cable & Wireless became owned by Liberty Latin America based in Colorado. The company operates under a number of brands, including C&W Business, C&W Networks, Cable & Wireless Panama, and BTC Bahamas. After Cable & Wireless Communications purchased Columbus Communications in 2015, it replaced its LIME (telecommunicati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telephone Number
A telephone number is the address of a Telecommunications, telecommunication endpoint, such as a telephone, in a telephone network, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN). A telephone number typically consists of a Number, sequence of digits, but historically letters were also used in connection with telephone exchange names. Telephone numbers facilitate the switching and routing of telephone call, calls using a system of destination code routing. Telephone numbers are entered or dialed by a calling party on the originating telephone set, which transmits the sequence of digits in the process of signaling to a telephone exchange. The exchange completes the call either to another locally connected subscriber or via the PSTN to the called party. Telephone numbers are assigned within the framework of a national or regional telephone numbering plan to subscribers by telephone service operators, which may be commercial entities, state-controlled administrations, or ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Come, First Served
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted. Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of operations research because the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources needed to provide a service. Queueing theory has its origins in research by Agner Krarup Erlang, who created models to describe the system of incoming calls at the Copenhagen Telephone Exchange Company. These ideas were seminal to the field of teletraffic engineering and have since seen applications in telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing, project management, and particularly industrial engineering, where they are applied in the design of factories, shops, offices, and hospitals. Spelling The spelling "queueing" over "queuing" is typically encountered in the academic research field. In fact, one of the flagship journals of the field is '' Queuein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridgewater, New Jersey
Bridgewater Township is a Township (New Jersey), township in Somerset County, New Jersey, Somerset County in the U.S. state of New Jersey, located within the heart of the Raritan River, Raritan Valley region. Situated within Central Jersey, Central New Jersey and crisscrossed by several major highways, the township is known for being both the regional commercial hub for Somerset County (home to Bridgewater Commons and different corporate headquarters) and as a suburban bedroom community of New York City within the New York metropolitan area. The township is located roughly away from Manhattan and about away from Staten Island. Bridgewater Township was created by Royal charter on April 4, 1749, from portions of the Northern precinct, Somerset County, New Jersey, Northern precinct. It was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships by the New Jersey Legislature on February 21, 1798, under the Township Act of 1798. During the nineteenth century, portions of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
