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Teshuvah
Repentance ( /tʃuvɑː/; "return") is one element of atoning for sin in Judaism. Judaism recognizes that everybody sins on occasion, but that people can stop or minimize those occasions in the future by repenting for past transgressions. Thus, the primary purpose of repentance in Judaism is ethical self-transformation.Telushkin, Joseph. ''A Code of Jewish Ethics: Volume 1 - You Shall Be Holy''. New York: Bell Tower, 2006. p. 152-173. Maimonides defines the essence of repentance as follows: A Jewish penitent is traditionally known as a ''baal teshuva''. How to repent According to ''Gates of Repentance'', a standard work of Jewish ethics written by Rabbenu Yonah of Gerona, a sinner repents by: * regretting/acknowledging the sin; * forsaking the sin (see below); * worrying about the future consequences of the sin; * acting and speaking with humility; * acting in a way opposite to that of the sin (for example, for the sin of lying, one should speak the truth); * understand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yonah Gerondi
Jonah ben Abraham Gerondi (; died 1264), also known as Jonah of Girona and Rabbeinu Yonah (), was a Catalan rabbi and moralist, cousin of Nahmanides. He is most famous for his ethical work ''The Gates of Repentance'' (). Biography Much of what is known about his life comes from a responsum by Solomon ben Simon Duran, one of his descendants. Jonah Gerondi came from Girona, in Catalonia (present-day Spain). He was the most prominent pupil of Solomon ben Abraham of Montpellier, the leader of the opponents of Maimonides' philosophical works, and was one of the signers of the ban proclaimed in 1233 against ''The Guide for the Perplexed'' and the . According to his pupil, Hillel ben Samuel, Gerondi was the instigator of the public burning of Maimonides' writings by order of the authorities at Paris in 1233, and the indignation which this aroused among all classes of Jews was mainly directed against him. Subsequently (not forty days afterward, as a tradition has it, but i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baal Teshuva
In Judaism, a ''ba'al teshuvah'' (; for a woman, , or ; plural, , , 'owner of return God or his way]') is a Jew who adopts some form of traditional religious observance after having previously followed a Jewish secularism, secular lifestyle or a less frum form of Judaism. The baal teshuva movement is a description of the return of secular Jews to religious Judaism. The term is used to refer to a worldwide phenomenon among the Jewish people. Definition The phrase ''baal teshuva'' generally refers to a Jew from a non- Orthodox background who becomes religiously observant in an Orthodox fashion; however, the concept can also encompass Orthodox-leaning Jews who become stricter in their observance. The term ''baal teshuva'' is from the Talmud and means " master of repentance". In Israel, (; plural: ), meaning "returning to return" or "returning to repentance" is more commonly used. Hence, a ''baal teshuva'' is a Jew who transgressed the '' halakhah'' (Jewish law) knowingly or u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ten Days Of Repentance
In Judaism, the Ten Days of Repentance (, ''ʿǍseret yəmēy təšūvā'') are the first ten days of the Hebrew month of Tishrei, beginning with the Jewish holiday of Rosh Hashanah and ending with the conclusion of Yom Kippur. During this time Jews focus on taking stock of their lives, making amends with people and asking for their forgiveness, repenting for their sins and seeking out closeness with God. These days usually fall in September and/or early October. Name The term "Ten Days of Repentance" appears in such early sources as the Jerusalem Talmud, the Pesikta Rabbati, and the writings of the Geonim, and has been the predominant title since the period of the Rishonim. The Babylonian Talmud uses a different expression - "the ten days between Rosh HaShanah and Yom HaKippurim" - while among Geonim we also find "the ten days from the beginning of Tishrei to Yom HaKippurim", "the first ten days of the month of Tishrei", and "(the time) between Rosh HaShanah and Yom HaKippurim". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mishneh Torah
The ''Mishneh Torah'' (), also known as ''Sefer Yad ha-Hazaka'' (), is a code of Rabbinic Jewish religious law (''halakha'') authored by Maimonides (Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon/Rambam). The ''Mishneh Torah'' was compiled between 1170 and 1180 CE (4930 and 4940 AM), while Maimonides was living in Egypt, and is regarded as Maimonides' '' magnum opus''. Accordingly, later sources simply refer to the work as "''Maimon''", "''Maimonides''", or "''RaMBaM''", although Maimonides composed other works. ''Mishneh Torah'' consists of fourteen books, subdivided into sections, chapters, and paragraphs. It is the only medieval-era work that details all of Jewish observance, including those laws that are only applicable when the Temple in Jerusalem is in existence, and remains an important work in Judaism. Its title is an appellation originally used for the Biblical book of Deuteronomy, and its moniker, "Book of the Strong Hand", derives from its subdivision into fourteen books: the numerical v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maimonides
Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides (, ) and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (), was a Sephardic rabbi and Jewish philosophy, philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages. In his time, he was also a preeminent astronomer and physician, serving as the personal physician of Saladin. He was born on Passover eve 1138 or 1135, and lived in Córdoba, Spain, Córdoba in al-Andalus (now in Spain) within the Almoravid dynasty, Almoravid Empire until his family was expelled for refusing to convert to Islam. Later, he lived in Morocco and Egypt and worked as a rabbi, physician and philosopher. During his lifetime, most Jews greeted Maimonides' writings on Halakha, Jewish law and Jewish ethics, ethics with acclaim and gratitude, even as far away as Iraq and Yemen. Yet, while Maimonides rose to become the revered head of the History of the Jews in Egypt, Jewish community in Egypt, his writings also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shraga Silverstein
Rabbi Shraga Silverstein was a Rabbi, author, and translator. He translated a number of books, including seventeen that were not published by 2014, and wrote three books himself. He lived in Jerusalem until his death in 2014. Biography Rabbi Shraga Silverstein graduated from Brooklyn College summa cum laude, with honours in English. He was also an alumnus of Mesivta Rabbi Chaim Berlin. He taught in universities in the United States and Israel and served as Principal of various yeshivas. Books authored * * * Translations * Shmirath Halashon (by the Chofetz Chaim) * The Knowing Heart: Da'Ath Tevunoth (by Moshe Chayim Luzzatto) * Ways of the Tzaddikim: Orchos Tzaddikim * The Gates of Repentance: Sha'arei Teshuvah (by Jonah Ben Abraham Gerondi) * The Path of the Just/Mesillat Yesharim (by Moshe Chayim Luzzatto) * Derashoth HaRan / The Discourses of the Ran (by Nissim of Gerona) * The Essential Torah Temimah (by Boruch Halevi Epstein) * The Rashi Chumash (by Rashi) * Pathways t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tzadik
Tzadik ( ''ṣaddīq'' , "righteous ne; also ''zadik'' or ''sadiq''; pl. ''tzadikim'' ''ṣadīqīm'') is a title in Judaism given to people considered righteous, such as biblical figures and later spiritual masters. The root of the word ''ṣadiq'', is '' ṣ- d- q'' ( ''tsedek''), which means "justice" or " righteousness". When applied to a righteous woman, the term is inflected as ''tzadeket'' singularly or ''tzidkaniot'' in the plural. ''Tzadik'' is also the root of the word '' tzedakah'' ('charity', literally 'righteousness'). The term ''tzadik'' "righteous", and its associated meanings, developed in rabbinic thought from its Talmudic contrast with ''hasid'' ("pious" honorific), to its exploration in ethical literature, and its esoteric spiritualisation in Kabbalah. Since the late 17th century, in Hasidic Judaism, the institution of the mystical tzadik as a divine channel assumed central importance, combining popularization of (hands-on) Jewish mysticism with soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atonement In Judaism
Atonement in Judaism is the process of causing a sin to be forgiven or pardoned. Judaism describes various means of receiving atonement for sin, that is, reconciliation with God and release from punishment. The main method of atonement is via repentance. Other means (e.g. Temple sacrifices, judicial punishments, and returning stolen property) may be involved in the atonement process, together with repentance. In Rabbinic Judaism In Rabbinic Judaism, atonement is achieved through repentance, which can be followed by some combination of the following: * confession * restitution * the occurrence of Yom Kippur (the day itself, as distinct from the Temple service performed on it) * tribulations (unpleasant life experiences) * the experience of dying. * the carrying out of a sentence of lashes or execution imposed by an ordained court (not now in existence) * Temple service (not now in existence, e.g. bringing a sacrifice). Which of these additions are required varies accordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viduy
In Judaism, confession () is a step in the process of atonement during which a Jew admits to committing a sin before God. In sins between a Jew and God, the confession must be done without others present (The Talmud calls confession in front of another a show of disrespect). On the other hand, confession of sins done to another person may be done publicly, and in fact Maimonides calls such confession "immensely praiseworthy". The confession of a sin in itself does not bring immediate forgiveness. Rather, it is one component of repentance in Judaism, which can lead to forgiveness. Hebrew Bible ''Vidui'' is not found as a noun in the Hebrew Bible, but the concept of confession and the hithpael verb form of '' yadah'' () – from which ''vidui'' is derived – are found, and seems to fall into the category of speech actions. Individuals might confess their sins or their people's sins as a precondition to achieving forgiveness, while confession was required along with certain sin-o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elul
Elul (Hebrew language, Hebrew: , Hebrew language#Modern Hebrew, Standard , Tiberian vocalization, Tiberian ) is the twelfth month of the civil year and the sixth month of the Jewish religious year, religious year in the Hebrew calendar. It is a month of 29 days. Elul usually occurs in August–September on the Gregorian calendar. Etymology The name of the month Elul, like the names of the rest of the Hebrew calendar months, was brought from the Babylonian captivity, and originated from the Akkadian word for "harvest". A similar month name was also used in Akkadian language, Akkadian, in the form ''Elūlu''. The month is known as ''Araḫ Ulūlu'' "harvest month" in the Babylonian calendar. The only difference is that in the Babylonian calendar, Ulūlu can serve as a leap month, while in the Jewish calendar, only Adar can serve as a leap month. Eylül is also the name for September in Turkish language, Turkish; this is derived from ''ʾAylūl'', used in Iraq and the Levant (see A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rosh HaShanah
Rosh Hashanah (, , ) is the New Year in Judaism. The Hebrew Bible, biblical name for this holiday is Yom Teruah (, , ). It is the first of the High Holy Days (, , 'Days of Awe"), as specified by Leviticus 23:23–25, that occur in the late summer/early autumn of the Northern Hemisphere. Rosh Hashanah begins Ten Days of Repentance, ten days of penitence culminating in Yom Kippur, as well as beginning the cycle of autumnal religious festivals running through Sukkot which end on Shemini Atzeret in Israel and Simchat Torah everywhere else. Rosh Hashanah is a Jewish holidays#Second day of biblical festivals, two-day observance and celebration that begins on the first day of Tishrei, which is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar#New year, ecclesiastical year. In contrast to the ecclesiastical Lunar New Year#Middle East/West Asia, lunar new year on the first day of the first month Nisan, the spring Passover month which marks Israel's exodus from Egypt, Rosh Hashanah marks the beginn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabbalah
Kabbalah or Qabalah ( ; , ; ) is an esoteric method, discipline and school of thought in Jewish mysticism. It forms the foundation of Mysticism, mystical religious interpretations within Judaism. A traditional Kabbalist is called a Mekubbal (). List of Jewish Kabbalists, Jewish Kabbalists originally developed transmissions of the primary texts of Kabbalah within the realm of Jewish tradition and often use classical Jewish scriptures to explain and demonstrate its mystical teachings. Kabbalists hold these teachings to define the inner meaning of both the Hebrew Bible and traditional rabbinic literature and their formerly concealed transmitted dimension, as well as to explain the significance of Jewish religious observances. Historically, Kabbalah emerged from earlier forms of Jewish mysticism, in 12th- to 13th-century Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain, al-Andalus (Spain) and in Hakhmei Provence, and was reinterpreted during the Jewish mystical renaissance in 16th-century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
