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Tegin
Tegin (, also tigin, MC *''dək-gɨn'' > Pinyin: ''Tèqín''; , erroneously ''Tèlè'' ) is a Turkic title, commonly attachable to the names of the junior members of the Khagan's family. However, Ligeti cast doubts on the Turkic provenance by pointing to the non-Turkic plural form ''tegit.'' According to Mahmud al-Kashgari, tegin means 'servant, slave' (). History History records many people carrying the title Tegin. The best known is Kül Tigin (, erroneously ), noted for the stele in his memory in the Orkhon inscriptions. Some Tegins founded and headed their own states. Alp-Tegin, founder of the Ghazni state, which grew into the Ghaznavid Empire; Arslan Tegin and Bughra Tegin, both instrumental in the creation of the Kara-Khanid Kaganate. The Chinese '' History of the Northern Dynasties'' states that the Hephthalite emperor of the Gandhara state was from a ruling clan of the neighboring Tegin state.Zuev Yu. A. ''"The strongest tribe Esgil"'' //Materials of Internatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anushtegin Gharchai
Anushtegin Gharchai (also spelled Anush-Tegin; ; died 1097) was a Turkic slave commander ( ''ghulam'') of the Seljuks and the governor of Khwarazm from approximately 1077 until 1097. He was the first member of his family to play a role in the history of Khwarazm, and the namesake for the dynasty that would rule the province in the 12th and early 13th centuries. Name ''Anushtegin'' is a combination of the Iranian word ''nush/anush'' ("undying", "born of an undying parent") and the Turkic word ''tegin'' ("prince"), thus meaning "immortally-born prince". Biography Anushtegin was originally a Turkic slave from Gharchistan (hence his surname "Gharchai"), but was later sold to the Seljuk officer Gumushtegin Bilge-Beg. Anushtegin first appears in records in 1073, when he and Gumushtegin Bilge-Beg were sent by the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I () to reconquer territory in northern Khorasan seized by the Ghaznavid ruler Ibrahim (). They successfully defeated the latter and razed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabuktigin
Abu Mansur Nasir ad-Din wa'd-Dawla Sabuktigin (; 940s – August-September 997) was the founder of the Ghaznavid dynasty, and amir of Ghazna from 977 to 997. Sabuktigin was a Turkic slave who was bought by Alp-Tegin, the commander of the royal guard of the Samanid dynasty. Alp-Tegin established himself as the governor of Ghazna in 962, and died a year later in 963. Afterwards, Sabuktigin built his prestige among other slave soldiers in Ghazna until he was elected by them as their ruler in 977. Sabuktigin expanded his rule down to south of present-day Afghanistan and north of Balochistan. Through conflicts with the Hindu Shahi dynasty of Kabul, he invaded Indian lands, opening the gates of India for the future monarchs of his dynasty. As a vassal of the Samanid Empire, he answered Nuh II's call to help regarding Abu Ali Simjuri's rebellion, defeating the latter in several battles during 994 to 996. Towards the end of his life, Sabuktigin arranged an agreement with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilgetegin
Bilgetegin was a Turkic officer, who was the Samanid governor of Ghazna from 12 November 966 to 975. He was successor of Abu Ishaq Ibrahim of Ghazna. On 12 November 966, when Abu Ishaq Ibrahim of Ghazna died, he left no child for the throne of the Ghaznavid dynasty. Turkic leaders and princes chose Bilgetegin as Samanid governor of Ghazna in November 966. He died in 975 during his siege of Lawik-ruled Gardez Gardez ( / ; ''Gardēz'', meaning "mountain fortress" in Middle Persian) is the capital of the Paktia Province of Afghanistan. The population of the city was estimated to be ca. 10,000 in the 1979 census and was estimated to be 70,000 in 2008. Th .... Böritigin of Ghazni was his successor. References Sources * * * {{s-end 975 deaths 10th-century births Ghilman Samanid governors of Ghazna 10th-century Asian people 10th-century governors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kul Tigin
Kul Tigin ( zh, 闕 特 勤, Pinyin: Quètèqín, Wade–Giles: chüeh-t'e-ch'in, AD 684–731) was a general and a prince of the Second Turkic Khaganate. Etymology Necip Asım (1921) initially gave his name as ''köl'', based on the etymology of Mahmud al-Kashgari, meaning "lake, sea". Radloff rendered this word as ''kül'', and Thomsen (1896), Malov (1951) and Tekin (1968) adopted this reading. Bazin (1956) and Hamilton (1962) rejected Radloff's reading and preferred the form ''köl''. However, Chinese sources used the Chinese character 闕 (''què''). Therefore, this word should be read as ''kül'', not ''köl''. Early years He was a second son of Ilterish Qaghan, the Second Turkic Khaganate's founder, and the younger brother of Bilge Kaghan, the fourth kaghan. He was seven when his father died. During the reign of Qapagan Khaghan, Kul Tigin and his older brother earned reputation for their military prowess. They defeated Yenisei Kirghiz, Turgesh, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kül Tigin
Kul Tigin ( zh, 闕 特 勤, Pinyin: Quètèqín, Wade–Giles: chüeh-t'e-ch'in, AD 684–731) was a general and a prince of the Second Turkic Khaganate. Etymology Necip Asım (1921) initially gave his name as ''köl'', based on the etymology of Mahmud al-Kashgari, meaning "lake, sea". Radloff rendered this word as ''kül'', and Thomsen (1896), Malov (1951) and Tekin (1968) adopted this reading. Bazin (1956) and Hamilton (1962) rejected Radloff's reading and preferred the form ''köl''. However, Chinese sources used the Chinese character 闕 (''què''). Therefore, this word should be read as ''kül'', not ''köl''. Early years He was a second son of Ilterish Qaghan, the Second Turkic Khaganate's founder, and the younger brother of Bilge Kaghan, the fourth kaghan. He was seven when his father died. During the reign of Qapagan Khaghan, Kul Tigin and his older brother earned reputation for their military prowess. They defeated Yenisei Kirghiz, Turgesh, and the Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkic Peoples
Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West Asia, West, Central Asia, Central, East Asia, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.. "Turkic peoples, any of various peoples whose members speak languages belonging to the Turkic subfamily...". "The Turkic peoples represent a diverse collection of ethnic groups defined by the Turkic languages." According to historians and linguists, the Proto-Turkic language originated in Central-East Asia, potentially in the Altai-Sayan region, Mongolia or Tuva.: "The ultimate Proto-Turkic homeland may have been located in a more compact area, most likely in Eastern Mongolia": "The best candidate for the Turkic Urheimat would then be northern and western Mongolia and Tuva, where all these haplogroups could have intermingled, rather than eastern and southern Mongolia..." Initially, Proto-Turkic speakers were potentially both hunter-gatherers and farmers; they later became nomadic Pastoralism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bumin Qaghan
Bumin Qaghan (, also known as Illig Qaghan ( Chinese: 伊利可汗, Pinyin: Yīlì Kèhán, Wade–Giles: i-li k'o-han) or Yamï Qaghan (, died 552 AD) was the founder of the Turkic Khaganate. He was the eldest son of Ashina Tuwu (吐務 / 吐务). He was the chieftain of the Turks under the sovereignty of Rouran Khaganate.馬長壽, 《突厥人和突厥汗國》, 上海人民出版社, 1957, (Ma Zhangshou, ''Tujue ve Tujue Khaganate''), pp. 10-11. 陳豐祥, 余英時, 《中國通史》, 五南圖書出版股份有限公司, 2002, (Chen Fengxiang, Yu Yingshi, ''General history of China''), p. 155. Burhan Oğuz, ''Türkiye halkının kültür kökenleri: Giriş, beslenme teknikleri'', İstanbul Matbaası, 1976, p. 147.«Demirci köle» olmaktan kurtulup reisleri Bumin'e He is also mentioned as Tumen (, , commander of ten thousand) of the Rouran Khaganate. Early life and reign According to ''History of Northern Dynasties'' and ''Zizhi Tongjian'', in 545 Tumen's tribe started ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Taj Gümüshtegin
Al-Taj Gümüshtegin, also known as Fakhr al-Dawla Gümüshtegin al-Tājī, eunuch governor of Baalbek through 1110, a freedman of Tutush I. Al-Taj briefly jailed Tutush’s son Irtash in 1104 before he was released by Toghtekin. He was replaced by Toghtekin’s son Buri. In exchange for Baalbek, Toghtekin granted al-Taj the fortress of Salkhad Salkhad () is a Syrian city in the As-Suwayda Governorate, southern Syria. It is the capital of Salkhad District, one of the governorate's three districts. It has a population of 15,000 inhabitants. It is located at 1350 metres above sea level ... where he died in 1131. References * {{Runciman-A History of the Crusades, volume=2, page=95 * Gibb, N. A. R., Editor, ''The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. Extracted and translated from the Chronicle of ibn al-Qalānisi'', Luzac & Company, London, 1932, pgs. 63-65, 71, 77. 79 Muslims of the Crusades 12th-century Asian people Baalbek District Eunuchs 12th-century slaves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghaznavids
The Ghaznavid dynasty ( ''Ġaznaviyān'') was a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic peoples, Turkic ''mamluk'' origin. It ruled the Ghaznavid Empire or the Empire of Ghazni from 977 to 1186, which at its greatest extent, extended from the Oxus to the Indus Valley. The dynasty was founded by Sabuktigin upon his succession to the rule of Ghazni Province, Ghazna after the death of his father-in-law, Alp Tigin, who was an ex-general of the Samanid Empire from Balkh. Sabuktigin's son, Mahmud of Ghazni, expanded the Ghaznavid Empire to the Amu Darya, the Indus River and the Indian Ocean in the east and to Rey, Iran, Rey and Hamadan in the west. Under the reign of Mas'ud I of Ghazni, Mas'ud I, the Ghaznavid dynasty began losing control over its western territories to the Seljuk Empire after the Battle of Dandanaqan in 1040, resulting in a restriction of its holdings to modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. In 1151, Sultan Bahram Shah lost Ghazni to the Ghurid dynasty, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alp Tigin
Alp-Tegin, ( ''Alptegīn'' or ''Alptigīn'') or Alptekin, was a Turkic slave commander of the Samanid Empire, who would later become the semi-independent governor of Ghazna from 962 until his death in 963. Before becoming governor of Ghazni, Alp-Tegin was the commander-in-chief ('' sipahsalar'') of the Samanid army in Khorasan. In a political fallout over succession of the Samanids he crossed the Hindu Kush mountains southward and captured Ghazna, located strategically between Kabul and Kandahar in present-day Afghanistan, and thereby establishing his own principality, which, however, was still under Samanid authority. He was succeeded by his son, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim. Biography Origin Alp-Tegin was originally part of the nomadic Turks that roamed the Central Asian steppes, but was later captured and brought via the Samanid slave trade as a slave to the Samanid capital of Bukhara, where he was raised in the Samanid court. Despite being of Turkic stock and allegedly in speech ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazi Gümüshtigin
Gazi Gümüshtigin (died 1104), also known as Melikgazi Gümüshtigin was the second ruler of the Danishmendids which his father Danishmend Gazi had founded in central-eastern Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert. Biography He succeeded his father when the father died in 1084. Gümüshtigin used deliberately Byzantine imagery in his coins with one side showing a nimbused Christ and the other a Greek inscription which entitled him as "the great amir" to assert his authority. During the First Crusade, he was directly on the path of the advancing Crusaders and was on the losing side at the Battle of Dorylaeum in 1097. After the end of the First Crusade, he was able to capture Bohemond I of Antioch in August 1100 and the city of Melitene from its Armenian ruler Gabriel in 1101. The Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos offered Gümüshtigin 260,000 bezants, but the offer fell flat because the Seljuk sultan of Rum was denied a share, starting a conflict between the Danishmendi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Böritigin Of Ghazni
Böritigin or Böri (in Old Turkic the name means ''wolf prince''), also known as Pirai, was a Turkic officer, who served as the Samanid governor of Ghazna from 974/975 to 977. Reign During his rule, the people of Ghazni revolted against Samanids, and invited Abu Ali Lawik of the formerly ruling Lawik dynasty to come back to Ghazni, take the throne, and overthrow Böritigin. The Hindu Shahis supported the Lawiks and the king, most likely Jayapala, sent his son to assist Lawiks in the invasion. When the allied forces reached Charkh on the Logar River, they were attacked by Sabuktigin who killed and captured many of them while also capturing ten elephants. Böritigin was expelled and Sabuktigin was appointed as governor by the Samanid ruler Nuh II in 977. References Sources * * * * {, align=center border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="background: #f9f9f9; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:95%" , - , width="30%" align="cente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
